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1.
黑龙江省野生秋子梨群体遗传结构的荧光AFLP分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以来自黑龙江省海林市、东宁县和孙吴县3个居群的90个野生秋子梨株系为试材,利用荧光AFLP标记技术对野生秋子梨群体遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析,旨在为野生秋子梨种质资源的保护和利用提供科学依据。结果表明:野生秋子梨3个居群种群水平多态性位点百分比(P)为82.95%,Nei’s基因多样度(H)为0.1467,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.2397,野生秋子梨遗传多样性水平较低;3个居群的多态性位点百分比、基因多样度及Shannon信息指数比较,东宁居群>海林居群>孙吴居群,居群水平上东宁居群的遗传多样性较丰富;基因分化系数(GST=0.1008)显示,野生秋子梨的遗传变异主要发生在居群内;野生秋子梨居群间存在较大的基因流动(Nm=4.4603),说明3个野生秋子梨居群间存在着较频繁的基因交流;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,3个居群是相对独立的孟德尔群体,且海林居群和东宁居群的遗传关系较近。3个居群中东宁居群遗传多样性最丰富,是进行原生境保护优先考虑的居群。  相似文献   

2.
桃不同类群的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的RAPD分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
采用RAPD技术,利用从200个随机引物筛选的22个十碱基引物对桃10个类群180个样品的DNA进行扩增,得到180个位点。通过对所得的数据统计分析,在类群的遗传多样度上表现为:黄肉桃类>蜜桃类>蟠桃类>红叶桃类>硬肉桃类>碧桃类>水蜜桃类>油桃类>寿星桃类>垂枝桃类。在180个位点中检验出多样度范围在0.4以上的位点分布在桃总群体中的有37个,而在桃类群间的则有13个。聚类分析的结果是:桃食用栽培品种的类群聚为一组;其它非食用桃类群各为一组。对桃类群的遗传多样性及其结构分析,为桃的品种资源保存和利用提供分子生物学依据。  相似文献   

3.
哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)是我国珍稀的土著冷水性鱼类,目前已处于濒危状态.为了解哲罗鱼的种群遗传多样性和遗传结构,该研究利用20对微卫星标记对9个野生哲罗鱼群体进行了分析.结果表明:9个哲罗鱼群体的观测杂合度在0.0994~0.8882,期望杂合度在0.2005~0.8759,PIC指数在0.3432~0.5261,其中呼玛河群体的遗传多样性较低.群体间的Fst在0.0246~0.2333 (P<0.0001),Nm在0.8216~9.9292,群体间遗传分化较明显,基因交流少;群体的同胞系比例在27.78%~90.91%,说明近交压力较大,可能经历过遗传瓶颈或存在这样的风险.AMOVA分析表明,群体间各基因座遗传分化系数的均值为0.1081;聚类分析结果显示北极江段群体独立为一支,呼玛河群体与乌苏里江各群体聚为一支,黑龙江中上游各群体聚为一支.这些结果表明,哲罗鱼资源量的减少已经影响了群体间的基因交流.应杜绝对哲罗鱼资源破坏性捕捞,同时加强群体间基因交流,以期达到全面保护哲罗鱼种质资源的目的.  相似文献   

4.
基于10对EST-SSR引物,对中国8个省29个居群的261份野生刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)进行毛细管电泳检测,探究其遗传多样性,并进行聚类分析。结果显示,共扩增出了95个等位基因,位点多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.568;群体水平上,平均等位基因数(NA)和有效等位基因数(NE)分别为3.131和2.331,平均观测杂合度(HO)和预期杂合度(HE)分别为0.508和0.488,平均Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.858,表明野生刺梨种质具有较高的遗传多样性水平。群体遗传分化分析结果显示,平均遗传分化系数(FST)为0.067,基因流(Nm)为4.511,说明刺梨群体间基因流动较频繁。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明刺梨的遗传变异主要来源于居群内(93.64%)。各居群间的Nei氏标准遗传距离范围为0.054~1.269,平均值为0.657,与地理距离表现为显著相关(r=0.467,P<0.000 1)。聚类分析和PCA结果均将29个居群分为3个分支。研究结果说明中国野生刺梨资源核心分布区在我国西南地区。  相似文献   

