威灵仙多糖对舌鳞癌细胞生长抑制作用的研究

目的:探讨威灵仙多糖对人舌鳞癌细胞Tca-8113的体外生长抑制作用。方法:提取分离纯化威灵仙多糖,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定在不同浓度威灵仙多糖作用下人舌鳞癌细胞Tca-8113的活力,观察药物对癌细胞的生长抑制作用。结果:威灵仙多糖对Tca-8113的生长具有明显的抑制作用,随着威灵仙多糖浓度的增大或作用时间延长,抑制作用逐渐增强,呈一定的剂量和时间依赖关系。结论:在体外实验中,威灵仙多糖对人舌鳞癌细胞Tca-8113具有明显的杀伤和抑制作用,可进一步研究其作为抗肿瘤药物应用于临床的潜力。     

铁线莲属尾叶铁线莲组(毛茛科)基于形态学证据的分支系统学

选取铁线莲属 (Clematis) 尾叶铁线莲组(sect. Campanella)中37个种以及西南铁线莲组 (sect. Bebaeanthera) 中的2个种为内类群, 以Clematis alternata作为外类群, 通过对全世界10个标本馆的近2 000份腊叶标本的形态学特征统计, 选取了35个性状进行编码, 利用PAUP 4.0 beta 10 软件进行系统发育重建。通过最简约法(maximum parsimony)分析共得到182棵最简约分支树, 树长为182步, 一致性指数(CI)=0.385, 保持性指数(RI)=0.685。结果表明: (1)尾叶铁线莲组并非是一个单系类群; (2)以花序发生位置这一性状建立的sect. Bebaeanthera不能成立, 应并入尾叶铁线莲组; (3)本研究结果不支持 在尾叶铁线莲组中建立subsect. Henryianae或ser. Henryianae; (4) C. ranunculoides等萼片外面具纵翅的一群植物与本组中萼片红色的种类C. lasiandra和C. dasyandra有较近的亲缘关系; (5)C. otophora、C. pogonandra、C. repens和C.barbellata等几个种聚为一支, 且支持率很高, 它们具有一系列的共衍征, 即萼片质地较厚, 花丝扁平, 宽条形, 被短柔毛, 花药被黄色短毛, 药隔先端凸起, 因此不支持建立Ser. Pogonandrae; (6)本组中非洲分布的2个种无论从形态上还是从地理分布和生境上都十分特殊, 是本组植物的特化类群。     

湖北铁线莲属的区系特征及地理分布

在查阅文献和标本采集鉴定的基础上,确认湖北铁线莲属(Clematis L．)有37种14变种。对湖北铁线莲属的区系地理进行了分析。铁线莲属的分布中心在中国的亚热带地区,在中国范围内云南和四川分布的种类最多(包括变种),然后以此为中心向四周的分布逐渐减少。湖北铁线莲属大部分种类分布在鄂西山区。湖北铁线莲属的地理成分以中国特有分布为主,中国特有成分占湖北种类总数的68．6％。区系的性质是温带性的。根据毛茛科最原始的类群金莲花亚科Subfam．Helleboroideae起源中心的推测和铁线莲属古老类群的分布,推测铁线莲属起源于中国西南地区,并以此解释湖北铁线莲属区系和周围省份铁线莲属区系的关系。     

6种铁线莲属植物的柱头特征对传粉的适应

为了解传粉过程中柱头对花粉的捕获策略,对6种铁线莲属植物（甘青铁线莲、灌木铁线莲、粉绿铁线莲、薄叶铁线莲、粗齿铁线莲和短尾铁线莲）的柱头显微结构进行扫描电镜观察,发现6种铁线莲属植物的柱头均位于花柱的腹缝面,由花柱腹缝两侧细胞发育成柱头乳突,乳突形状随花期逐步从球状到指状甚至长指状过度,并伴随着柱头受粉面从花柱顶端朝花柱基部渐次发育成熟的特殊发育式样。观察分析6种铁线莲的花部综合征及花粉胚珠比（P/O）发现,柱头的此类发育式样与其他花部构成存在功能上的协同一致。为理解铁线莲属植物花部的进化提供了新的思路和视野,对观赏用铁线莲属植物的育种栽培具参考价值。     

浙江铁线莲属植物资源及其开发应用前景

浙江省铁线莲属植物作为重要的观赏植物和药用植物资源,其开发利用前景广阔。本文从植物分类学角度,总结了浙江省野生铁线莲属的种类及分布情况,并探讨其园林应用前景。     

四川铁线莲属二新种

描述了自四川东南部发现的毛茛科铁线莲属二新种:黄荆铁线莲和古蔺铁线莲。     

甘南铁线莲, 甘肃毛茛科一新种

该文描述了自甘肃南部发现的毛茛科铁线莲属的一新种,甘南铁线莲.     

Lectotypification and description of Clematis viticella L. (Ranunculaceae)

The typification of Clematis viticella L. is discussed, and a lectotype designated from the Clifford Herbarium (BM). A standard specimen for C. viticella 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' has also been selected. Data from hybridization experiments and studies of natural distribution suggest that Clematis campaniflora Brotero is better treated as a subspecies, i.e. as C. viticella subsp. campaniflora (Brotero) Font Quer ex O. Bolòs & Vigo, than as either a species or variety.     

