河南省网柄细胞状黏菌的研究

从在河南省采集的75份基物中共分离得到14株网柄细胞状黏菌,其中网柄菌属Dictyostelium的圆头网柄菌D.sphaerocephalum、棒形网柄菌D.clavatum和紫网柄菌D.purpureum和轮柄菌属Polysphondylium的亮白轮柄菌P.candidum、紫轮柄菌P.violaceum和纤细轮柄菌P.tenuissium,均为河南省新记录种。文中对该6种网柄菌进行了形态学描述,并附有生长发育部分阶段形态和显微照片。     

集胞菌的初步研究

本文报告了网柄菌属(Dictyostelium)的4个种:毛霉状网柄菌(D.mucoroides Brefeld)、小网柄菌(D.minutum Raper)、紫网柄菌(D.purpureum Olive)和盘基网柄菌(D.discoideumRaper)。轮柄菌属(Polysphondylium)的1个种,即紫轮柄菌(P.violaceum Brefeld)。共5个种,以上均为我国新记录。此外,又增补了一些分离培养的方法,对每个种的生活史进行了观察,并提出了小囊胞应纳入生活史中。     

网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种和2个中国大陆新记录种

从采自中国西南部分省区(云南、贵州)的土壤样品中分离出网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种,即粗茎网柄菌(Dictyostelium crassicaule)和交织网柄菌(Dictyostelium implicatum);2个中国大陆新记录种,即大头网柄菌(Dictyostelium macrocephalum)和大网柄菌(Dictyostelium magnum)。文中对该4个种进行了详细的形态学描述,并附其部分生活史的图片。     

大青沟自然保护区的白粉菌和锈菌

报道内蒙古大青沟自然保护区白粉菌20种和锈菌25种。其中冷水花白粉菌Erysiphe pileae、黄檗鞘锈菌Coleosporium phellodendri、梭孢柄锈菌Puccinia fusispora、马格纳斯柄锈菌P.magnusiana、米努辛柄锈菌P.minussensis、鹿角柄锈菌P.rangiferina、横仓柄锈菌P.yokogurae、东北两型锈菌Pucciniostele mandshurica和日本盖痂锈菌Thekopsora nipponica为内蒙古新记录种。文中提供了真菌名录,包括寄主和标本号。     

TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON PHYSARUM FROM CHINA I. THREE NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHEASTERN CHINA

在近年来对中国绒泡菌属粘菌的分类学研究中,观察到许多不寻常和有趣的标本,其中一些与目前已知的绒泡菌均不吻合,形态学研究表明它们是新种。本文报告了３个产自我国东北的绒泡菌属新种,它们是：产自吉林省的环柄绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍａｎｎｕｌｉｐｅｓ和青灰绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｃａｅｓｉｕｍ及产自内蒙古自治区的木生绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｍ。环柄绒泡菌的孢囊柄具有环带,较为特殊;青灰绒泡菌的囊被有一粉状物质层,但其中的钙含量远低于其它大多数绒泡菌;木生绒泡菌的球形白色的孢囊有柄、群生、直立,具纵皱的柄褐色而不透明,囊基盘状,石灰结较小、多角形或伸长,孢子匀生小疣但一侧色浅。文中对它们进行了形态学描述和讨论,并附有扫描电镜下的特征照片,模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。     

中国绒泡菌属粘菌的分类学研究I.产自东北的三个新种

在近年来对中国绒泡菌属粘菌的分类学研究中,观察到许多不寻常和有趣的标本,其中一些与目前已知的绒泡菌均不吻合,形态学研究表明它们是新种。本文报告了3个产自我国东北的绒泡菌属新种,它们是：产自吉林省的环柄绒泡菌Physarum annulipes和青灰绒泡菌Physarum caesium及产自内蒙古自治区的木生绒泡菌Physarum xylophilum。环柄绒泡菌的孢囊柄具有环带,较为特殊;青灰绒泡菌的囊被有一粉状物质层,但其中的钙含量远低于其它大多数绒泡菌;木生绒泡菌的球形白色的孢囊有柄、群生、直立,具纵皱的柄褐色而不透明,囊基盘状,石灰结较小、多角形或伸长,孢子匀生小疣但一侧色浅。文中对它们进行了形态学描述和讨论,并附有扫描电镜下的特征照片,模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

中国绒泡菌属粘菌的分类学研究Ⅰ.：产自东北的三个新种

在近年来对中国绒泡菌粘菌的分类学研究中,观察到许多不寻常和有趣的标本,其中一些与目前已知的绒泡菌均不吻合,形态学研究表明它们是新种。本文报告了３个产自我国东北的绒泡菌属新种,它们是：产自吉林省的环柄绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍａｎｎｕｌｉｐｅｓ和青灰绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｃａｅｓｉｕｍ及产自内蒙古自治区的木生绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｎ。环柄绒泡菌的孢囊柄具有环带,较为特殊;青灰包菌的囊被     

