CEP55慢病毒表达载体构建和U251-CEP55细胞株的建立

目的:构建CEP55慢病毒表达载体,建立稳定表达CEP55的人脑胶质瘤U251细胞株。方法:使用PCR扩增方法将CEP55基因序列进行扩增,转入质粒中,并整合到载体上,构建重组质粒GV358-CEP55载体。与p Helper 1.0和p Helper 2.0质粒共转染293T细胞使其产生慢病毒,以GV358空载体包装的慢病毒作为对照。显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白GFP表达强度,确定慢病毒的感染效率。采用病毒梯度稀释法测定病毒滴度。慢病毒感染人胶质瘤细胞株U251后,经嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定表达CEP55基因的细胞株U251-CEP55。q RT-PCR和Western blot两种方法分别检测CEP55 m RNA及蛋白的表达。结果:测序证实慢病毒表达载体GV358-CEP55构建成功;转染293T细胞获得高滴度的病毒。病毒感染U251细胞后,使用嘌呤霉素筛选得到稳定转染细胞株U251-CEP55;q RT-PCR和Western blot方法分别检测后发现,U251-CEP55细胞株中CEP55 m RNA和蛋白水平的表达明显高于对照组。结论:成功构建CEP55慢病毒表达载体,获得稳定表达CEP55的人胶质瘤U251细胞株,为CEP55基因功能的探究给予了一定的实验基础。     

慢病毒GV115-AIF siRNA 重组表达系统的构建及鉴定

目的:构建高效的慢病毒GV115-AIF si RNA重组表达系统。方法:根据目的基因AIF以及RNA干扰序列设计原则,利用设计软件设计了3个可能的AIF si RNA序列。应用全基因合成技术和亚克隆技术构建GV115-AIF si RNA重组质粒,并采用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR技术)和基因测序技术对GV115-AIF si RNA重组质粒鉴定。利用GV115病毒包装辅助p Helper 1.0质粒和p Helper 2.0质粒进行病毒包装。病毒包装后转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过应用逆转录定量PCR技术(RT-PCR技术)检测转染后对人胚肾293T细胞中AIF基因的敲减效率,筛选最高效的AIF si RNA基因序列。结果:GV115-AIF si RNA质粒PCR鉴定显示位于341bp附近的条带。测序结果与设计的基因序列完全吻合。3个可能的AIF si RNA序列中基因敲减效率最高的可达到88.3%。结论:成功构建高效的慢病毒GV115-AIF si RNA重组表达系统。     

PKM2在白血病NB4细胞系的分布及对c-Myc蛋白的影响

探讨PKM2在白血病NB4细胞中的分布情况及对c-Myc蛋白的影响。免疫荧光技术检测PKM2在NB4细胞中的分布情况。将含靶点序列的GV248载体、包装质粒Helper 1.0和Helper 2.0共转染293T细胞,包装慢病毒。收集病毒上清,浓缩纯化后感染NB4细胞,荧光显微镜观察感染效率,Western blotting检测PKM2和c-Myc蛋白的表达变化。CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖情况。结果显示,PKM2在NB4细胞核及细胞质中均有表达,细胞核中比例较大。成功构建LV-PKM2-RNAi病毒,感染的细胞PKM2和c-Myc表达下调(p0.05),细胞增殖能力降低(p0.05)。这些结果表明PKM2主要分布在NB4细胞核,抑制PKM2表达可明显抑制NB4细胞增殖,并抑制c-Myc蛋白表达。     

慢病毒介导的稳定表达LBH的前列腺癌细胞株的建立

目的:构建稳定表达LBH基因的人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3M-LBH,探讨LBH基因对PC-3M细胞增殖能力的影响。方法:构建表达LBH基因的重组慢病毒载体并制备出相应的慢病毒,感染低表达LBH基因的人前列腺癌PC-3M细胞后,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得细胞克隆;实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法(Western-Blot)分别检测细胞株中LBH的mRNA、蛋白表达水平;采用CCK-8法检测表达LBH基因后细胞增殖能力的改变。结果:成功构建了重组慢病毒表达质粒p Lenti-LBH并包装出了慢病毒,感染前列腺癌细胞后经嘌呤霉素筛选得到PC-3M-LBH细胞株;PC-3M-LBH细胞株中LBH基因的mRNA和蛋白表达显著上调;相对母细胞和NC对照组,PC-3M-LBH细胞在接种后第4天即出现明显的生长抑制,到第6天其生长抑制率达到19.7%。结论:构建的细胞株能稳定表达LBH基因,该基因的表达能显著抑制前列腺癌PC-3M细胞的体外增殖。     