Notulae de Ranunculaceis Sinensibus (XIV)

One variety of Eranthis, four species of Delphinium, one species of Anemone, and two species and one variety of Clematis are described as new. The distribution of Anemone reflexa Steph. in western part of Henan Province is reported for the first time. The morphological variation of the inflorescence of Clematis armandii Franch.is elucidated, andaccording to it Clematis hefengensis G.F.Tao is reduced to a variety of C.armandii Franch.     

铁线莲属威灵仙组修订

对铁线莲属铁线莲亚属 Clematis subgen. Clematis 中的欧洲铁线莲 C. vitalba L.演化干的原始群威灵仙组sect. Clematis 进行了全面修订,确定此组共含有73种和45变种。写出了威灵仙组的分类学简史及地理分布;对威灵仙组中各亚组的亲缘和主要区别特征以及铁线莲亚属欧洲铁线莲演化干中各群的亲缘关系进行了讨论。将威灵仙组分为5个亚组,写出了分亚组检索表和各亚组的分种检索表,以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等,并附有多幅插图。在5亚组中,欧洲铁线莲亚组(钝萼铁线莲亚组) subsect. Clematis 为此组的原始群,其主要特征：藤本;小叶通常草质或纸质,通常边缘具齿,有时全缘;萼片4,外面的毛长1 mm以下;花药长圆形、椭圆形或狭长圆形,稀条形,药隔顶端不突起,稀稍突起。此亚组的瘦果两侧扁压,但多数不扁平,不具边缘,只在短毛铁线莲 C. puberula Hook. f. &; Thoms.强烈扁压,扁平,周围具宽边缘。在铁线莲属中,除短毛铁线莲外,特产朝鲜的 C. brachyura Maxim. (sect. Pterocarpa Tamura)也具有近似这种进化类型的瘦果。铁线莲组的其他4个亚组各含有较进化的特征,可能均自欧洲铁线莲亚组演化而出：单种的厚叶铁线莲亚组subsect. Crassifoliae (Tamura) Tamura为藤本;小叶革质,全缘,很像威灵仙亚组的小叶;雄蕊花丝皱缩,花药宽长圆形或长圆形。单种的长毛铁线莲亚组subsect. Baominianae (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang为藤本;小叶纸质,具齿;花大,具6枚萼片;萼片外面的毛长1.6-3 mm; 花药长圆形。棉团铁线莲亚组subsect. Angustifoliae 的主要特征：茎直立;花常具5-6枚萼片。威灵仙亚组subsect. Rectae Prantl的主要特征：藤本,稀茎直立;小叶常革质,全缘,稀具齿;萼片通常4枚,稀较多,外面的毛长在1 mm以下;花药条形,有时狭长圆形,药隔顶端常突起。此亚组的威灵仙系ser. Rectae Prantl具有进化类型的瘦果,其瘦果强烈扁压,扁平,有膨胀的框状边缘。主要分类学处理为：(1)披针叶铁线莲 C. lancifolia Bur. &; Franch.、准噶尔铁线莲 C. songarica Bunge、 C. ispahanica Boiss.、银叶铁线莲 C. delavayi Franch.和 C. phlebantha Williams 5种过去被Tamura和其他学者与灌木铁线莲 C. fruticosa Turcz.等同置于灌木铁线莲组sect. Fruticella Tamura中,但这5种的花构造(萼片水平方向开展,白色,边缘不展宽;花丝条形或狭条形)与灌木铁线莲(萼片斜上方开展,黄色,在花开放后边缘展宽成狭翅;花丝较宽,条状披针形)不同,而与棉团铁线莲 C. hexapetala Pall.的花构造相似。据此,本修订将此5种从灌木铁线莲组移到威灵仙组的棉团铁线莲亚组subsect. Angustifoliae Tamura中。(2)在欧洲铁线莲群 C. vitalba group与威灵仙群C. flammula group之间有不少过渡类型,因此,这两个群不易区分。根据这种情况,本修订将这两个群作为亚组处理,同置于威灵仙组sect. Clematis 中,而未采用Tamura和Grey_Wilson将这两个群分别置于两个亚属中,以及Johnson将这两个群分别置于两个组中的分类学处理。描述了2新系、6新种和1新变种;建立了5个新等级。     

A revision of Clematis sect. Atragene （Ranunculaceae）

Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser.     

560. CLEMATIS DELAVAYI

Summary.  Clematis delavayi Franchet is illustrated. Its taxonomic position within Clematis is discussed and notes for its successful cultivation included.     

A revision of Clematis sect. Clematis(Ranunculaceae)

Clematis sect. Clematis is revised in this paper. Seventy-three species and 45 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and illustrated in some cases, and are classified into five subsections. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, and the relationships of its subsections and with its close allies of the C. vitalba evolutionary stock of the subgenus Clematis are discussed. Main taxonomic changes are made as follows: (1) C. lancifolia Bur. & Franch., C. songarica Bunge, C. ispahanica Boiss., C. delavayi Franch. and C. phlebantha Williams, which have been previously regarded to be close to C. fruticosa Turcz. and its allies, and placed in sect. Fruticella Tamura by Tamura and some other authors, are here transferred to subsect. Angustifoliae Tamura according to the floral structure. (2) The existence of intermediate forms between the C. vitalba group and the C. flammula group indicates that these two groups are closely related to each other and should not be treated as two sections or even two subgenera. They are treated as two subsections within sect. Clematis . Two series, six species, and one variety are described as new, and five new ranks are made.      

