中国的球盖菇科(二)球盖菇属

通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的132份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国球盖菇属[Stropharia(Fr.)Qulet]真菌14种(包括变种、变型),其中包括1个拟定新种,即黄囊球盖菇[Stropharia chrysocystidia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];1个新变种,即蚯蚓铜绿球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet var.earthwormia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];2个中国新记录种,即偏孢孔球盖菇[Stropharia dorsiporaEsteve-Rav.&Barrasa]和盐碱球盖菇[Stropharia halophila Pacioni];四川省新记录种1个,即亮白球盖菇[Stropharia albonitens(Fr.)Qulet];吉林省新记录变型1个,即浅黄皱环球盖菇[Stropharia ru-gosoannulataf.luteaHongo];云南和西藏新记录变型1个,即黄褐球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet f.brunneola Hongo]。对已知种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,编写了分种检索表,对每个种的担孢子进行了扫描电子显微镜观察。     

中国西南乳菇属乳菇亚属的七个新种（英文）

报道了乳菇属乳菇亚属的7个新种。它们为中国西南地区亚热带-热带或亚高山带森林下具代表性的乳菇物种。窄环乳菇Lactarius angustizonatus、淡环纹乳菇L.pallidizonatus、淡黄褐乳菇L.pallido-ochraceus和中华环纹乳菇L.sinozonarius属于环纹乳菇亚组L.subsect.Zonarii,近短柄乳菇L.subbrevipes属于窝柄黄乳菇亚组L.subsect.Scrobiculati,紫栗色乳菇L.purpureocastaneus归属于淡白乳菇组L.sect.Pallidini。短囊体乳菇L.brachycystidiatus以其干燥具鳞片的菌盖和较粗的盖表皮菌丝暂被置于具色乳菇组L.sect.Colorati。文中提供了这7个种的外观和显微特征描述、与其相近种的形态对比和ITS序列。     

中国的球盖菇科(一)鳞伞属

通过对中科院微生物研究所真菌与地衣开放实验室标本馆(HMAS)、昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)、广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)的443份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,报道了中国鳞伞属真菌31种和2变种,其中包括1新变种,即白小圈齿鳞伞凸顶变种[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.var.conicaTolgor];1中国新记录种,即黄褶鳞伞[Pholiota luteofolia(Pk.)Sacc.]和10省级新记录种,即多脂鳞伞[Pholiota adiposa(Fr.)Kumm.](广东)、白小圈齿鳞伞[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.](黑龙江)、少鳞黄鳞伞[Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.](黑龙江)、黄褐鳞伞[Pholiota fulvella(Pk.)Smithet Hesl.](内蒙古)、地生鳞伞[Pholiota highlandensis(Pk.)Smith et Hesl.](云南)、黏皮鳞伞[Pholiota lubrica(Fr.)Sing.](四川)、毛腿鳞伞[Pholiota mutabilis(Fr.)Kumm.](四川)、多脂翘鳞伞(Pholiota squarroso-adiposaLange)(黑龙江)、亚苦鳞伞[Pholiota subamaraSmith et Hesl.)(广东)、地毛柄鳞伞[Pholiota terrigena(Fr.)Karst.](内蒙古)。对每个种进行了详尽的形态学描述并提供显微线条图,编写了中国鳞伞属分亚属和分种检索表。将库恩菇属(KuehneromycesSing.et Smith)和火菇属[Flammula(Fr.)Kumm.]并入鳞伞属中。将Gymnopilus luteofolius(Pk.)Sing.和刺毛暗皮伞[Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus(Pk.)Sing.]放入鳞伞属中进行讨论;认为应将金毛鳞伞[Pholiotaaurivella(Fr.)Kumm.]、多脂翘鳞伞和地毛柄鳞伞作为独立的种处理;将Pholiota malicola(Kauff.)Smith作为Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.的同物异名;将皱盖鳞伞[Pholiota rugosa(Pk.)sing.]划入微鳞伞属(PholiotinaFayod)属中。并讨论了鳞伞属与相关的属之间形态学差异,列出了存疑种的名录。     

