A new genus and four new species of Criconematidae (Nematoda) from the Pacific

Summary A new criconematid genus Amphisbaenema is proposed, its type being a new species, A. paradoxiger, from Western Samoa which shows an unusual combination of features in that the outer layer of the female cuticle is broken up into numerous platelets and the female head is rounded without submedian lobes, labial plates or pseudolips; the male has prominent caudal alae and juveniles have longitudinal rows of tubercles over most of the body which is covered by an outer layer of fine backwardly directed spines. Nothocriconema lamellatum (Raski & Golden, 1966) De Grisse, 1967 is transferred to this genus and a second new species, A. amicorum, from Tonga is tentatively assigned to it. Two new Nothocriconema species, N. polynesianum and N. lanxifrons, are also described. ac]19810806     

A new genus and species of Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from New Caledonia

Akanthepsilonema helleouetae gen. et sp.n. (Epsilonematidae) is described from supralittoral marine sediments in New Caledonia. Its main features are a heterogeneous cuticule with large horn-like dorsal spines and a field of copulatory horns in the male. The taxonomic position of the new genus within the family is discussed.     

A new species of the genus Seticornuta Morley (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) from South Korea

Old World species of the genus Seticornuta Morley are reviewed. Seven species of this genus were recorded worldwide, but only one species, Seticornuta albopilosa (Cameron), was known from the Old World. Here, we report one new species, Seticornuta koreana sp. n., from South Korea, and redescribe the other known Old World species, Seticornuta albopilosa, with photographs.     

A new species of the genus Spiroxys (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from Madagascan pleurodiran turtles (Pelomedusidae)

Spiroxys ankarafantsika, sp. nov. is described from Madagascar in two species of freshwater turtles, Pelusios castanoides and Pelomedusa subrufa. Spiroxys ankarafantsika differs from other species of the genus in having pseudolabial teeth only on the median lobes and no other cuticular prominences, a smooth cuticular collar, deirides as cervical minute spine-like projections, and a gubernaculum without tubes. This is the first record of a nominal species of the genus Spiroxys from the Ethiopian region.     

A new species of the genus Galloisiana (Grylloblattodea, Grylloblattidae) from Korea

A new ice bug species, Galloisiana odaesanensis sp. nov., is described from Mt. Odae, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. This species resembles the G. yuasai group in having a short body (less than 20 mm), distinct compound eyes, fewer than 35 antennomeres, and seven or eight cercomeres. The species is, however, clearly distinguished from the G. yuasai group by the following characters: slightly curved supra-anal plate with dull apical margin; rectangular pronotum that is straight on the posterior; 3rd antennomere 1.7 times as long as the 2nd. The distribution of the genus Galloisiana is discussed and a key for Galloisiana species is presented.     

A new species of the genus Spiroxys (Nematoda; Spiruroidea) from Australian chelonians of the genus Chelodina (Chelidae)

Summary Spiroxys chelodinae n. sp. is described from Australia in three species of freshwater chelonian, Chelodina longicollis, C. expansa and C. oblonga and from New Guinea in an unidentified freshwater chelonian. S. chelodinae differs from other species of the genus in having pseudolabia each with a blunt, prominent, cuticular projection (tooth) on the middle lobe and no other cuticular prominences, a cuticular collar without spines or protrusions, and a gubernaculum with tubes through which the spicules pass. Larvae (probably fourth-stage larvae of S. chelodinae) are also described. This is the first record of a Spiroxys sp. from the Australian Region, and from a host group (suborder Pleurodira), which has a Gondwana distribution. This is discussed in relation to the zoogeography of the genus Spiroxys and it is postulated that Australian chelids acquired this parasite from non-marine cryptodires (possibly carettochelyids or trionychids). In addition, a Spiroxys sp. is recorded from Nigeria, constituting the first such record from the Ethiopian Region. It was found in Pelusius subniger, thus constituting the second record of a Spiroxys species in a pleurodire.     

Peculiar new deep-sea desmoscolecid species of the genus Protricoma (Nematoda) from Corsica

Three new species of Protricoma were found among the material collected during a deep-sea survey near Corsica: P. Maramphis sp.n., P. mocrocephala sp.n. and P. corsicana sp.n. The new species are characterized by their small body size. a slender cylindrican body with finely annulated body cuticle and a very small head.     