基于脂肪酸生物标记的网柄细胞状黏菌分类学研究初探

本文测定和分析6种网柄细胞状黏菌的脂肪酸组分,进行以其作为网柄细胞状黏菌分类特征的探讨。结果表明,脂肪酸组分可将6种网柄菌有效区分,且与形态分类结果较为一致,因此建议将脂肪酸生物标记作为网柄菌分类的依据之一。     

GC-IMS分析不同菌龄香菇挥发性有机物的差异

通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)对2个香菇品种的不同菌龄的重要农艺性状和挥发性有机物的差异进行了研究。研究表明：不同菌龄阶段的香菇只在产量和蕾数上有显著差异,同等菌龄、不同香菇品种间农艺性状差异显著。2个香菇品种分别鉴定出包括单体和二聚体在内的17和12种挥发性物质,包括醛类、酯类、醇类、酮类、酸类和烯类化合物。基于化学计量学主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、指纹图谱和聚类分析对2个香菇品种的不同菌龄挥发性有机物分析发现,不同菌龄的香菇中挥发性有机物质有较大差异,不同香菇品种中挥发性有机物质也呈现一定的差异,菌龄为95 d和105 d时挥发性有机物均较为相似。2个香菇品种中柠檬烯均是随着菌龄的增加逐步上升,乙酸乙酯和壬醛均是逐步降低。此外,3-甲基丁醇、戊醛、庚醛、己醛和柠檬烯可作为区别“申香1513”不同菌龄阶段的特征挥发性有机物,丁酸乙酯和柠檬烯则可作为区别“5550”不同菌龄阶段的特征挥发性有机物。GC-IMS可快速对不同菌龄的香菇品...     

南京的鬼笔菌

作者于1928—1934年在南京工作时,曾对附近的鬼笔菌作了观察和采集。在春天,那时南京附近的田园、竹林里鬼笔菌是比较多的。这里发表的10种鬼笔菌是:(1)竹荪Dictyophora indusiata(Vent.ex Pers.)Fischer,(2)杂色竹荪Dictyophora multicolor Berk. et Br.,(3)双柱小林鬼笔Linderiella bicolumnata(Lloyd)Cunn.,(4)五棱散尾菌Lysurus mokusin(L. ex Pers.)Fr.,(5)蛇头菌Mutinus sp.,(6)桔红鬼笔Phallus aurantiacus Mont.,(7)白鬼笔Phallus impudicus L.ex Pers.,(8)深红鬼笔Phallus rubicundus(Bosc)Fr.,(9)格柄笼头菌Simblum clathroides Kawam.,(10)围篱状柄笼头菌Simblum periphragmoides KI.。除1个种外,作者对其余9个种的形态作了详细的描述,有些种还附有彩色图。对一些近似种和疑难种,又进行了比较和讨论。上述10种鬼笔菌分别隶属6个属,作者在文章的后面部分对其中Linderiella和Lysurus两个属有专门的讨论。     

Occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in Norway

The distribution of eleven dictyostelid cellular slime molds found in Norway was studied. They were divided into four groups according to their dominance. In decreasing order the groups were: (1) two varieties of Dictyostelium mucoroides , (2) D. aureostipes and Polysphondylium violaceum , (3) D. fasciculatum, D. minutum, P. pallidum and Dictyostelium sp. 1, and (4) Dictyostelium sp. 2 and 3 and Acytostelium lep–tosomum. Differences in distribution related to altitudes and latitudes, climates and dominant tree species were observed for some species.     

Ground-feeding migratory songbirds as cellular slime mold distribution vectors

Cosmopolitan species of cellular slime molds occur continents apart in both tropical and temperate zones of the world though the spore masses are too heavy to be wind borne, and water dispersal is limited to the watercourses. A highly mobile distribution vector was found in ground-feeding migratory song birds. Nine ubiquitous species and 2 ecologicially distinct species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were isolated from the feces of ground-feeding eastern North American migratory thrushes, finches, sparrows and warblers, both on breeding and winter grounds. Three propagules of slime molds, amoebae, spores and macrocysts survive passage through the avian digesive tract and remain in the gut long enough to be transported by major bird migrations. Habitats with the greates species diversity of both cellular slime molds and ground-feeding passerines concur in both eastern North America and Central America. Birds actively seek their prefered habitats; the cellular slime molds have arrived at these habitats as passengers. Rare slime molds can serve as a marker to the habitats that migratory birds have visited, or birds with known habitats can provide clues as to the distribution of rare species of cellular slime molds.     