Notulae De Ranunculaceis Sinensibus(ⅩⅩⅡ)

(1) In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, includ ing its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib. Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous. So, the as cending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect. Viorna Subsect. Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella, and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens,some species have spreading sepals, and the others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect. Clematis, all the species have spreading sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata, which has ascending sepals and usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U. S. A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C. paucifiora has stamens hairy on fliaments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals,the majority of species have glabrous stamens, but one species, C.liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy stamens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.apiifolia, C.grata, and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and oblong anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolatelinear filaments of C. tangutica and C. aethusifolia or oblanceolate -linear filaments of C. courtoisii and C. loureiriana and linear anthers of C. meyeniana and C. uncinata, and narrow-linear anthers of C. courtoisii and C. lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In ease of stamens with hairs, stamens of C. henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C. kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced condition than those of C. pinnata, C. heracleifolia, and C. tangutica, with sparsely puberulous filaments and glabrous antbers(Fig. 1 ). (4)The pedunculate, 2-bracteate dichasial cyme with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Manyflowered panicle-like cymes as in C.gouriana and C. tsaii, or few-l-flowered cymes as in C. henryi and C. repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C. montana and C. pogonandra are all considered advanced. Besides, the fact that flowers arise from axillary buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition. (5)Sect. Clematis subsect. Pinnatae, with leaflets, inflorescence ramification, and stamens similar to those of C. heracleifolia, is considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some intermediate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae in Sect. Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae in Sect. Viorna. (7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a realignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made. (8) Six subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combinations, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C. tenuipes W.T. Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C. taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to synonomy of C. grata Wall. in 1991, is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial surface of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C. kerriana Drumm. & Craib and C. laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C. subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syn-onymy.     

湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究

本文对产于湖南的６种毛莨科植物的染色体进行了研究。裂叶星果草［Ａｓｔｅｒｏｐｙｒｕｍｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｉ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｄｒｕｍｍ．ｅｔＨｕｔｃｈ．）的染色体属于Ｒ型,核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｔ,核型类型属于ＺＢ;打破碗花花（ＡｎｅｍｏｎｅｈｕｐｅｈｎｓｉｓＬｅｍ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２ｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ａ;粗齿铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓａｐｉｉｆｏｌｉａｖａｒ．ａｒｇｅｎｔｉｌｕｃｉｄａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｗａｎｇ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（２ｓａｔ）或２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）随体染色体数目在居群之间有变化,核型类型属于２Ａ;扬子铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓｇａｎｉｐｉｎｉａｎａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｔａｍｕｒａ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ｂ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃａｎｔｏｎｉｅｎｓｉｓＤＣ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝６ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋６ｓｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于３Ａ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＴｈｕｎｂ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝?     

Biology and Host Range of Phytomyza vitalbae and its Establishment for the Biological Control of Clematis vitalba in New Zealand

Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach (Diptera: Agromyzidae) creates mines in leaves of Clematis vitalba , a significant environmental weed in New Zealand. Studies in Europe found that most leaves had one mine, but some had many; heavy mining deformed leaves and reduced photosynthetic area.; P. vitalbae was multi-voltine; fecundity averaged 521 eggs per female; and larval parasitism was high. Together, these biological characteristics suggested it had the capacity to produce large populations in the absence of parasitism. P. vitalbae has been recorded on other Clematis species in Europe, and experimental determination of host range confirmed this species was narrowly oligophagous, but posed no significant risk to New Zealand native plants. Results suggested mines might be produced in some exotic Clematis species growing in New Zealand, but only where flies fed on C. vitalba before ovipositing. P. vitalbae was released from quarantine in New Zealand in 1996. It is considered to be established at 20 of the 29 release sites, and populations have grown rapidly at those sites. The fly spread 5 km within 15 months at one site. Three parasitoids have been reared from P. vitalbae mines since its release in New Zealand, but it is uncertain whether parasitism will adversely affect leafminer populations.     

铁线莲属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究概况

本文对铁线莲属植物的化学成分和药理作用作了全面而系统的综述,为传统中药透骨草的品种整理和质量评定提供了科学依据。     

A New Species of the Genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae)from Yunnan,China

A species of the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae), Cmaguanensis, is described as new from Yunnan Province, China, and the diagnostic differences between it and its putative close ally are given.     

Effect of Clematis fusca preparations on androgen target organs]

The effect of Clematis fusca (Clematis fusca Turcz.) preparations of the prostate and seminal vesicles was studied in castrated rats. There was seen an intensification of the functional activity of these organs, similar to the result of the methyltestosterone action. Substances with an androgenic effect are supposed to be present in the plant under study.