A new marine cyclopoid copepod of the genus Neocyclops (Cyclopidae,Halicyclopinae) from Korea

A new cyclopoid species of the genus Neocyclops Gurney, 1927 is described. Type specimens were collected from a beach on south-western coast of the Korean Peninsula by rinsing intertidal coarse sandy sediments. Neocyclops hoonsooi sp. n. is most characteristic in showing the conspicuous chitinized transverse ridges originating from the medial margins of the coxae of all swimming legs. The new species is most similar to Neocyclops vicinus, described from the Brazilian coast, and Neocyclops petkovskii, from Australia. All three species share a large body size (more than 750 µm long), the presence of an exopodal seta on the antenna, two setae on the mandibular palp, the same seta/spine armature on the third endopodal segment of leg 3 (3 setae + 3 spines), and the fairly long inner distal spine on the third endopodal segment of the female leg 4. However, Neocyclops hoonsooi sp. n. differs from both species by the much shorter caudal rami (less than 1.7 times as long as wide) and the shorter dorsal caudal seta VII. Furthermore, Neocyclops hoonsooi is clearly distinguished from Neocyclops vicinus by the 10-segmented antennule (vs 12 segments in Neocyclops vicinus), and from Neocyclops petkovskii by the elongate inner distal spine on leg 5 exopod and the 3-segmented leg 5 in male (vs 4-segmented in Neocyclops petkovskii). A tabular comparison of characters separating Neocyclops hoonsooi from its closest allies and a key to Neocyclops species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean are provided. This is the first record of the genus Neocyclops from the northern Pacific.     

Megadraconema cornutum, a new genus and species from Korea, with a discussion of its classification and relationships within the family Draconematidae (Nematoda, Desmodorida) based on morphological and molecular characters

A new genus and species of Draconematidae Filipjev, 1918, Megadraconema cornutum gen. nov., sp. nov., inhabiting subtidal sediments in Jejudo, Korea is described. Megadraconema cornutum gen. nov., sp. nov. is mainly characterized by a long body (1630-2220 μm), presence of a transverse circle of well-developed papillae-like cuticular protrusions at the base of the lip region, a head capsule with reticular structure of subcuticle, an amphid with a pore-like opening, and an internal, bar-shaped fovea. The diagnosis of the family Draconematidae is emended and a key to genus is provided based on their major differential diagnostic characteristics, summarized in a table. Phylogenetic relationships of all the genera within the Draconematidae are discussed for the first time, based on molecular analyses and morphological features. The phylogenetic position of the new genus and relationships within the family Draconematidae based on analysis of molecular sequence data are examined. Analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences does not support the currently accepted classification, and indicates paraphyly of the subfamily Draconematinae.     

Two new species of Ascarophis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in marine fishes from Chile

In this study, we describe 2 new species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1871 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae), found in fishes from southern Chile. Ascarophis carvajali n. sp. was found in Austrolycus depressiceps and Patagonotothen cornucola, whereas Ascarophis draconi n. sp. was taken from Champsocephalus gunnari. These new Ascarophis species differ from other species in a combination of several morphometric and morphological characteristics. Although A. carvajali n. sp. was morphologically close to Ascarophis minuta, the new species has a larger ratio between glandular and muscular esophagus, filaments on both egg poles, and a shorter right spicule than A. minuta. Ascarophis draconi n. sp. was morphologically similar to Ascarophis adioryx and Ascarophisfiliformis. However, A. adioryx has eggs without filaments, a smaller ratio between glandular and muscular esophagus length, and a smaller ratio between left and right spicule lengths in contrast to A. draconi n. sp., whereas A. filiformis has a shorter glandular esophagus and left spicule length than A. draconi n. sp. Only 1 Ascarophis species has been recorded in a single fish from Chile (i.e., Ascarophis sebastodis in Sebastes capensis). Consequently, this study constitutes not only new species and records of Ascarophis in fishes from Chile, but also new records for the Pacific coast of South America.     

Vittatidera zeaphila (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new genus and species of cyst nematode parasitic on corn (Zea mays)

A new genus and species of cyst nematode, Vittatidera zeaphila, is described from Tennessee. The new genus is superficially similar to Cactodera but is distinguished from other cyst-forming taxa in having a persistent lateral field in females and cysts, persistent vulval lips covering a circumfenestrate vulva, and subventral gland nuclei of the female contained in a separate small lobe. Infective juveniles (J2) are distinguished from all previously described Cactodera spp. by the short stylet in the second-stage juvenile (14-17 μm); J2 of Cactodera spp. have stylets at least 18 μm long. The new species also is unusual in that the females produce large egg masses. Known hosts are corn and goosegrass. DNA analysis suggests that Vittatidera forms a separate group apart from other cyst-forming genera within Heteroderinae.