中国热带和亚热带地区乳菇属的5个新种及1个新记录种

通过形态学比较和对ITS-nrDNA序列的分析,本文描述了产自我国热带及亚热带地区乳菇属的5个新种和1个中国新记录种。新种缘囊体乳菇Lactarius cheilocystidiatus和多囊体乳菇L. polycystis由于具有真正的囊状体而与变红乳菇亚属L. subg. Plinthogalus的绝大多数种相异,它们与泰国的L. crassiusculus关系密切。新种粘果乳菇L. gloeocarpus和多见乳菇L. vulgaris是乳菇亚属L. subg. Lactarius的新成员,其典型特征为淡黄色胶粘菌盖、孢子具网状纹饰和较大的囊状体,它们与原初描述自中国的淡黄褐乳菇L. pallido-ochraceus、淡环纹乳菇L. pallidizonatus以及印度的L. thindii形成种复合群。新种湖南乳菇L. hunanensis与温带物种具有较强的亲缘关系,它的典型特征为粘不规则交织型的盖表皮中具橄榄色被壳物质以及具斑马纹纹饰的孢子,属L. blennius种复合群。南方窝柄黄乳菇L. austroscrobiculatus原初描述自印度尼西亚,具有强烈的热带性质,这是在中国首次发现该种。本研究的标本采集自安徽、海南、河南、湖南、江西和云南。这些物种是中国-日本森林植物亚区的代表性乳菇类真菌。     

中国的球盖菇科(三)沿丝伞属

通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的105份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国沿丝伞属(NaematolomaP.Karsten)真菌6种,其中1个拟定新种,即圆盘沿丝伞(拟)(Naematoloma discodium Meng T.X.et Tolgor);1个中国新记录种,即亚绿沿丝伞[Naematolo-ma subviride(Berk.&Curt.)Smith A.H.];内蒙古、吉林、江西、西藏新记录种烟色沿丝伞[Naematoloma capnoides(Fr.)P.Karsten]和内蒙古、四川新记录种亚砖红沿丝伞[Naematoloma sublateritium(Fr.)P.Karsten]。     

关于中国角蟾属物种属称订正的建议(无尾目,角蟾科)

简要介绍了角蟾属和异角蟾属的研究历史;通过比较两属的形态学特征,并结合骨骼细胞核型资料和分子系统学的研究结果,证实异角蟾属为有效属;建议将我国的原角蟾属物种归入异角蟾属.     

基于部分线粒体DNA序列的疣螈属亚属(有尾目,蝾螈科,疣螈属)系统发育关系

对疣螈属Yaotriton亚属5个已知物种23个个体的mtDNA序列数据(ND2、tRNATrp、tRNAAla、tRNAAsn、tRNACys和tRNA Tyr,1421bp),使用贝叶斯(BI)和最大似然(M P)方法重建了疣螈属Yaotriton的系统发育关系。结果表明:1)Yaotriton亚属的所有物种形成1个单元群;2)海南疣螈T.hainanensis是Yaotriton亚属的1有效物种,不是细痣疣螈T.asperrimus的同物异名;3)文县疣螈T.wenxianensis雷山种群应是细痣疣螈的地理种群,细痣疣螈绥阳种群应是文县疣螈的地理种群;4)6个文县疣螈地理种群和3个细痣疣螈地理种群分别形成单系群,文县疣螈是Yaotriton亚属的1有效物种。     

中国巨刺螨属一新种和雷氏巨刺螨的重新描述(中气门目,巨刺螨科)(英文)

记述了采自广西的扁颅蝠Tylonycteris robustula(Thomas,1915)体表的寄生革螨1新种:拟雷氏巨刺螨Macronyssus pararadovskyi Tian,Jin et Zhang,sp.nov..新种与雷氏巨刺螨Macronyssus radovskyi(Domrow,1963)近似,二者的区别在于:新种背毛有27对,具有Z3;雌螨生殖腹板具有3根副毛,或部分标本为1根副毛在板的末端,另1对副毛位于板外;雄螨胸生殖腹板上具有4对胸毛和20根腹毛.而雷氏巨刺螨背毛有26对,不具有Z3.雌螨生殖腹板不具有副毛,即副毛均不在生殖腹板上;雄螨胸生殖腹板上具有4对胸毛和18根腹毛.另外,依据采自广西褐扁颅蝠Tylonycterispachypus(Temminck,1840)体表的标本,对雷氏巨刺螨Macronyssus radovskyi(Domrow,1963)的雌、雄螨成体和第1若螨进行了重新描述.所有标本均保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所标本馆.     