5.
内蒙古西伯利亚杏群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用27对SSR分子标记对内蒙古地区13个西伯利亚杏群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,评价其遗传多样性水平和分化程度,为内蒙古西伯利亚杏资源的合理保护与利用提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)27对SSR引物共检测到512个等位基因(Na),各位点平均等位基因数(Na)和多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为19和0.84;物种水平上Shannons信息指数(I)和期望杂合度(He)分别为2.25和0.73。(2)群体水平上的等位基因(Na)、有效等位基因(Ne)、Shannons信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(He)和观察杂合度(Ho)分别为6.95、4.48、1.60、0.76和0.56;其中科左后旗群体遗传多样性最丰富,克什克腾旗群体遗传多样性最低。(3)基于F统计量分析的遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.12,基因流(Nm)为1.86;分子方差分析显示内蒙古西伯利亚杏群体大部分遗传变异来自群体内(92%),群体间的遗传变异仅占8%。(4)内蒙古西伯利亚杏群体遗传距离为0.04~0.67,遗传相似度为0.33~0.83;遗传相似度的聚类分析、遗传距离的主坐标分析和遗传结构分析(Structure)均将供试13个群体划分为4组。Mantel检测显示,内蒙古西伯利亚杏群体遗传距离与地理距离呈显著相关关系(r=0.453,P0.01)。研究表明,内蒙古西伯利亚杏资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,这一特性与其群体的大小、悠久的演化历史以及自身生物学特性相关;内蒙古西伯利亚杏群体间存在中等程度的遗传分化,这可能源于自然地理隔离以及近期人类活动引起的生境片段化。  相似文献   

6.
野生杏和栽培杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用SSR分子标记结合荧光毛细管电泳检测技术,研究了野生杏和栽培杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构,结果显示:27个SSR位点,平均每个位点检测到17.82个等位基因(Na)和7.44个有效等位基因(Ne),平均Shannon's信息指数(I)为2.23,平均期望杂合度(He)和观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.70和0.52。基于SSR位点,群体水平上平均等位基因数、有效等位基因数、期望杂合度、观察杂合度和Shannon's信息指数分别为6.59、4.15、0.70、0.53和1.50,说明我国杏种质资源遗传多样性丰富,其中野生杏资源遗传多样性明显高于栽培杏资源,野生杏中西伯利亚杏种质遗传多样性最高且具有较多的特异等位基因,而栽培杏中仁用杏遗传多样性最低,特有等位基因较少。聚类分析将供试159份种质分为4组。群体遗传结构分析将159份种质划分为5个类群,分类情况与传统形态指标划分基本一致。通过本研究可知,我国杏资源遗传多样性丰富,遗传结构较为复杂;西伯利亚杏与栽培杏亲缘关系较远;野生普通杏与栽培杏具有类似的遗传结构,推测野生普通杏为栽培杏原始种;仁用杏遗传多样性较低,遗传背景狭窄。本研究结果可为杏资源新品种选育及持续利用提供重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
云南野生小蜜蜂群体SSR遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】小蜜蜂Apis florea是蜜蜂属野生种类之一,在我国主要分布于西南部。对于小蜜蜂的研究我国多集中在形态方面,遗传多样性的研究较少。本文旨在阐明云南地区小蜜蜂的群体遗传特征,评价其遗传多样性。【方法】本研究利用14对微卫星引物对采自云南省的13群野生小蜜蜂进行了群体遗传变异检测和遗传多样性分析。【结果】在小蜜蜂群体中共检测到53个等位基因,平均等位基因数为3.7857,平均有效等位基因数2.9420,平均期望杂合度和表观杂合度分别为0.5708和0.2184,平均多态信息含量为0.5300。根据Nei’s遗传距离用UPGMA方法对13群小蜜蜂进行亲缘关系分析,结果 13群野生小蜜蜂先分出红河(HH),再分出缅甸(MD)和普洱(PE),最后所有的西双版纳的聚在一起。【结论】说明同一地区的小蜜蜂的遗传距离相对不同地区的较近。  相似文献   

