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1.
人类活动引发的氮磷负荷增加, 显著提升了生态系统中氮磷的可利用性。然而, 这一变化对滨海河口湿地土壤酶活性及养分平衡的影响仍未明晰。以闽江河口湿地为研究对象, 通过原位氮、磷及氮磷复合添加实验, 研究外源氮磷添加对河口湿地土壤酶活性和酶化学计量特征的影响。结果显示:①相较于对照组, 氮、磷及氮磷复合添加显著提高了β-1, 4-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维二糖水解酶的活性(P<0.05), 其中单独添加氮的效果最为显著, 分别提升了313.66%和78.38%。β-1, 4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶的活性在不同处理下呈现相反的响应趋势, β-1, 4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性在单独添加氮和磷时分别提高了19.49%和6.35%, 但在氮磷复合添加下降低了8.27%;相反, 亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性在单独添加氮和磷时分别降低了34.17%和21.32%, 而在氮磷复合添加下显著增加了66.87%。碱性磷酸酶活性在氮添加下提升了2.47%, 而在单独添加磷和氮磷复合添加下分别下降了18.3%和4.66%。此外, 氮、磷及氮磷复合添加均显著提高了酶碳氮比和酶碳磷比(P<0.05), 其中,氮添加的提升效果尤为显著。②酶化学计量分析显示, 闽江河口湿地土壤微生物受到氮和碳的耦合限制。尽管短期的氮、磷及氮磷复合添加增强了微生物对营养物质的响应, 但未能完全解除氮限制, 反而进一步加剧了碳限制。③相关分析和冗余分析表明, 外源氮、磷及氮磷复合输入通过土壤碳氮比、有效磷、微生物碳及有机质等因素共同调控土壤酶活性和酶化学计量。该研究深化了对湿地生态系统营养循环机制的理解, 为预测湿地生态系统对环境变化的响应以及制定湿地保护策略提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
    
The status of plant and microbial nutrient limitation have profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycle in permafrost areas, which store large amounts of carbon and experience pronounced climatic warming. Despite the long-term standing paradigm assumes that cold ecosystems primarily have nitrogen deficiency, large-scale empirical tests of microbial nutrient limitation are lacking. Here we assessed the potential microbial nutrient limitation across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region, using the combination of enzymatic and elemental stoichiometry, genes abundance and fertilization method. In contrast with the traditional view, the four independent approaches congruently detected widespread microbial nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in both the surface soil and deep permafrost deposits, with stronger limitation in the topsoil. Further analysis revealed that soil resources stoichiometry and microbial community composition were the two best predictors of the magnitude of microbial nutrient limitation. High ratio of available soil carbon to nutrient and low fungal/bacterial ratio corresponded to strong microbial nutrient limitation. These findings suggest that warming-induced enhancement in soil nutrient availability could stimulate microbial activity, and probably amplify soil carbon losses from permafrost areas.  相似文献   

3.
王全成  郑勇  宋鸽  金圣圣  贺纪正 《生态学报》2021,41(15):6245-6256
氮(N)沉降深刻影响着森林生态系统的生物多样性、生产力和稳定性。亚热带地区森林土壤磷(P)的有效性较低,N沉降将更突显P的限制作用。N、P输入对亚热带次级森林土壤的影响是否依赖于森林演替阶段知之甚少。选取两种不同演替年龄阶段(年轻林:<40 a;老年林:>85 a)的亚热带常绿阔叶林,设置模拟N和/或P沉降(10 g m-2 a-1)4个处理(Ctrl、N、P、NP),连续处理4.5年后采集表层、次表层和下底层(0-15、15-30、30-60 cm)土壤样品,综合分析了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)氮(MBN)和多种土壤养分含量。结果表明,MBC、MBN及土壤养分含量均随土壤深度增加而降低。N添加对两种演替阶段森林土壤中MBC和MBN均无显著影响。施P相关处理(P和NP)对年轻林表层土壤MBC和MBN无显著影响,但显著增加了老年林表层土壤MBC和MBN(P<0.05),表明老年林可能比年轻林更易受P限制。N添加显著增加了两种演替森林表层土壤可溶性有机氮(DON)、氨态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NO3--N)的含量(P<0.05);P相关处理(P和NP)显著增加两种演替阶段表层和次表层土壤速效磷(AP)以及表层土壤全磷(TP)的含量(P<0.05)。土壤MBC和MBN与土壤中各养分指标(可溶性有机碳DOC、DON、NH4+-N、NO3--N、AP、全碳TC、全氮TN和TP)呈显著正相关关系,土壤TC、TN和DOC是影响土壤微生物生物量的主要因子。研究可为评估和揭示未来全球环境变化背景下不同演替林龄亚热带森林的土肥潜力及土壤质量的演变提供一定的科学理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
    
