对“基因和苯硫脲（PTC）味盲的关系”的教学探讨

以＂基因和苯硫脲（PTC）味盲的关系＂的教学为例,对研究性学习的教学内容和方法进行了初步探讨。针对基因和苯硫脲味盲的关系的研究,从问题的提出、假设的形成和实验所涉及的实验试剂的配制、试剂浓度、尝味方法多方面引导学生进行讨论,力图通过生物学教学中真实的科学研究过程,提高学生的生物科学素养。     

内蒙古朝鲜族和回族苯硫Be味盲基因频率

TheGeneFrequencyofTaste-blindnessforPTCofKoreanandHuiNationalitiesinInnerMongoliaLuShunhuaLiShuyuanZhengLianbinLiXiaohui(DcpartmcntofBiology,InnerMongoliaNormalUnivcrsity)(MiddleSchoolofHuiNationalityofHuhehot)我们采用Harris和Kalmus改良阈值法,对居住在内蒙古兴安盟乌兰浩特市的朝鲜族和呼和浩特市的回族中小学学生,进行了苯硫豚（PTC）味育基因频率调查．受试者共计1214人,其中朝鲜族525人,回族689人,年龄卜19岁,其父母均为同一民族．调查结果如下：1阎值分布朝鲜族和回族的＊＊c味阈分布曲线均呈…     

河北汉族青少年苯硫脲尝味能力测定与分析

目的测定河北青少年苯硫脲味盲基因频率。方法采用阂值法测定1203名汉族学生对苯硫脲的尝味敏感性。结果味盲率为4．738％,味盲基因频率为0．218,尝味基因频率为0．782。     

中国不同民族中苯硫脲味盲基因频率的研究

用阈值法对中国15个不同民族的苯硫脲味盲基因频率进行了研究,共调查了7495人。结果表明,味盲基因(t)的频率以撒拉族为最高(0.3989),其余依次为鄂温克族(0.3886),甘肃回族(0.3586),藏族(0.3521),朝鲜族(0.3445),蒙古族(0.3279),广东回族(0.3259),苗族(0.3216),东乡族(0.3206),达斡尔族(0.3193),羌族(0.3129),汉族(0.3113),鄂伦春族(0.3030),保安族(0.2953),彝族(0.2635),而以黎族的频率为最低(0.2150)。各民族间味盲百分率差异是极显著的(p<0.01),各民族总计中尝味平均阈值在男、女之间也有极显著差异(p<0.001),而男、女受试者中的味盲率则没有显著差异。     

黑龙江省汉族大学生遗传性状调查分析

调查了黑龙江省675例大学生的苯硫脲尝味能力、眼睑、卷舌、发式、发旋、额前发际、耳垂、达尔文结节、拇指端关节外展的调节类型共9对遗传性状的基因频率。结果显示6个隐性基因频率高于显性基因频率;而且黑龙江地区汉族多数遗传性状的隐性基因频率与国内其他地区汉族存在显著差异。黑龙江省汉族人群已形成各地区汉族人群的遗传结构复合体。     

藏、珞巴、汉族PTC味阈的测定

用阈执法对西藏的藏、珞巴、汉族共1012人进行了苯硫脲（PTC）味阈的测定。以3号液为味盲界限。结果表明：不同民族尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,不同民族味盲率呈显著性差异（P<0.05）;三民族总计中男女尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,藏族中男女尝味阈值差异极显著（P<0.01）,珞巴族中男女尝味阈值差异显著（P<0.05）,不同性别味盲率无显著性差异。     

湖南汉族、侗族16对遗传性状的调查

本对湖南汉族、侗族的16对遗传性状进行了调查。计算出了每对性状的出现率及除扣手和交叉臂外的14对遗传性状的基因频率,分别析了民族间和性别间的差异,同时还分析了惯用手,扣手、交叉臂之间的关系。     

福建畲族苯硫脲味盲频率的分析

我国畲族总人口约６６万,主要分布在福建、浙江等省,其中福建有３６万人,宁德地区占１７万人。我国已对２０多个民族的ＰＴＣ尝味能力进行了调查,其中包括浙江畲族〔１〕,但福建畲族未见报道。我们用阈值法〔２〕测定宁德地区民族中学学生的苯硫脲味盲频率,其中畲族...     

