白花益母草种子的化学成分分析

对白花益母草种子的化学成分进行分析,结果表明,种子油含有大量人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸,其主要成分为：亚油酸（42．60％）、亚麻酸（30．22％）、油酸（20．28％）等,此外种子还含有18种氨基酸和24种矿质元素和蛋白质等成分。其种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效。     

黄蜀葵种子形态及其化学成分的研究

本文报道了黄蜀葵种子的形态特征和化学成分。研究结果表明 :种子含有脂肪油 ,含量为31 16 % ,其主要成分为 :亚油酸 (82 179% )、油酸 (9 195 % )、棕榈酸 (4 75 6 % )、硬脂酸 (2 6 81% )、亚麻酸 (0 32 8% )等 ,此外 ,还含有 18种氨基酸和 2 4种矿质元素。其种子含有多种氨基酸和矿质元素 ,而且种子油含有大量人体所必需的不饱和脂肪酸 ,含量达 91 815 %。因此 ,其种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健功效 ,具有潜在开发利用的价值。     

六种唇形科种子营养成分比较分析

对六种唇形科植物种子营养成分研究的结果表明：种子含有丰富的脂肪油,其不饱和脂肪酸总量均在90％以上。种子油的主要成分为：α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、花生烯酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等成分。并从种子中测定了18种氨基酸和多种矿质元素的含量。这六种种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和潜在药用保健功效。     

麻疯树种子的研究进展

麻疯树（Jatropha curcas L．）为大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）麻疯树属半肉质小乔木或大灌木,具有很强的抗旱、耐贫瘠的特性。麻疯树的根、树皮、叶和种子均可人药。种子中主要含有脂肪类物质、蛋白质和萜类物质,其毒素为麻疯树毒蛋白和种子油。种仁中的含油量约为50％,可作为理想的生物柴油;毒蛋白、种子油及其他种子提取物可作为生物农药。关于麻疯树种子的发育、脱水行为及其调控研究较少。麻疯树是二种具有重要经济价值的战略资源。     

种子培养基成分对裂殖壶菌发酵产DHA的影响

考察种子培养基中谷氨酸钠质量浓度和NaCl质量浓度（盐度）对Schizochytrium sp. HX-308菌种质量及发酵性能的影响。结果表明：40 g/L谷氨酸钠条件下培养菌种,发酵后DHA质量分数达到（53.25±0.48）%,而其油产量、油脂质量分数和DHA产量分别为（24.9±0.4）g/L、（45.2±0.6）%、（8.6±0.35）g/L; 利用不含谷氨酸钠的种子培养基发酵,其油产量、油脂质量分数和DHA产量分别为（30.1±0.8）g/L、（54.3±0.5）%、（12.1±0.5）g/L,比含40 g/L谷氨酸钠时分别提高了20.88%、20.13%和40.70%,为菌种驯化提供了新的思路和方向。此外,低盐度培养条件有利于菌种生产性能的发挥,6.25 g/L NaCl条件下发酵后油质量分数、DHA产量及DHA质量分数最高,分别为（62.1±0.8）%、（10.0±0.3）g/L、（48.97±0.42）%。     

高粱泡果实营养评价及其种子油脂肪酸组分的分析

分析测定了福建产的高粱泡果实营养成分及其种子油脂肪酸组分。结果表明：其果实含总酸量高,达3.37%,蛋白质含量为6.81%,氨基酸为6.33g/100g.DW,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的25.81%;SOD含量高达275.03u/g.FW;矿质元素含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn等;种子油以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中亚油酸（51.7%-52.2%）、α－亚麻酸(33.1%-34.8%)和油酸(6.4%-8.5%)较丰富。此外,含丰富粗脂肪、糖类、维生素等营养物质,高粱泡资源丰富、营养价值和医疗保健作用高,具有较大的开发利用潜力。     

沙坡头人工固沙区的种子库动态

沙坡头人工固沙区的土壤种子库中共有４６种植物的种子,属于１７个科。其中菊科植物最多,达１１种;其次为藜科,７种;禾本科７种;豆科４种。既是现有植被组分种,其种子又存在于种子库中的,占总种数的３３．３％ 。油蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍ ｉｓｉａ ｏｒｄｏｓｉｃａ）、花棒（Ｈｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍ ｓｃｏｐａｒｉｕｍ ）和柠条（Ｃａｒａｇａｎａ ｋｏｒｓｈｉｎｓｋｉｉ）的种子产量为５４５±６７６．７３粒／ｍ ２、６．６７±１３．７４粒／ｍ ２、０．０３２±２．４３×１０－ ３粒／ｍ ２。油蒿在植株上成熟时不受虫害,而花棒、柠条的种子受害比例分别为３１．９２％ 和８３．２９％ 。在最适埋藏深度下,油蒿、柠条、花棒种子的累积发芽率分别可达７８．３％ 、８５．０％ 和６６．７％ ;萌发速度：油蒿＞ 柠条＞ 花棒。根据种子库动态分析和植被调查结果可初步预测：沙坡头人工固沙植被的演替趋向将是灌木以油蒿为主,草本以雾冰藜（Ｂａｓｓｉａ ｄａｓｙｐｈｙｌｌａ）、小画眉草（Ｅｒａｇｒｏｓｔｉｓｐｏａｅｏｉｄｅｓ）为主的群落     

