黑尾近红鲌含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

测定了长江上游特有鱼类黑尾近红的含肉率及其肌肉生化成分和能值。结果表明 :黑尾近红的含肉率为 70 74 % ;其肌肉生化成分 (鲜重百分比 )水分含量为 80 97%、蛋白质 15 92 %、脂肪 1 11%、灰分 1 0 1%、无氮浸出物 0 99%、比能值 4 37kJ/g及E/P 2 7 4 5kJ/g。肌肉生化成分含量与体长变化无明显关系。肌肉中含有 17种氨基酸 ,总量为 6 9 0 7% (干重百分比 ) ;9种人体必需氨基酸总量是 34 81% ,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量比例为5 0 39% ;四种鲜味氨基酸含量为 2 6 94 % ;必需氨基酸指数 (EAAI)是 6 3 6 4。缬氨酸 ,苏氨酸和异亮氨酸为限制性氨基酸。     

五种鳗鲡的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

研究利用营养测试方法对日本鳗鲡、欧洲鳗鲡、美洲鳗鲡、花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡共5种养殖鳗鲡的含肉率及肌肉营养成分进行了分析比较。结果表明: 5种鳗鲡含肉率61.77%69.22%, 日本鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡显著高于欧洲鳗鲡和花鳗鲡 (P0.05); 水分含量为62.34%71.80%, 粗蛋白含量为11.31% 18.47%, 脂肪含量为8.62% 24.48%, 灰分含量为0.92%1.06%; 均含有18种氨基酸, 其中包括8种人体必须氨基酸, 总氨基酸含量存在差异, 鲜味氨基酸含量占37.43%38.77%, 必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为65.2574.77, 其构成比例符合FAO/ WHO的标准, 色氨酸、异亮氨基酸和缬氨酸等氨基酸为限制性氨基酸; 富含磷、钾、铁和锌等多种矿物元素, 日本鳗鲡和花鳗鲡含量最高; 均含有16种脂肪酸, 其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA) 7种, 不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)9种; 脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量较高, 分别占总量的41.92%48.27%和6.63%16.87%。研究结果表明: 5种鳗鲡的肌肉为高蛋白、鲜味氨基酸与必需氨基酸含量高的优质蛋白源; 富含磷、钾、铁、锌等矿物元素, 可作为补充人体矿物质营养的膳食来源; 脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主, 多不饱和脂肪酸和DHA比值高。因此, 5种鳗鲡具有较高的营养价值且有益人体健康, 均是优良的水产养殖种类。       

南美鲱鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养评价

测定了 6尾南美鲱鱼的含肉率及其营养成分 ,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。该鱼 (鲜样 )含肉率 83.6 5 % ;肌肉中含粗蛋白 1 7 74 % ,粗脂肪 5 2 5 % ,粗灰分 1 0 2 % ,水分 74 73% ,无氮浸出物 1 2 6 %。干物质中水解氨基酸总量 70 36 % ,其中必需氨基酸 2 7 90 % ,占氨基酸总量的 39 6 5 % ;游离氨基酸总量1 2 6 5 1 8mg 1 0 0g;必需氨基酸指数为 4 0 33;矿物质含量丰富 ,尤其是硒。认为南美鲱鱼是一种营养价值和养殖价值都比较高的淡水养殖新品种 ,具有良好的开发利用前景。     

黄鳝含肉率及氨基酸成分分析

测定了黄鳝的含肉率及其氨基酸含量 ,对其营养价值进行了评定。该鱼 (鲜样 )含肉率 75 .12 % ;水分 6 2 .9% ;肌肉粗蛋白 (g/10 0g干样 ) 74.5 6 % ;水解氨基酸总量 5 6 .11% ;其中必需氨基酸 2 0 .83% ;占氨基酸总量的 37.12 %。认为黄鳝是一种营养价值和养殖价值都比较高的淡水养殖鱼类 ,具有良好的开发利用前景。     