Three new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae,Russulales) from Northeast China

Three new species of Lactarius are described from Northeast China, based on morphological comparisons and analyses on ITS nrDNA sequences. Samples of these species were mostly collected from deciduous or mixed forests with oaks. Lactarius albidocinereus, a member of L. subg. Plinthogalus is very similar to European L. azonites in the morphology and the sequence data. It differs from L. azonites by more ellipsoid spores with thinner ornamentation and shorter terminal cells in the pileipellis. Lactarius dilutisalmoneus belongs to L. sect. Zonarii of L. subg. Lactarius due to the pale salmoneus subzonate pileus with glabrous margin, unchanging latex and spore ornamentation composed of isolated elements. In comparison with its relatives, i.e. European L. zonarioides and North American L. olympianus, this new species has smaller spores with more prominent ornamentation. Lactarius olivaceorimosellus, a member of L. subg. Russularia, has areolate-rimulose pileus and lacks rosettes in the pileus and stipe cortex. Apart from the concentrically cracked pileus and absence of rosettes, the species can be easily distinguished by the olivaceo-brownish tinge of the pileus and spores with more dispersed elements of the ornamentation. Of the three species, at least L. albidocinereus represents a link with the Lactarius mycota of subtropical China.     

Lactarius ochrogalactus, a new species of the genus Lactarius (Russulaceae, Russulales) with yellowish-brown latex

Lactarius ochrogalactus Hashiya, invalidly published in 1994, is validated and described in detail here. It is characterized by having yellowish-brown basidiocarps, yellowish-brown latex that stains reddish-brown, lampropalisade pileipellis, lamprotrichoderm stipitipellis, pleuromacrocystidia, and basidiospores that are ornamented with warts connected by fine lines. Because this species shares some characters with Lactarius subgen. Plinthogali as well as with Lactarius subgen. Lactiflui, we prefer to wait for molecular data before defining this species to a subgenus or section.     

中国云南潮狼蛛属1新种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

本文记述了采白云南的獾蛛属Hygrolycosa Dahl,1908 1新种Hygrolycosa ligulacea sp.nov..并提供了详细的描述、鉴别特征图版和地理分布数据.模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院,部分副模保存于美同加州科学院. Abstract： One new wolf spider of the genus Hygrolycosa Dalal, 1908 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from China is described and illustrated, under the name of Hygrolycosa ligulacea sp. nov.. The differences among new species and its related species are discussed, Distributional data and illustrations of body and genital organs are provided.     

中国云南及西藏水生环境中的新种——棕孢香港霉

在大湄公河次区域的水生真菌调查中,从中国云南和西藏的沉水腐木中分离得到4个菌株。基于LSU、SSU、ITS、TEF1-α和RPB2序列进行多基因系统发育分析,表明4个菌株属于菩提科香港霉属真菌。系统发育分析结果显示4个菌株聚集在一起,并与泰国香港霉形成姐妹支。基于形态学及分子系统学研究,将这4个菌株鉴定为新种棕孢香港霉。棕孢香港霉是香港霉属的第二个有性型物种,它因子囊果的孔口处有棕色至黑色的刚毛,且子囊孢子呈梭形,孢子两端逐渐变窄且钝圆,红棕色至暗棕色,具有多个隔膜而区别于另一个有性型物种泰国香港霉。本研究提供了该真菌新种的描述及图版并比较了该种与其他物种的形态差异。     

Two new Polyangium species,P. aurulentum sp. nov. and P. jinanense sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample

Polyangium belongs to Polyangiaceae family of Myxococcales, a taxonomic group well-known for their extraordinary social lifestyle and diverse novel gene clusters of secondary metabolites. A yellow-golden strain, designated SDU3-1^T, and two rose pink strains, designated SDU13 and SDU14^T, were isolated from a soil sample. These three strains were aerobic, mesophilic, not salt-tolerant and were able to prey on living microorganisms. SDU13 and SDU14^T formed solitary sporangioles under starvation conditions, while SDU3-1^T had no fruiting body structures. They showed 95.9–97.0% (SDU3-1^T) or 98.7–98.9% (SDU13 and SDU14^T) 16S rRNA gene similarity with the type strains of Polyangium, but were phylogenetically separate from them based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. Their genomes were 12.3 Mbp (SDU3-1^T), 13.9 Mbp (SDU13) and 13.8 Mbp (SDU14^T) with the G + C content range of 68.3–69.4 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of genomes further indicated that these three strains belonged to two new species in Polyangium. Their major fatty acids were C_18:1ω9c, C_16:0 and C_18:0. The polyphasic taxonomic characterization suggest that the three strains represent two novel species in the genus Polyangium, for which the names Polyangium aurulentum sp. nov. and Polyangium jinanense sp. nov. are proposed, and the type strains are SDU3-1^T (=CGMCC 1.16875^T = KCTC 72136^T) and SDU14^T (=CCTCC AB 2021123^T = KCTC 82625^T), respectively.     

Saussurea xinjiangensis sp. nov. (Asteraceae,Cardueae), a new species from Xinjiang,China

Saussurea xinjiangensis Y. S. Chen, a new species from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. It was first found during a field expedition by the author in 2014. It belongs to S. subgen. Saussurea sect. Laguranthera because its root and caudex split fibrously and it has numerous capitula in a corymbiform synflorescence. The new species is similar to S. mucronulata in its habit, strongly fibrous rootstock and caudex, sessile linear leaves and capitula shortly pedunculated in a corymbiform synflorescence. However, it differs from S. mucronulata by its usually branched stems (versus usually simple or apically few-branched), lower leaf blade 8–12 cm long and 0.5–1.8 cm wide (versus 3–5 cm long and 0.2–0.5 cm wide), leaves abaxially sparsely arachnoid tomentose (versus densely arachnoid tomentose), phyllary white arachnoid tomentose and green to brown (versus glabrous and blackish purple).     

Delimiting species in the genus Otospermophilus (Rodentia: Sciuridae), using genetics,ecology, and morphology

We apply an integrative taxonomy approach to delimit species of ground squirrels in the genus Otospermophilus because the diverse evolutionary histories of organisms shape the existence of taxonomic characters. Previous studies of mitochondrial DNA from this group recovered three divergent lineages within Otospermophilus beecheyi separated into northern, central, and southern geographical populations, with Otospermophilus atricapillus nested within the southern lineage of O. beecheyi. To further evaluate species boundaries within this complex, we collected additional genetic data (one mitochondrial locus, 11 microsatellite markers, and 11 nuclear loci), environmental data (eight bioclimatic variables), and morphological data (23 skull measurements). We used the maximum number of possible taxa (O. atricapillus, Northern O. beecheyi, Central O. beecheyi, and Southern O. beecheyi) as our operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and examined patterns of divergence between these OTUs. Phenotypic measures (both environmental and morphological) showed little differentiation among OTUs. By contrast, all genetic datasets supported the evolutionary independence of Northern O. beecheyi, although they were less consistent in their support for other OTUs as distinct species. Based on these data, we support the conclusions from a previous study that synonymized O. atricapillus with O. beecheyi, and we elevate the northern lineage of O. beecheyi to a separate species. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113 , 1136–1151.     

Pterygiella luzhijiangensis sp. nov. (Orobanchaceae), a new procumbent species from Yunnan,southwest China

Pterygiella luzhijiangensis Huan C. Wang, is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Yunnan, southwest China. It occurs in thickets of the Luzhijiang hot‐dry valley at elevations of 1000–1300 m a.s.l. This new species is closely related to P. duclouxii Franch., but clearly differs from the latter by its procumbent stems, much branched at the base, 7–20 cm long, the leaves 1.0–2.2 cm long, 0.1–0.2 (0.25) cm wide, the corolla 2.0–2.2 cm long, obviously longer than the calyx, with the lower lip of the corolla much longer than the upper one.