Netrin-1 慢病毒表达载体的构建及延缓TGF-β 诱导HK-2 细胞上皮- 间 充质转化的初步研究*

目的:构建netrin-1基因的慢病毒表达载体,初步研究netrin-1在肾小管纤维化的作用.方法:将扩增的netrin-1表达片段克隆入FUW慢病毒表达载体,鉴定重组质粒正确性.利用HEK-293T细胞包装慢病毒,病毒感染人肾小管上皮HK-2细胞,Western blot检测重组病毒netrin-1在真核细胞内表达表达;TGF-β刺激过表达netrin-1的HK-2细胞,利用Westernblot检测其纤维化指标的变化.结果:FUW-netrin-1慢病毒表达载体测序正确,并在感染病毒的细胞中检测出特异性条带,TGF-β刺激感染netrin-1慢病毒HK-2细胞的E-cadherin的下降水平比未感染病毒组低.结论:成功构建了netrin-1的慢病毒表达载体,发现netrin-1可能延缓肾小管内皮细胞发生纤维化.     

慢病毒介导的HTRA1 基因稳定过表达人脑血管平滑肌细胞株的建立

目的:构建并包装针对HTRA1基因以及其1091TC突变基因(HTRA1-Mut)的过表达慢病毒载体,以及建立稳定表达HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因的人脑血管平滑肌细胞(HBVSMC)株。方法:采用RT-PCR方法扩增HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因片段并将其连接于GV287载体质粒,采用慢病毒包装三质粒系统(GV287/p Helper 1.0/p Helper 2.0)转染293T细胞,收集富含慢病毒颗粒的细胞上清液并标定病毒滴度,慢病毒感染经培养和鉴定的HBVSMC细胞株。结果:成功构建含HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因的慢病毒重组载体,PCR鉴定阳性的克隆进行测序和BLAST比对分析显示与源基因序列一致,并能够有效的感染并在293T细胞中表达。表达载体包装后测定病毒滴度为:2E+8 TU/mL。过表达慢病毒感染后HBVSMC有荧光表达,并且荧光率达80%以上,细胞生长良好传后细胞几乎无死亡现象。结论:成功构建了过表达HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因的慢病毒表达载体,得到了较高滴度的病毒悬液,建成了稳定表达HTRA1及HTRA1-Mut基因的HBVSMC细胞株,为进一步探讨HTRA1基因及突变后细胞的功能变化提供了良好的研究工具。     

慢病毒介导稳定表达FRT-LacZ基因的MDCK细胞株构建

[目的]通过慢病毒载体系统获得稳定表达FRT-LacZ基因的MDCK细胞株。[方法]PCR扩增FRT-LacZ基因,亚克隆至慢病毒载体p LVX-PGK-Puro。经四质粒包装系统共转染293FT细胞包装重组慢病毒并检测病毒滴度,获得的慢病毒感染MDCK细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选和β-半乳糖苷酶原位染色检测筛选鉴定转基因细胞株。[结果]测序证实,成功构建重组慢病毒质粒p LVX-FRT-LacZ-PGK-Puro。包装产生的慢病毒滴度为4.04×107TU/m L,重组慢病毒感染MDCK细胞后筛选获得稳定表达FRT-LacZ基因的MDCK细胞株。[结论]构建了稳定表达FRTLacZ基因的MDCK细胞株。     

Netrin-1慢病毒表达载体的构建及延缓TGF—β诱导HK-2细胞上皮-间充质转化的初步研究

目的：构建netrin-1基因的慢病毒表达载体,初步研究netrin-1在肾小管纤维化的作用。方法：将扩增的netrin-1表达片段克隆入FUW慢病毒表达载体,鉴定重组质粒正确性。利用HEK-293T细胞包装慢病毒,病毒感染人肾小管上皮HK-2细胞,Westernblot检测重组病毒netrin-1在真核细胞内表达表达;TGF-β刺激过表达netrin-1的HK-2细胞,利用Westemblot检测其纤维化指标的变化。结果：FUW—netrin-1慢病毒表达载体测序正确,并在感染病毒的细胞中检测出特异性条带,TGF-β刺激感染netrin-1慢病毒HK-2细胞的E-cadherin的下降水平比未感染病毒组低。结论：成功构建了netrin-1的慢病毒表达载体,发现netrin-1可能延缓肾小管内皮细胞发生纤维化。     