白苏子和荠苧子形态特征及其化学成分的研究

对白苏子和荠苧子两种种子的脂肪油、氨基酸、矿质元素等化学成分进行分析 ,结果表明 :两种种子均含有丰富的脂肪油 ,含量分别为 4 0 .18%和 2 0 .6 2 % ,其脂肪油的主要成分为 :亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等 ,其中不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为 92 .759%和 92 .990 % ,具有较高的营养价值。此外 ,还含有丰富的氨基酸和种类齐全的矿质元素。其种子形状大小、纹饰特征是两种种子鉴别的重要依据。     

不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量差异

以不同种源地四川牡丹种子为研究对象，探讨不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量差异及其与环境因子关系，并对其种子质量进行等级评定。结果表明：（1）除种子长宽比和种皮厚度外，四川牡丹种长、种宽、种子净度、千粒重、种子生活力、种子活力和种子含水量差异在不同种源地间均达到显著水平。不同种源地间的变异系数分析表明，就种子形态而言，种皮厚度变异系数最大（>10%），种宽变异系数最小（<10%）；就种子品质而言，种子活力和种子生活力变异系数较大（>10%），种子净度、种子千粒重和种子含水量变异系数较小（<10%）。（2）不同种源地四川牡丹种子质量具有明显的相关性，种长与种宽、种子长宽比、种子生活力显著相关；种宽与种子含水量、种子长宽比、千粒重、种子生活力关系显著；种子净度与含水量、千粒重关系显著；千粒重与种子含水量、种子生活力显著相关；种子生活力与种子含水量显著相关。（3）纬度、海拔、年均降雨量和年均气温是影响四川牡丹种子质量的主要环境因子。（4）主成分分析显示，种宽、种子含水量、种子生活力、种皮厚度和种子千粒重可作为种子质量等级评定的主要指标。聚类分析显示，参试的6个种源地可分为三类...     

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的桃儿七种子超低温保存条件筛选

探索适宜桃儿七（Sinopodophyllum hexandrum）种子超低温保存的条件,为桃儿七种子的长期保存提供技术支撑。以桃儿七种子为试验材料,利用硅胶干燥法、自然阴干法及浸泡法获取1.6%、9.6%、20.9%、30.5%的4种不同含水量种子,并通过直接冷冻、缓慢冷冻及玻璃化冷冻3种方式对其进行超低温保存,同时测定超低温保存前后桃儿七种子生活力及其种子内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总蛋白（TP）、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖的含量变化。研究结果发现：(1)不同含水量的桃儿七种子经3种超低温冷冻方式保存后,种子生活力均呈现不同程度的下降,但含水量为1.6%、9.6%和20.9%的桃儿七种子经缓慢冷冻后较对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;(2)4种含水量的桃儿七种子经超低温保存后,其种子内可溶性糖和总蛋白含量总体呈上升趋势,且可溶性糖含量增幅最大,而种子内淀粉含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性总体呈下降趋势,但超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性在含水量为1.6%和9.6%时降幅较小,丙二醛含量在含水量为1.6%和30.5%时呈上升趋势,而在含水量为...     

Simple approach for analysis of plasma oxo-, hydroxy- and dicarboxylic acids

Following deproteinization of plasma with organic solvents the supernatant was shaken with hexane and cation-exchange resin in an Eppendorf tube to remove fatty and amino acids and the medium was subjected to direct treatment with ethyl chloroformate under catalytic influence of pyridine. A subsequent extraction of the immediately formed ethyl esters with a drop of chloroform enabled us to subject the sample to gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. Since ketocarboxylic acids do not require a preliminary oximation the total time of sample workup and analysis takes only several minutes.     

Nucleic Acids with a Six‐Membered ‘Carbohydrate’ Mimic in the Backbone

Starting from pyranose nucleic acids, several series of modified nucleic acids with a six‐membered carbohydrate moiety (mimic) have been synthesized and analyzed over a period of 20 years, and this work is summarized here. The process starts with structural and conformational considerations, followed by synthetic efforts and a structural analysis, and ends up with a biological confirmation of the concept, demonstrating that these modified nucleic acids represent very valuable tools in chemistry and biology.     