山西省汉族成人8项单基因遗传性状统计分析

为完善人类群体遗传学研究,分析群体遗传结构,对466名山西省汉族大学生鼻梁、酒窝、耳耵聍、鼻孔类型、惯用手、手指嵌合、叠腿、环食指长8项遗传性状进行调查。使用哈迪-温伯格定律计算基因频率,并与其他省份汉族和其他民族人群进行比较。研究表明,食指长(22.5%)和左利手(8.4%)出现频率最低;鼻梁类型(x²>10,P<0.01)、叠腿类型(x²=4.589 3,0.01相似文献   

新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族人群CaSR基因多态性与草酸钙肾结石关系的研究

目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族草酸钙结石与钙敏感受体(calcium sensitive receptor,Ca SR)基因多态性之间的关系。方法:选择398例临床确诊泌尿系草酸钙结石患者(200例维吾尔族,198例汉族)和399例正常对照者(200例维吾尔族,199例汉族),应用Sna Pshot方法对Ca SR基因两位点(rs1042636,rs1801726)的基因型及等位基因频率进行检测,并分析其与草酸钙结石发病的相关性以及对血钙、24 h尿钙水平的影响。结果:各组2个位点的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。汉族结石组与汉族对照组及维吾尔族结石族与维吾尔族对照组rs1042636、rs1801726位点基因型分布及基因频率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。维吾尔和汉族rs1042636基因型及等位基因频率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且维吾尔族人群携带rs1042636等位基因A的风险高于汉族人群(病例组中OR值=2.145,%95CI=[1.602~2.866],P0.01;对照组中OR值=1.773,%95CI=[1.332~2.359],P0.01),其中维/汉病例组中等位基因频率分别为A=278(69.5%)/204(51.5%),G=122(30.5%)/192(48.5%);维/汉对照组中等位基因频率分别为A=264(66.0%)/208(52.3%),G=136(34.0%)/190(47.7%)。而病例组和对照组rs1801726基因型频率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);汉族病例组、对照组发现GG+AG基因型较AA基因型有较高的尿钙水平(病例组:P=0.007和对照组:P=0.006),维吾尔族人群该位点与两项指标无相关性。结论:Ca SR基因2个基因位点rs1042636、rs1801726可能不是新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族草酸钙结石发病的危险因子,两族rs1042636基因多态性分布存在差异,rs1042636位点基因多态性能影响汉族人群尿钙排泄,可能汉族调节钙排泄的遗传因素之一。     

湖北汉族人群载脂蛋白A5遗传多态性分析

采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP)对257例湖北健康汉族人群APOA5 -1131T>C及56C>G基因多态性进行鉴定。结果发现: 湖北汉族人群中ApoA5 -1131T>C存在TT、TC、CC基因型, 3种基因型的频率分别为50.9%、32.9%及16.2%; 56C>G位点存在CC、CG基因型, 257名研究对象中, G等位基因分布频率小于5%; 各基因型频率和等位基因频率在不同种族和地域间分布存在显著性差异。结论: 湖北汉族人群中ApoA5基因-1131T>C位点存在单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), 56C>G在该人群中应视为一个突变位点而不是多态性位点     

赫哲族和汉族健康人群肠道细菌群落分析

目的 对汉族和赫哲族健康人群肠道菌群进行研究,探讨遗传背景和饮食习惯对肠道菌群多样性以及组成的影响.方法 以佳木斯市区20例健康汉族人群、佳木斯街津口赫哲族聚居地的20例健康赫哲族志愿者及20例健康汉族人群粪便样本为研究对象,应用基于16S rDNA V3-V4可变区的高通量测序技术测定肠道菌群多样性以及核心菌群的组成...     