在表达HCV Core蛋白的肝癌细胞中建立Notch1低表达稳定转染细胞株

目的筛选并包装Notch1基因shRNA低表达的慢病毒,感染稳定表达丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)核心蛋白(core)的肝癌细胞,在此基础上建立低表达Notch1基因的SMMC7721-Core稳定转染细胞株。方法设计针对Notch1基因mRNA的干扰序列,并将其连接入载体质粒,转染HEK293T细胞,构建带有Notch1基因的慢病毒表达载体,感染稳定表达HCV Core蛋白的人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721-Core,采用定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative PCR,qPCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测干扰效果。结果构建了带有干扰Notch1基因的慢病毒表达载体,感染SMMC7721-Core细胞后筛选获得稳转细胞株,qPCR测得Notch1 mRNA低表达,Western blot检测到Notch1蛋白低表达。结论成功构建了Notch1低表达SMMC7721-Core人肝癌稳定转染细胞株,为进一步开展对HCV Core蛋白诱导肝癌过程中Notch1所起作用的研究提供了依据。     

Effects of different batches of iodine on properties of I-hFSH and characteristics of radioligand-receptor assays

Radioiodination of highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) (4000 IU/mg) was performed every other week for 23 weeks using 2 mCi carrier free Na ¹²⁵I (Amersham Corp., 15 mCi/μg I₂) in the presence of lactoperoxidase. Incorporation of ¹²⁵I into hFSH was determined by the method of [7.]Biochem. J. 89, 114). Hormone binding was studied in vitro under steady-state conditions (16 h, 20°C) using different calf testis membrane preparations having similar receptor characteristics. Each ¹²⁵I-hFSH preparation was characterized for maximum bindability, specific activity of bindable radioligand as determined by self-displacement analysis, and by determination of K_a and R_t. Incorporation of ¹²⁵I into FSH was relatively constant over the large number of experiments (62.4 ± 6.4 μCi/μg; n = 23). By comparison, however, specific radioactivity of the receptor bindable fraction of ¹²⁵I-hFSH was related to the lot of ¹²⁵I utilized, and was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower and more variable (28.7 ± 10.5 μCi/μg). Maximum bindability of ¹²⁵I-hFSH was not correlated to specific activity (r = 0.06) but was negatively correlated to hFSH ¹²⁵I incorporation (r = −0.47; P ≤ 0.05). These observations demonstrate the need to assess the quality of each batch of radioligand before undertaking radioligand-receptor assays and suggest that differences in Na¹²⁵I lots affect specific radioactivity of the radioligand and its receptor binding characteristics.     

Estimation of genome sizes of hyperthermophiles

Genomes of various hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic prokaryotes were analyzed with respect to size, physical organization, and 16S rDNA copy number. Our results show that all the genomes are circular, and they are in the size range of 1.6–1.8 Mb for Pyrodictium abyssi, Methanococcus igneus, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus, and Archaeoglobus profundus (the two bacteria Fervidobacterium islandicum and Thermosipho africanus possess genomes of 1.5-Mb size). A systematic study of all validly described species of the order Sulfolobales revealed the existence of two classes of genome size for these archaea, correlating with phylogenetic analyses. The Metallosphaera–Acidianus group, plus Sulfolobus metallicus, have genomes of ca. 1.9 Mb; the other members of the order Sulfolobales group possess genomes >2.7 Mb. The special case of Stygiolobus azoricus is discussed. Received: August 10, 1997 / Accepted: January 1, 1998     