Simultaneous determination of all-trans-, 13-cis-, 9-cis-retinoic acid and their 4-oxo-metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography

A gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique is described for the easy separation and quantification of some retinoids; all-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid and their corresponding 4-oxometabolites, in plasma. The method involved a diethyl ether-ethyl acetate (50:50, v/v) mixture extraction at pH 7 with acitretin and 13-cis-acitretin as internal standards. A Nova-Pak C₁₈ steel cartridge column was used. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) and 5% tetrahydrofuran (solvent A) and 2% aqueous acetic acid (solvent B) at 1 ml/min. The gradient composition was (only the percentages of solvent B are mentioned): I, 25% solvent B at the time of injection; II, 12% solvent B at 11 min until 30 min; III, 25% solvent B and maintenance of 25% solvent B for 10 min until a new injection. Total time between injections was 40 min. Detection was by absorbance at 350 nm. The precision calculated for plasma concentrations ranging from 2 to 250 ng/ml was better than 15% and the accuracy was less than 12%. The linearity of the method was in the range of 2 to 400 ng/ml of plasma. The limit of quantification was 2 ng/ml for each of the compounds. The HPLC method was applied to plasma specimens collected from animals receiving single dose administrations of all-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid.     

Volatile acids of sun-cured greek Nicotiana tabacum

The volatile acids of sun-cured Greek tobacco have been studied. Examination of this material by GC-MS supplemented by other spectroscopic methods and in some instances by synthesis, has permitted the identification of nearly a hundred compounds. About half of them have not been encountered previously in tobacco or tobacco smoke, and the majority of the new compounds are straight and branched-chain unsaturated acids and aromatic acids. Five of the oxygenated acids are evidently seco- or nor-terpenoids.     

Profiling the chlorogenic acids of aster by HPLC-MS(n)

Using HPLC-MS(n), 33 chlorogenic acids were identified in an aqueous-alcoholic extract of Aster ageratoides Turcz. flower buds. These were three isomers each of p-coumaroylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid and diferuloylquinic acid, and six isomers each of p-coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl-feruloylquinic acid and caffeoyl-feruloylquinic acid. Only the caffeoylquinic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids have been reported previously in Asteraceae. Three of the six p-coumaroyl-feruloylquinic acids (3-feruloyl-4-p-coumaroylquinic acid, '3-feruloyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid and 4-feruloyl-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid) have not been observed previously in nature. Cis-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid was identified at a concentration ca 25% that of the more common trans isomer. The feruloylquinic acids and diferuloylquinic acids dominated the mono- and di-acyl chlorogenic acid fractions, respectively, making this plant material a useful source of these commercially non-available substances. These 33 chlorogenic acids were not detected in the leaves or stem of A. ageratoides Turcz., or in the flower buds of A. ageratoides Turcz. var. Gerla or A. kalimeris indica (L) Sch. Bip. Only the feruloylquinic acids were detected in the root of A. ageratoides Turcz. It was not possible to detect any 1-acyl chlorogenic acids, any chlorogenic acids with a succinic acid substituent, or any chlorogenic acids based on muco-quinic acid.     

Chloroformates in gas chromatography as general purpose derivatizing agents

Chloroformates with simplest alkyls, i.e. methyl, ethyl or isobutyl, already known as favourable reagents for treating amino groups in gas chromatography for years, were revealed randomly as exceptionally rapid esterification agents. Unlike the rather poor results achieved with chloroformate-mediated ester formation in organic chemistry, the pyridine-catalyzed esterification of carboxylic acids appeared to proceed at the analytical microscale smoothly. Along with the catalyzer, an alcohol should also be present in the medium, accompanied by acetonitrile or water, according to the character of the compounds treated. Reaction conditions were optimized for various classes of carboxylic acids and a uniquely rapid derivatization of amino acids in aqueous ethanol was shown to be possible. Most of the analytes, e.g. acidic metabolites in physiological fluids, could be treated directly in the aqueous matrix. A simultaneous analysis of, e.g., amino and fatty acids or amines and their acidic catabolytes was proven to be possible. Along with the low-molecular-mass reagents, still some others, i.e. the hexyl, menthyl or pentafluorobenzyl ones, found their application fields. Results of optimized reaction conditions and a wide range of applications of chloroformate-mediated derivatization in various disciplines have been summarized in this review.     

Heterogeneous distribution of functionally important amino acids in brain areas of adult and aging humans

The regional distribution of seven amino acids thought to have inhibitory neurotransmitter or neurotransmitter precursor function—GABA, glycine, taurine, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine—was determined in 52 discrete areas from brain of adult and old humans. Significant heterogeneity was found, with 3- to 16-fold differences in levels in the various regions analyzed. The patterns of distribution were somewhat different from those in the adult or old rat brain. Relatively few changes were seen in old brain. Heterogeneity in distribution has to be taken into account in assessing physiological changes in amino acid levels and metabolism.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Claude Baxter.     

Derivatives of Aminoquinones with N-protected Amino Acids

The synthesis of derivatives of aminoquinones with N-protected amino acids is reported here. 2-Amino-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone, prepared by the azide method in yields of 60 and 95% respectively, were coupled with N-Boc-protected amino acids including glycine, serine, proline and tyrosine, to give the correspondening derivatives. N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazole or N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/HOBt used as coupling reagents provided the expected products in satisfactory yields and purities as supported by TLC, HPLC and spectral analysis.