网柄细胞状黏菌纯化培养基的改进

网柄细胞状黏菌传统的分离培养是在添加细菌的培养基上进行的。选取了9种网柄细胞状黏菌作为研究对象,在不饲喂任何细菌的条件下于3种培养基上进行培养,通过对生长状态的比较,发现燕麦片琼脂培养基对于纯化网柄细胞状黏菌具有较好的效果。     

网柄细胞状黏菌生物学特性及其应用研究进展

网柄细胞状黏菌是一类介于植物和动物之间的原生生物。尽管形态微小,但因为同时具有动物细胞和植物细胞的特点,且生命周期短暂易重复,故而对其进行生物学特性及应用的研究具有重要价值。本文从网柄细胞状黏菌的生活史循环、生物学特性、生态多样性、在医学和药物领域的探索及其与其他微生物关系等5个方面探讨网柄细胞状黏菌的生物学特性及应用的研究进展及意义,展望网柄细胞状黏菌未来在医学和生态等方面的研究前景及其潜在的应用价值,旨在为我国网柄细胞状黏菌同其他领域的交叉研究相结合提供视野,探索其在促进人类的科学进步、改善生活环境及攻克疾病方面的作用及意义。     

Description of dictyostelid cellular slime mold species in Norway

Ten different species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were found in Norway, namely Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld, D. sp. 1, D. sp. 2, D. aureo–stipes Cavender, Raper & Quinlan, D. fasckulatum Traub, Hohl & Cavender, D. sp. 3, D. minutum Raper, Polysphondylium violaceum Brefeld, P. pallidum Olive and Acylo–stelium leptosomum Raper & Quinlan. D. mucoroides included two varieties, D. sp. 1 and D. sp. 2 are probably related to D. septentrionalis Cavender and D. sphaerocephalum (Oud.) Sacc. & March respectively and D. sp. 3 is probably a new species.
Two different spore types, characterized by the presence or absence of ribosomes on the outer mitochondrial membranes, were revealed by transmission electron microscopic studies. This property was related to other properties such as the presence or absence of polar spore granules (PG) and the aggregative responses of the amoebae towards cAMP.     

Distribution and ecology of dictyostelids in China

Dictyostelid cellular slime molds are a ubiquitous component of most soils, where they feed upon bacteria and other microbes and thus play an essential role in the soil ecosystem. Herein we review the available literature on dictyostelid cellular slime molds in China, especially their diversity and ecology. The patterns of distribution for these organisms in relation to the different habitats with which they are associated are analyzed and discussed. In addition, the assemblages of dictyostelids reported from China and the United States were compared. The CC value obtained (0.48) indicates that China and the United States are perhaps less similar than might be expected. Our data point out the need for further studies to characterize more completely the assemblages of dictyostelids associated with particular vegetation types or particular regions throughout the world.     

Taxonomy, slime molds, and the questions we ask

Taxonomic treatments often influence the way we both ask and attempt to answer certain biological questions. The classical taxonomy of the dictyostelid cellular slime molds (Dictyosteliales) involves a convenient set of categories that were developed independent of phylogeny. In order to test whether the characters supporting the classical taxonomy hold any phylogenetic signal, we subjected 19 described taxa belonging to two families (Acytosteliaceae and Dictyosteliaceae) and three genera (Acytostelium, Dictyostelium, and Polysphondylium) to rooted cladistic analyses using PAUP* v 4.0b4a. Neither family nor any of the three genera were found to represent monophyletic groups. These results confirm that the classical taxonomy used to delineate families and genera within these slime molds carries very little phylogenetic signal. Taxonomic character sets should be scrutinized phylogenetically in order to determine what information they provide about the relatedness of taxa within a group. Because taxonomy often drives the nature of biological inquiry, caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions regarding the evolution of developmental systems in Dictyostelium.     

Intracellular cyclic GMP-binding proteins in cellular slime molds.

The complexity of cyclic GMP-binding activity in the 48,000 X g supernatant of three species of the cellular slime molds (Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium rosarium, and Polysphondylium violaceum) was studied by gel filtration chromatography on AcA 34 Ultrogel. All these species have in common a cyclic GMP-binding protein of molecular weight of about 2.5 X 10(5) which specifically binds this nucleotide. In addition, Scatchard plots of assays carried out with the 48,000 X g supernatant of these species exhibit cyclic GMP-binding activity with an apparent dissociation constant of about 1 nM. None of the cyclic GMP-binding proteins separated by chromatography on AcA 34 Ultrogel was associated to protein kinase activity stimulation. In view of the cyclic GMP function during chemotactic transduction in the cellular slime molds, the possible molecular function for this 2.5 X 10(5)-dalton cyclic GMP-binding protein is discussed.