Seasonal study of the fungal biota of the fur of dogs

During a one year period, 944 dogs from the Municipal kennel of Barcelona were examined to detect animals with suspected dermatophytosis. Only a few animals (1.8%) presented skin lesions but none of them had dermatophytosis. A representative number of dogs without visible skin lesions (n=172), selected at random, were used to carry out a seasonal study of the mycobiota of their fur. Fifteen isolates belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton were isolated from 14 of the 172 (8.1%) dogs without lesions. The identity of these fungi was Microsporum gypseum (6/15), Trichophyton terrestre (4/15), M. canis (2/15), M. cookei (2/15) and Trichophyton ajelloi (1/15) (one strain each of M. gypseum and T. ajelloi were isolated from one dog). Species of Penicillium (% prevalence=89.5%), Alternaria (86.6%), Cladosporium (84.9%), Aspergillus (77.3%), Scopulariopsis (65.7%) and Chrysosporium (64.5%) were the most prevalent. No significant differences in the fungal biota were observed with respect to age, gender, hair length or between mixed and pure breed dogs. A large number of isolates, including species belonging to the genera Beauveria, Chrysosporium, Malbranchea and Scopulariopsis, that macroscopically and/or microscopically resemble dermatophytes and may be mistaken for them, produced a red color change in Dermatophyte Test Medium. No significant seasonal difference was detected among the isolates belonging to the the most frequently encountered genera, with the exception of Scopulariopsis (higher in summer and autumn) and Chrysosporium (higher in summer). Species from other genera, with lower occurrence also presented significant differences in their seasonal distribution. Arthrinium, Aureobasidium, Chaetomium and Phoma spp. presented maximum prevalence peaks in spring, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Phoma and Rhizopus spp. in summer and Geotrichum and Mucor spp. in autumn. The Microsporum and Trichophyton species were more frequently isolated in summer.     

Spatial distribution of brood-bearing females of limnetic species of Cladocera

In this study, the spatial distribution of brood-bearing females of five species of limnetic cladocerans (Daphnia cucullata, D. longispina, Bosmina coregoni, B. longirostris, Diaphanosoma brachyurum) in the deep mesotrophic lake in relation to the predation pressure of planktivorous fish (roach Rutilus rutilus, perch Perca fluviatilis, catfish Ictalurus nebulosus, white fish Coregonus albula, bleak Alburnus alburnus), and planktonic invertebrates (cyclopoids Mesocyclops leuckartii, Thermocyclops oithonoides, T. crassus, and cladoceran Leptodora kindtii) as well as some environmental variables was estimated. Most cladocerans showed apparent differences in horizontal distribution (ANOVA F = 0.2–0.45, P < 0.05) in the littoral zone and lack of such differences in the pelagic zone (F = 0.07–0.13, P > 0.05). Vertical distribution of most species, in turn, showed a clear pattern in the pelagic zone (F = 0.31–0.39, P < 0.05) and less regularities in the littoral zone (F = 0.15–029, P > 0.05). The differences in spatial distribution of non-predated and predated species suggest that predation pressure, but not predatory type, was an important factor structuring their distribution. Other factors that affected their distribution were conductivity, dissolved oxygen, TOC and macrophyte biomass; however, most of those variables better explained the distribution of brood-bearing cladocerans in the vertical than horizontal aspect.     

Peculiarities of Selectivity of Three Subtypes of Low-Threshold T-Type Calcium Channels

Despite the progress in studies of the properties and functions of low-threshold calcium channels (LTCCs) [1], the mechanisms of their selectivity and permeability remain unstudied in detail. We performed a comparative analysis of the selectivity of three cloned pore-forming LTCC subunits (α1G, α1H, and α1I) functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes with respect to bivalent alkaline-earth metal cations (Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Sr²⁺. The relative conductivities (G) of these channels were determined according to the amplitudes of macroscopic currents (I) and potentials of zero currents (E). The currents were recorded after preliminary intracellular injection of a fast calcium buffer, BAPTA, in order to suppress the endogenous calcium-dependent chloride conductivity. Channels formed by α1G subunits demonstrated the following ratios of the amplitudes of macroscopic currents and potentials of zero current: I _Ca:I _Ba:I _Sr = 1.00:0.75:1.12 and E _Ca ≈ E _Ba ≈ E _Sr. For channels that were formed by α1H and α1I subunits, these ratios were as follows: I _Ca:I _Ba:I _Sr = 1.00:1.20:1.17, E _Ca ≈ E _Ba ≈ E _Sr and I _Ca:I _Ba:I _Sr = 1.00:1.48: 1.45, E _Ca ≈ E _Ba ≈ E _Sr respectively. The different macroscopic conductivities and similar potentials of zero current typical of α1G and α1I channels indicate that, probably, various bivalent cations can in a differential manner influence the stochastic parameters of functioning of these channels. At the same time, channels formed by α1H subunits are characterized by more positive potentials of zero current for Ca²⁺. It seems possible that the selectivity of the above channels is determined by mechanisms that mediate the selectivity of most high-threshold calcium channels (more affine binding of Ca²⁺ inside the pore). Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 319–329, July–August, 2005.     