8.
华中樱是原产于我国的野生樱花,湖南省是其主要分布区域,开展湖南省华中樱遗传多样性研究,可为种质资源保护及开发利用奠定基础。通过对核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS,internal transcribed spacer)序列进行PCR扩增和测序,应用遗传学软件分析了湖南省10个华中樱群体207份个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明,湖南省华中樱的总体核苷酸多样性为0.0056,单倍型多样性为0.763,207份种质资源可分为14个单倍型,其中来自怀化市中方县的群体遗传多样性最高,其次是来自衡阳市南岳区的群体,来自郴州市苏仙区的群体的遗传多样性最低。分子方差分析(AMOVA,analysis of molecular variance)结果表明,60%的遗传变异存在于华中樱群体间,40%存在于群体内,大部分群体之间存在较大的遗传分化,其中来自常德市石门县和来自郴州市苏仙区的群体的遗传分化指数高达0.96571。中性检验结果表明,Tajima′s D(1.02121)和Fu and Li′s D(1.07527)均为正值,但统计检验不显著(P>0.10);错配分布分析结果显示,错配分布呈双...  相似文献   

9.
该研究采用CTAB法提取云杉矮槲寄生(Arceuthobium sichuanense)的基因组DNA,利用ITS1片段的序列信息对中国9个不同地理群体的62份云杉矮槲寄生样本的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:(1)62条ITS1序列共定义16个单倍型(H1~H16),表现出较低的遗传多样性水平(h=0.678 5,π=0.005 9),而群体间的遗传多样性水平则表现出较大差异(h=0~1.000 0,π=0~0.009 4);AMOVA分析显示云杉矮槲寄生群体内的遗传变异占到51.37%,群体间为48.63%。(2)Network单倍型网络分析表明,单倍型H1和H12较为古老,且所有群体对2种单倍型无共享现象;单倍型H1是广布单倍型,存在于青海和甘肃的6个群体中,单倍型H12仅在四川的2个群体中有分布。(3)基于最大似然法(ML)构建的群体聚类和中介邻接法构建的单倍型网络图均显示,四川的3个群体为独立类群,区别于青海、甘肃群体,且甘肃和青海的群体之间没有明显分化。该研究首次报道了云杉矮槲寄生遗传多样性和遗传结构,为进一步研究其进化及后续的病害防控提供了一定的参考。  相似文献   

10.
白皮松天然群体遗传结构的地理变异分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨白皮松天然群体遗传结构在地理分布上的差异,利用7对SSR引物对5个白皮松分布区域的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明:7对SSR引物在5个区域内476个单株中共检测到14个多态性位点。各区域间观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon’s 信息指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、Nei’s期望杂合度(Nei’s)分别介于1.7143~2.1429、1.1942~1.571、0.1948~0.4954、0.1726~0.3116、0.1178~0.3325、0.1172~0.3307之间。白皮松遗传多样性水平总体较低,区域间差异较大;遗传多样性水平最高的区域为秦岭西侧群体,其次为大巴山区群体;太行山与吕梁山群体多样性水平相对较低。区域间的遗传分化系数Fst介于0.0138~0.2242之间,基因流Nm介于0.865~17.8646之间。遗传分化较大、基因流水平较低的区域均发生在秦岭西侧及其与其他区域之间。各区域间遗传相似系数在0.8416~0.9964之间,遗传相似度最高的群体为太行山与吕梁山区域,遗传距离最大的为太行山与秦岭西侧区域。白皮松多样性分布的中心主要存在于秦岭西侧和大巴山区域,因此应对该区域进行重点保护。  相似文献   

11.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of two carabid beetle species were examined in woodlands along rural–urban gradients in two cities (Brussels, Belgium, and Birmingham, UK), based on allozymes, studied in more than 1000 beetles. Compared to Abax ater, Pterostichus madidus showed higher levels of genetic diversity but lower genetic differentiation, probably because of its ability to survive in non-forest habitats. Higher genetic diversity in both species was observed in Brussels as compared to Birmingham. However, genetic differentiation among sites was higher in Birmingham corresponding to the more extreme degree of fragmentation and isolation between the Birmingham woodlands. The isolation-by-distance model did not explain genetic differentiation among sites within the two regions. Gene diversity in P. madidus Birmingham populations was higher in smaller urban forests with a small perimeter. A similar absence of genetic erosion in smaller and more highly modified (urban) populations was also obtained for A. ater populations from Brussels, with a higher genetic diversity in sites closer to woodland edges. This unexpected result is hypothesised to be the result of an adaptive increase of genetic diversity in more heterogeneous landscapes, closer to woodland edges and in smaller and more perturbed forests.  相似文献   

12.
    