Taste sensitivity to phenylthiourea (PTC) in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

The hypothesis that the distribution of thresholds of taste sensitivity to phenylthiourea (PTC) is unimodal was tested in a group of 367 rhesus monkeys. The distribution was found to be unimodal and highly skewed. The regression of taste thresholds of offspring on that of their father was 0.840±0.34. This estimate is consistent with an hypothesis of essentially no environmental influence. It was concluded that phenotypic variability at the PTC tasting locus in rhesus monkeys is almost totally determined by the non-additive influences of several genes on taste sensitivity.     

A comparison of different methods used to assess sensitivity to the taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)

Four methods for assessing sensitivity to the bitterness ofphenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) were compared.Good agreement was found among results from forcedchoice detectionthresholds, recognition thresholds, and category ratings ofsingle stimuli. Testing by means of papers impregnated withthese compounds led to a high incidence of false positive responsesfrom insensitive subjects. Phenylthiocarbamide was a slightlybetter discriminator of sensitive from insensitive subjectsthan was propythiouracil. Category ratings of the intensityof the antimodal PTC threshold concentration are a valid, reliableand efficient screening method. Relative safety in the use ofPTC and PROP is discussed.     

汉族男性血管紧张素转化酶基因I／D多态性与耐力训练敏感性的关联研究

目的:探讨耐力训练对有氧能力的影响与血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因I/D(插入/缺失)多态性的关联性,以探寻影响耐力训练敏感性的基因标记.方法:选择102名北方汉族新兵,进行18周的5 km跑训练,测定训练前后最大摄氧量(VO2max)、通气无氧阈(VT)和定量负荷时动态左心室结构与功能指标,并应用PCR-AFLP方法检测其ACE基因I/D多态.结果:耐力训练后、VO2max、VT和左心室结构与功能均发生了良好的顺应性改变; ID型和Ⅱ型的△VO2max显著高于DD型(P<0.05),△VO2max的组间差异有显著性(P<0.05),Ⅱ型的△VO2VT显著高于DD型(P<0.05).结论:Ⅰ等位基因在VO2max和VT的训练敏感性方面具有明显的遗传优势,Ⅱ基因型与VT训练敏感性有一定关联,未发现I/D多态性与左心室动态功能指标的训练敏感度之间有关联关系.     

Association between polymorphism of the cyclin E1 gene and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese Han population of Hubei

This study aimed to explore the relationship between CCNE1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP rs1406 and rs3218038) and the incidence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Chinese Han population in Hubei. A total of 663 subjects, including 173 HCC patients, 172 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 162 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC), and 156 healthy controls, participated in the study. Genotyping of CCNE1 rs1406 and rs3218038 polymorphisms was done by illumina second generation sequence method.Our findings showed that rs1406 G>T variant decreased the risk of HCC (OR 0.710, P=0.035 G vs T), and no significant differences were found between rs3218038 SNP and HCC risk using the χ² test. Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed that differences in genotype frequencies were related to gender. Women who carried the CCNE1 GT genotype were significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCC, compared with healthy controls carrying the GG genotype (additive model, OR 0.378,P=0.030).The results suggest that the rs1406 G allele and CCNE1 rs1406 polymorphism produce an increased the risk of HCC in comparison with the T allele. Whereas, the GT genotype is a protective factor in the development of HCC in female patients.     

Measurement and study of the nose and face and their correlations in the young adult of Han nationality

The measurement of 13 items in the face and nose of 220 young adults (110 males and 110 females) of the Han nationality between the ages of 18 and 21 years has been done in the Henan Province of China. The means and standard deviations have been obtained, and the significant differences in many items between males and females have been proved. Some items influencing outer nasal shape have been analyzed. The correlations between nose height, nose length, and morphologic facial height and physiognomic facial height have been discussed. The ratio and amount of nasal breadth to facial breadth and nasal breadth to interocular breadth have been compared and analyzed, and the differences among the different races and between the sexes have been explained.