Free-living marine Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) from the N. American Pacific coast. With remarks on species from other areas

From the N. American Pacific coast the following taxa are described: Coronopharynx pusillus Luther, Pogaina bicornk sp.n., P. paranygulgus sp.n. (Provorticidae); Brinkmanniella palmata sp.n., Tvaerminnea karlingi pucifica subsp.n. (Promesostomidae); Trigonostomum setigerum O. Schmidt, Messoplana pacifica sp.n., Ceratopera axi (Riedl), C. ehlersi sp.n., C. pilifera sp.n. (Trigonostomidae); Polycystis ali Schockaert, P. hamata sp.n. (Polycystididae). From other areas: Brinkmanniella palmata from the Skagerrak, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea; Ceratopera axi from the Falkland Islands; Polycystis ali from Galapagos Islands; Ceratopera bermudensis sp.n. from Bermuda. Polycystis ali is considered to be a polytypic species with the forms 'Somali', 'California' and 'Galapagos'. Brinkmanniella augusti Marcus and B. falklandica Westblad are considered to be species incertae sedis. Problems in penetrating the world-wide marine turbellarian fauna are discussed.     

New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria,Anthozoa)

A taxonomic assessment of four species of octocorals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean (British Columbia to California) is provided. Included here are a new species of clavulariid stolonifieran Cryptophyton, a new species of the nephtheid soft coral Gersemia, an undetermined species of soft coral in the genus Alcyonium that has been referred in the literature by several other names, and a new genus is named for a plexaurid sea fan originally described in the Indo-Pacific genus Euplexaura. Discussions are included that compare the species to related taxa, or provide revisionary assessments.     

Molecular phylogeny of Kalyptorhynchia (Rhabdocoela,Platyhelminthes) inferred from ribosomal sequence data

With 556 species described to date, Kalyptorhynchia includes about one‐third of all species of rhabdocoel flatworms. In this study, we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of this taxon. The final analysis comprises 110 species. These represent 11 of the 17 known families. The largest family (241 known species), Polycystididae, is represented by nine of 10 subfamilies and 33 of the 58 genera. Sequence data from 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA were analysed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Of the two taxa traditionally recognised within Kalyptorhynchia, Eukalyptorhynchia and Schizorhynchia, only Schizorhynchia is monophyletic. All eukalyptorhynch families, except Cicerinidae, are monophyletic. On the other hand, two of the three schizorhynch families included are not monophyletic. Within Polycystididae, the traditional taxonomy was not reflected in our phylogenetic analyses and most subfamilies are polyphyletic. These results suggest that current classification, mostly based on characters of the genital system, suffers from homoplasy. Where possible, a revised classification, taking into account these new findings, is given.     

Anatomy and Systematics of Some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic

Paraustrorhynchus gen.n., P. pacificus sp.n. (California), Antiboreorhynchus novzelae sp.n. (New Zealand) and Gyratrix proaviformis sp.n. (Oregon) are described as new taxa. Additional notes are given on Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrbg. (new localities on the N. American Pacific coast), Scanorhynchus forcipatus Karling (new locality in California), Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus) comb.n. and Alcha evelinae Marcus (new localities in California). The taxonomy of the genera and species is discussed. Viewpoints are presented on evolutionary trends and homologous atrial organs in the family Polycystididae.     

New species of Early Bajocian Megateuthididae (Belemnitida) from the Pacific coast of Russia

The belemnite rostrum from the upper Lower Bajocian of the Russian Far East that was earlier attributed to the Family Cylindroteuthididae, the species Cylindroteuthis confessa Nalnjaeva, and considered as the most ancient representative of the genus Cylindroteuthis is here placed in the family Megateuthididae. This belemnite is here described as Mesoteuthis soloniensis Nalnjaeva et Dzyuba, sp. nov. The analysis of belemnite distribution suggests that only representatives of the family Megateuthididae (genera Megateuthis, Mesoteuthis, and Paramegateuthis) inhabited the Far East seas in the Bajocian.     

Two New Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria) from the Coast of Northern New England,USA1

Cystiplana rubra sp.n. and Crassicollum musculare gen. et sp.n. are described and their taxonomy discussed. C. rubra (family Cystiplanidae Karling, 1964) is distinguished by red pigmented stripes, two pairs of cuticular pieces within the copulatory bulb, a small male atrium posterior to the copulatory bulb, and a two part atrial bulb. C. musculare is characterized by a large, unpaired prostatic vesicle with two distinct regions of secretory products, a muscular penis papilla with a small apical stylet, large muscle bolsters bracketing a glandular evagination of the genital atrium, and a large sphincter encircling the genital canal. A new family of Eukalyptorhynchia, Crassicollidae, is erected. Notes on some biological aspects of these species are included.     

Two New Rhabdocoels (Platyhelminthes) from the Peruvian Amazon Floodplain

Two new Rhabdocoel species from the Peruvian Amazonia are described: Sergia calae n. sp. (Dalyelliidae) and Mesostoma ucamara n. sp. (Typhloplanidae). Both species were captured in the Pacaya-Samiria National Park, Loreto, Peru, with plankton-nets dragged several times through the abundant littoral floating plant-community. This is the first record of micro-turbellarians in this region. The discovery of these new species in the Pacaya-Samiria National Park suggests the high diversity of this area, which up to now has remained largely unknown, increases the general knowledge of the fauna of Neotropical turbellarians.     

New taxa of compositae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil

A new genus and speciesMonogereion carajensis and a new species ofAgeratum, A. glomemtum, are described from Para, Brazil. The relationships of the new genus and species are discussed.     

国产金丝桃属(藤黄科)新植物

描述了采集于湖北巴东县的金丝桃属Hypericum L.的3个新分类群,即湖北小连翘H. hubeiense L. H. Wu &; D. P. Yang、恩施小连翘H. enshiense L. H. Wu &; F. S. Wang和长萼小连翘H. erectum Thunb. ssp. longisepalum L. H. Wu &; D. P. Yang。湖北小连翘与H. asahinae Makino相似,表现在叶无柄,基部心形抱茎,花萼和花瓣上具黑色腺条;区别在于叶近边缘腺体全为黑色,叶片上部无腺体     

New taxa of heliconia (Heliconiaceae) from Ecuador

Three new species (Heliconia fredberryana H. litana, andH. lutheri) and one new subspecies (H. obscura ssp.dichroma) from Ecuador are described, illustrated, and discussed.