Stimulation by interferon of induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells

F₁-ATPase was isolated from yeast $\text{S.}\text{cerevisiae}$. The constituent subunits 1 and 2 were purified by gel permeation chromatography, and their amino acid compositions determined. Both subunits have a similar composition except for $\text{1}\text{2}$ cystine, methionine, leucine, histidine, and tryptophan. When F₁ is treated for three hours with 5′-p-[³H]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine in dimethylsulfoxide, 90% of the activity is lost. Disc gel electrophoresis of the modified complex showed that over 90% of the label was associated with subunit 2. A labelled peptide from a $\text{S.}\text{aureus}$ digest of subunit 2 was isolated and sequenced. It had the following amino acid sequence: His-Try¹-Asp-Val-Ala-Ser-Lys-Val-Gln-Glu, whereby Tyr¹ is the modified amino acid residue. This sequence shows homology to other sequences obtained from maize, beef heart, and $\text{E.}\text{coli}$ F₁-ATPases.     

Influence of method of presentation on results of plant-host preference tests with two species of grasshopper

Leaf material of two Piper spp. (Piperaceae) was presented to two different generalist herbivores (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to determine whether method of leaf presentation in preference trials affects choice. For the grasshopper Leptomerinthoprora brevipennis, the method of presentation had no effect on preference ranking: more of Piper sancti-felicis was eaten than of P. arieianum, regardless of whether leaf material was presented as leaf disks, whole leaves supplemented with water, or whole leaves without water. In contrast, preference of the grasshopper Abracis flavolineata depended on presentation method. In that case, whole leaves of P. scancti-felicis supplemented with water were preferred over the same of P. arieianum, while dry weight consumption of leaf disks of P. arieianum was greater than that for disks of P. sancti-felicis. When presented with leaves not supplemented with water, A. flavolineata showed no significant preference for one plant species over another.

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Résumé Des feuilles provenant de deux espèces de Piper (Piperacae) ont été proposées à deux Orthoptères, Acrididae, herbivores généralistes, pour déterminer si la méthode de présentation des feuilles modifiait le choix. Pour Leptomerinthoprora brevipennis, la méthode de présentation est sans influence sur l'ordre de préférence; la consommation de Piper sancti-felicis est toujours supérieure à celle de P. arieianum, quelque soit le mode de présentation: disques de feuilles, feuilles entières humidifiées, ou feuilles entières sans addition d'eau. A l'opposé, l'ordre de préférence de Abracis flavolineata dépend du type de présentation; les feuilles entières humidifiées de P. sancti-felicis sont préférées à celles de P. arieianum proposées de la même façon, tandis que la consommation de disques secs de P. arieianum est plus importante que celle des disques secs de P. sancti-felicis. En présence de feuilles entières humidifiées, A. flavolineata ne manifeste aucune préférence.

     

Cytogenetics of Brazilian species of Bromeliaceae

This paper presents the mitotic chromosome numbers of 18 species of Bromeliaceae. The diploid number 2n = 50 was observed in Aechmea comata, A. caudata, A. correia‐araujoi, A. recurvata, A. marauensis, A. bicolor, A. pineliana, Hohenbergia catingae, H. blanchetti, Alcantarea imperialis, Al. nahoumi, Neoregelia tenebrosa, Nidularium lyman‐smithii, N. scheremetiewii, N. innocentii var. innocentii, and N. innocentii × Neoregelia johannis hybrid, whereas 2n = 34 was observed in Cryptanthus maritimus and C. warren‐loosei. All of the determinations presented in this study are previously unpublished, except A. comata and H. catingae. These results confirm x = 25 as the basic number for the family and x = 17 as a secondary basic number probably generated by decreasing dysploidy. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 189–193.     

Comparison of Vanadium-Rich Activity of Three Species Fungi of Basidiomycetes

A comparison of vanadium-rich activity of three species fungi of Basidiomycetes, Ganoderma lucidum, Coprinus comatus, and Grifola frondosa, was studied. By fermentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis, the biomass of G. lucidum and G. frondosa declined rapidly when the concentration of vanadium exceeded 0.3% but the biomass of C. comatus did not decline rapidly until the concentration of vanadium exceeded 0.4% and the content of vanadium accumulated in the mycelia was 3529.3 μg/g. After the mice were administered (intragastrically) with vanadium-rich C. comatus, the blood glucose of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice was decreased (p < 0.05) and the body weight of the alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice was increased gradually. Thus, we selected C. comatus to absorb vanadium and chose 0.4% as the optimal concentration of vanadium for the pharmacological works.