花和唇的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

利用国内外通用的营养测试方法测定了花(Hemibarbus maculates)和唇(Hemibarbu labeo)的含肉率和肌肉营养成分。结果表明:花和唇含肉率分别是70.61%7、1.52%;花肌肉(鲜样)中蛋白质(18.41%)和脂肪含量(2.46%)显著高于唇的,而花的灰分含量要显著低于唇;水分含量分别是78.35%、78.51%,两者无显著差异。花和唇肌肉中脂肪酸种类丰富,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)4种,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)7种;其中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)4种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)3种;其中DHA含量高达5.00%和14.32%。花和唇肌肉中的氨基酸总量分别是63.07%和67.63%,呈味氨基酸分别为25.96%和26.30%。缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为限制性氨基酸。     

红鲫实验动物含肉率及营养成分分析

目的探讨红鲫实验动物的营养需要、科学配制红鲫饲料。方法用常规方法测定红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养成分。结果红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼的含肉率为46．34％、42．35％;红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼肌肉（鲜样）中分别含水分79．11％、78．49％,粗蛋白质12．47％、14．72％,粗脂肪6．95％、4．37％,粗灰分1．01％、1．41％,无氮浸出物0．47％、1．07％,能量5．65kJ／g、5．24kJ／g,其E／P值（能量蛋白比）为45．32kJ／g、35．69kJ／g。结论红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼含肉率、肌肉营养成分有一定差异。     

丁(鱼岁)的含肉率及其营养价值的分析

报道了丁Gui的含肉率及鱼肉生化成分,并对其营养价值做了综合评价。丁Gui含肉率达73.59％,鱼肉蛋白质含量为19．73％,脂肪含量为1．29％。17种氨基酸总含量为18．13％,其中7种必需氨基酸总量为7．04％。丁Gui肌肉所含人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比高于WHO／FAO提出的标准。必需氨基酸指数为74．38。     

瓣结鱼含肉率及肌肉脂肪酸、矿质元素的分析

本文测定和分析了瓣结鱼的含肉率及肌肉中脂肪酸和矿质元素组成。结果表明,瓣结鱼平均含肉率为66．91％。瓣结鱼肌肉中共有14种脂肪酸。其中饱和脂肪酸为5种,平均质量分数为39．49％;不饱和脂肪酸有9种,质量分数平均值为58．83％。瓣结鱼肌肉9种矿质元素中,钙等常量元素的平均含量在116．35mg／100g～1313．33mg／100g之间,而铜等微量元素含量的平均值则在0．19mg／100g～5．20mg／100g之间。瓣结鱼肌肉平均钙磷比为1：4．31。相关分析表明,瓣结鱼的含肉率及肌肉中脂肪酸和矿质元素随其生长变化显著。t-检验表明,瓣结龟肌肉中脂肪酸和矿质元素在清水江标本和都柳江标本之间存在着显著性差异。     

厚颌鲂含肉率及生化成分的分析

研究了长江上游特有鱼类厚颌鲂的含肉率及其肌肉生化成分和能值。结果表明 :厚颌鲂的含肉率为72 72 % ;其肌肉生化成分 (鲜重百分比 ) :水分含量为 79 2 6%、蛋白质 16 82 %、脂肪 2 10 %、灰分 1 0 8%、无氮浸出物 0 73 %、比能值 4 93KJ/g及E/P2 9 3 3KJ/g。肌肉生化成分含量与体长变化无明显关系。经单因素方差分析 5— 6月份样品与 10月份样品在脂肪和无氮浸出物含量上有显著差异 (P <0 0 5)。肌肉中含有 17种氨基酸 ,总量为69 54% (干重百分比 ) ;9种人体必需氨基酸总量是 3 3 0 7% ,占氨基酸总量比例为 47 55% ;必需氨基酸指数 (EAAI)是 61 75。缬氨酸和异亮氨酸为限制性氨基酸 ;四种鲜味氨基酸含量为 5 85% (鲜重百分比 )。     