We assessed the effects of long-term habitat fragmentation on genetic (random amplified polymorphic DNA) diversity in 11 Peromyscus maniculatus populations in the Lake Superior watershed. We analysed genetic structure at two spatial scales and the effect of island size and isolation on genetic diversity. At the regional scale, island populations differed from mainland populations (FST = 0.36), but mainland populations did not differ from each other (FST = 0.01). At the local scale, populations of the main island of Isle Royale differed from adjacent islet populations (P < 0.001; Monte Carlo approximation of Fisher's exact test), but not from each other (combined P = 0.63). Although geographical distance and genetic distance were positively correlated (P < 0.01; Mantel test), cluster analysis revealed some inconsistencies. Finally, genetic diversity was inversely related to isolation (P = 0.01), but had an unexpectedly negative relationship with island area (P = 0.03). The genetic structure of P. maniculatus populations in portions of the Lake Superior watershed appears to have been affected by long-term habitat fragmentation.  相似文献   

13.
濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)目前仅零散分布于我国亚热带及越南北部地区, 残存居群生境片断化较为严重。研究濒危植物片断化居群的遗传多样性及小尺度空间遗传结构(spatial genetic structure)有助于了解物种的生态进化过程以及制定相关的保育策略。本研究采用13对微卫星引物, 对鹅掌楸的1个片断化居群进行了遗传多样性及空间遗传结构的研究, 旨在揭示生境片断化条件下鹅掌楸的遗传多样性及基因流状况。研究结果表明: 鹅掌楸烂木山居群内不同生境斑块及不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性水平差异不显著(P>0.05), 居群内存在寨内和山林2个遗传分化明显的亚居群。烂木山居群个体在200 m以内呈现显著的空间遗传结构, 而2个亚居群内的个体仅在20 m的距离范围内存在微弱或不显著的空间遗传结构。鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构强度较低(Sp = 0.0090), 且寨内亚居群的空间遗传结构强度(Sp = 0.0067)要高于山林亚居群(Sp = 0.0053)。鹅掌楸以异交为主, 种子较轻且具翅, 借助风力传播, 在一定程度上降低了空间遗传结构的强度。此外, 居群内个体密度及生境特征也对鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构产生了一定影响。该居群出现显著的杂合子缺失, 近交系数(FIS)为0.099 (P < 0.01), 表明生境片断化的遗传效应正逐渐显现。因此, 对鹅掌楸的就地保护应注意维护与强化生境的连续性, 促进基因交流。迁地保护时, 取样距离应不小于20 m, 以涵盖足够多的遗传变异。  相似文献   

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15.
长江师范学院校园夏季鸟类群落与多样性分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
2008年3~7月采用样线法对长江师范学院李渡校园鸟类组成和种群数量进行了调查,共记录鸟类6目21科28种,数量1633只,物种多样性指数为3.9204,均匀性指数为1.1765,其中国家“三有”名录鸟类25种,CITES名录鸟类1种。鸟类区系以东洋界成分为主。对不同生境鸟类多样性的分析结果表明:(1)乔灌林鸟类多样性指数和均匀性指数最高,水域鸟类多样性指数最低,建筑区均匀性指数最低;(2)乔灌林与竹林的相似性指数最高,竹林与水域的相似性最低。  相似文献   

16.
Spatial and temporal genetic structures were examined across sites on islands and mainland (continuous forest) populations of an epiphytic orchid, Catasetum viridiflavum, using 17 polymorphic allozyme loci. I tested whether patches on islands or at mainland sites comprised small local populations or a large population. Low among population differentiation was observed across the landscape suggesting that the species-specific pollinator and tiny wind-dispersed seeds maintain interconnections among distant patches. Temporal genetic structure among stage classes, and among breeding individuals are important components of the maintenance of genetic variation in this orchid. The natural history of this species including small breeding populations, probable high frequency of mating among relatives, and the high rates of seed movement among sites contribute to the high FIS. These data show that physically isolated patches in this epiphytic orchid comprise a single larger genetic population, which is independent of the physical distances among sites. Although quite different in ecological and life history characteristics, the genetic structure of this orchid demonstrates a pattern similar to temperate and tropical trees in fragmented landscapes.  相似文献   

17.
    
In the present study, we report an investigation on molecular variation in the endangered univoltine butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775), a species heavily affected by habitat degradation and fragmentation in Denmark. Levels of genetic variation in extant populations were estimated using six variable number tandem repeat loci and were found to be low compared to other butterfly species with low migration rates. An analysis of genetic structure, based on both allele frequencies and genotype distributions, divided the entire sample into four distinct clusters. This was partially concordant with the a priori subdivision based on collection areas. An overall FST value of 0.16 (pairwise values ranging from 0.087–0.276) indicated restrictions of gene flow. Especially two populations had higher FST values than the others, suggesting their isolation, and showed signs of bottlenecks/founder events. One population deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting a possible Wahlund effect or the presence of null alleles. The results suggest habitat fragmentation, resulting in genetic drift and possibly inbreeding. Future management is therefore recommended to increase gene flow between the remaining populations while habitats are restored in order to increase carrying capacity. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95 , 677–687.  相似文献   

18.
    
The complex history of the Mediterranean region illustrates how ancient and recent phenomena are closely associated with species distribution and the creation of phylogeographic divisions within Mediterranean flora. A good model to explore the genetic consequences of fragmentation can be found in Centaurea cineraria and its close relatives. We applied simple sequence repeat molecular markers to a dense population sampling throughout the distribution area of all C. cineraria taxa to study how fragmentation has altered the genetic structure and distribution of C. cineraria. The average gene diversity (He) was 0.286, and the average allelic richness (Ar) was 3.65 and ranged from 2.15 (C. gymnocarpa) to 5.25 (C. busambarensis). The FIS averaged a relatively high 0.223, ranging from ? 0.724 in C. aeolica subsp. aeolica to 0.589 in C. leucadea. Our results indicate that habitat fragmentation over several generations reduced heterozygosity due to random genetic drift in populations of C. cineraria. This heterozygosity erosion becomes more severe when the inbreeding coefficient is positive and the outcrossing rates show a significant increase. The results observed for outcrossing rates and inbreeding coefficient could also indirectly support the possibility of disrupted gene flow or mating pattern changes in fragmented C. cineraria populations.  相似文献   

19.
Numbers and sizes of populations of the European tree frog in The Netherlands have dramatically decreased in the second half of the last century due to extensive habitat destruction and fragmentation. We have studied the genetic structure of a slowly recovering meta-population. Strong genetic differentiation, estimated at eight microsatellite loci, was found between clusters of populations (F st-values above 0.2). Within clusters, consisting of ponds within a radius of about 5 km, European tree frog populations were less differentiated (F st<0.08) and exact tests showed that most of the ponds within clusters were not significantly differentiated. Although local population sizes have been increasing since 1989, and some new ponds have been colonised in the direct vicinity of ponds that have been populated continuously, little evidence for gene flow between clusters of ponds was found (only one exception). Furthermore, levels of genetic diversity were low compared to populations in comparable areas elsewhere in Europe. Therefore, a continuous conservation effort is needed to prevent any further loss of genetic diversity. The alleviation of important barriers to dispersal between the clusters should be given a high priority for the restoration of the meta-population as a whole.  相似文献   

20.
    
Size and isolation of local populations are main parameters of interest when assessing the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation. However, their relative influence on the genetic erosion of local populations remains unclear. In this study, we first analysed how size and isolation of habitat patches influence the genetic variation of local populations of the Dupont's lark (Chersophilus duponti), an endangered songbird. An information‐theoretic approach to model selection allowed us to address the importance of interactions between habitat variables, an aspect seldom considered in fragmentation studies, but which explained up to 65% of the variance in genetic parameters. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were influenced by the size of local populations depending on their degree of isolation, and genetic differentiation was positively related to isolation. We then identified a minimum local population of 19 male territories and a maximum distance of 30 km to the nearest population as thresholds from which genetic erosion becomes apparent. Our results alert on possibly misleading conclusions and suboptimal management recommendations when only additive effects are taken into account and encourage the use of most explanatory but easy‐to‐measure variables for the evaluation of genetic risks in conservation programmes.  相似文献   

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