花鱼骨 和唇鱼骨 的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

利用国内外通用的营养测试方法测定了花[鱼骨]（Hemibarbus maculates）和唇[鱼骨]（Hemibarbu labeo）的含肉率和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：花[鱼骨]和唇[鱼骨]含肉率分别是70.61%7、1.52%;花[鱼骨]肌肉（鲜样）中蛋白质（18.41%）和脂肪含量（2.46%）显著高于唇[鱼骨]的,而花[鱼骨]的灰分含量要显著低于唇[鱼骨];水分含量分别是78.35%、78.51%,两者无显著差异。花[鱼骨]和唇[鱼骨]肌肉中脂肪酸种类丰富,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）4种,不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）7种;其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）4种,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）3种;其中DHA含量高达5.00%和14.32%。花和唇肌肉中的氨基酸总量分别是63.07%和67.63%,呈味氨基酸分别为25.96%和26.30%。缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为限制性氨基酸。     

长江上游四种特有鱼类肌肉营养组成与评价

圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、长薄鳅(Leptobotia elonga-ta)、长鳍吻(Rhinogobio ventralis)、圆筒吻(Rhinogobiocylindricus)主要分布于长江上游的干支流水系,是长江上游的特有种类,具有较高的经济价值[1]。近年来,由于水域污染、过度捕捞以及生境破碎化等因素,其资源量和渔获量不断下降,渔获规格越来越小,甚至物种生存亦受到威胁,但其市场需求却在不断增加,因此,许多学者在4种鱼类资源保护、人工繁殖和生物学等方面进行了大量的研究[2]。但是,迄今为止有关其鱼体的营养成分尚无系统的研究报道。本文对上述四种鱼类肌肉的基本营养成分…     

1龄黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分及品质特性分析

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Influence of thermal and nutritional acclimatization on body temperatures and metabolic rate

1. An investigation of the influence of previous thermal and nutritional experience on body temperatures and metabolic rate has been carried out with growing piglets. Littermates were kept, from shortly after birth, at either 10 or 35 degrees C and fed either a high (H) or a low (L) energy intake. At 8 weeks of age the animals were exposed to a series of environmental temperatures of 10, 20, 27 and 35 degrees C for 1.5 hr and their rates of oxygen consumption were determined over the last 45 min. At the end of the session body temperatures were measured. 2. Rectal temperatures measured 24 hr after the start of the last meal were higher at each test temperature in piglets which had been living at 35 degrees C than in those at 10 degrees C. Also, rectal temperatures were higher in those on the H intake for animals which had been living in either the hot or the cold environment. 3. Skin temperature on the back was similar in all groups at any given test temperature although there was a tendency for those on an H intake to have the higher temperatures. Skin temperatures of the legs and ears were higher in the 10H and 10L groups than in the 35H or 35L groups at all the test environmental temperatures; energy intake had little effect. 4. Metabolic rate was greater for the animals on the H than the L intake, for those which had been living at either 10 or 35 degrees C at all the test environmental temperatures. The analysis did not reveal any significant difference related to the overall effect of living temperature, which was independent of energy intake. 5. At thermal neutrality (27 degrees C) there was a significant interaction, between energy intake and normal living temperature, on metabolic rate. Living temperature was found to modify the effect of intake: the difference between the two intakes was greater in those from the cold environment than from the hot.     

The relationship of creatine kinase variability with body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric muscle contractions

[Purpose]

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between CK variability and body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric exercise.

[Methods]

Total 119 healthy male subjects were recruited to perform 50 eccentric contractions consisted of 2 sets of 25 contractions. Then, blood creatine kinase (CK) activity was analyzed to divide into three groups based on their CK activity levels. Maximum isometric strength (MIS), muscle soreness (SOR) and body composition data were obtained before and after exercise.

[Results]

The results showed that high CK responders had a significant decrease in MIS (p<0.001) and greater SOR (p<0.01) following eccentric exercise compared to low CK responders. Percent body fat was also higher in high responders compared to low responders (p=0.014). Peak CK activity was significantly correlated with MIS and SOR but no correlation with % body fat, muscle mass, and body mass index.

[Conclusion]

CK variability following eccentric exercise is closely related to MIS and SOR and % body fat may be a potent factor for CK variability.