Fire is a major driver of ecosystem change and can disproportionately affect the cycling of different nutrients. Thus, a stoichiometric approach to investigate the relationships between nutrient availability and microbial resource use during decomposition is likely to provide insight into the effects of fire on ecosystem functioning. We conducted a field litter bag experiment to investigate the long‐term impact of repeated fire on the stoichiometry of leaf litter C, N and P pools, and nutrient‐acquiring enzyme activities during decomposition in a wet sclerophyll eucalypt forest in Queensland, Australia. Fire frequency treatments have been maintained since 1972, including burning every 2 years (2yrB), burning every 4 years (4yrB) and no burning (NB). C : N ratios in freshly fallen litter were 29–42% higher and C : P ratios were 6–25% lower for 2yrB than NB during decomposition, with correspondingly lower 2yrB N : P ratios (27–32) than for NB (34–49). Trends in litter soluble and microbial N : P ratios were similar to the overall litter N : P ratios across fire treatments. Consistent with these, the ratio of activities for N‐acquiring to P‐acquiring enzymes in litter was higher for 2yrB than NB, whereas 4yrB was generally intermediate between 2yrB and NB. Decomposition rates of freshly fallen litter were significantly lower for 2yrB (72 ± 2% mass remaining at the end of experiment) than for 4yrB (59 ± 3%) and NB (62 ± 3%), a difference that may be related to effects of N limitation, lower moisture content, and/or litter C quality. Results for older mixed‐age litter were similar to those for freshly fallen litter although treatment differences were less pronounced. Overall, these findings show that frequent fire (2yrB) decoupled N and P cycling, as manifested in litter C : N : P stoichiometry and in microbial biomass N : P ratio and enzymatic activities. Furthermore, these data indicate that fire induced a transient shift to N‐limited ecosystem conditions during the postfire recovery phase.  相似文献   

5.
氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
郑棉海  黄娟  陈浩  王晖  莫江明 《生态学报》2015,35(20):6703-6710
研究了鼎湖山3种森林类型(南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林和针叶阔叶混交林)的土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(APA)对施肥的响应情况。在3种林型中分别设置对照、加氮(150 kg N hm-2a-1)、加磷(150 kg P hm-2a-1)以及N和P同时添加(150 kg N hm-2a-1+150 kg P hm-2a-1)4种不同处理。结果表明,季风林土壤APA((15.83±2.46)μmol g-1h-1)显著高于混交林((10.71±0.78)μmol g-1h-1)和马尾松林((9.12±0.38)μmol g-1h-1),且3种林型土壤APA与土壤有效磷含量均呈显著负相关。施加N肥显著提高了季风林土壤APA,而对混交林和马尾松林的作用不显著。施加P肥显著降低了混交林和马尾松林土壤APA,但对季风林的影响不明显。N和P同时添加仅显著降低了马尾松林土壤APA,但在季风林中存在交互作用。因此,N沉降会加剧亚热带成熟林土壤P的限制,可以考虑施加P肥作为森林管理的一种方式来缓解这种限制作用。  相似文献   

6.
基于土壤微生物可增强植物对全球变化的适应性,研究氮沉降背景下土壤微生物对根际土壤微生境生态化学计量特征的影响,进而探明生态化学计量特征变化对根际土壤微生物养分限制的调控规律。在土壤灭菌处理(灭菌土(+S)和非灭菌土(-S))基础上,对1年生柠条(Caragana korshinskii)盆栽苗木进行2种苗木接种AM真菌处理((接菌(+M)和未接菌(-M)),并设置氮添加处理(不施氮(CK)、低氮(LN,3 g·m-2·a-1)、高氮(HN, 6 g·m-2·a-1))。以非灭菌土未接菌条件下土壤原有微生物群落组成为基础,探究不同处理下微生境生态化学计量特征与微生物养分限制的关联性。结果如下:(1)灭菌土处理中,柠条菌根苗根际土壤中真菌相对丰度较非菌根苗在CK、LN和HN处理下分别显著提高了82.20%、25.00%和59.84%。(2)非灭菌土处理中,LN处理的柠条非菌根苗根际土壤微生物生物量碳磷比较CK处理降低了46.28%(P<0.05),而柠条菌根苗微生物生物量碳磷比较CK增加了56.76%(P<0.05)。(3)各氮添加处理下,灭菌土处理的柠条非菌根苗根际土壤与碳、氮相关土壤酶活性计量比,与碳、磷相关土壤酶活性计量比和向量长度均显著低于菌根苗(P<0.05)。(4)PLS-PM路径分析发现,微生物调控对微生物养分限制的总效应系数大于氮添加处理。综上,土壤原生菌和菌根真菌协同调节根际土壤酶化学计量比,进而增强土壤微生物养分限制对氮添加的适应。  相似文献   

7.
Dilly  Oliver 《Plant and Soil》1999,212(2):173-181
Estimating in situ N and P status of the soil microbiota is complicated because microbiological features reflect potentials rather than field conditions. Complementary microbiological assays were, therefore, combined to evaluate the N and P requirement of the microbiota in seven agricultural, grassland and forest topsoils of the Bornhöved Lake district as follows: (i) the sensitivity of the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) to supplemental addition of N and P was monitored during microbial growth and (ii) soil protease and phosphatase activities were analysed and related to soil mass and microbial biomass content. Nitrogen addition increased the maximal SIR rate in all except one soil indicating that the growth of organisms is restricted by this element when easily degradable C source is present. Supplemental N (and in some cases also P) retarded the respiratory response within the first 24 h which suggests microbial sensitivity and/or greater anabolic efficiency. With additional N the maximal SIR rate was most strongly enhanced in topsoils of the beech forest and the dystric alder forest. Thus, the microbial growth in these soils that were below litter horizons seems to be mostly restricted by N. Supplemental P positively affected respiratory response of soils under monoculture, wet grassland and dystric alder forest. In the dystric alder forest soil, high rates of alkaline and unbuffered phosphatase activity were observed when activity was related to either soil mass or microbial biomass content. The data of proteolytic and phospholytic enzymes are discussed with reference to nutrient deficiency and microbial strategy for N and P adsorption.  相似文献   

8.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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9.
    
Most heterotrophic organisms feed on substrates that are poor in nutrients compared to their demand, leading to elemental imbalances that may constrain their growth and function. Flexible carbon (C)‐use efficiency (CUE, C used for growth over C taken up) can represent a strategy to reduce elemental imbalances. Here, we argue that metabolic regulation has evolved to maximise the organism growth rate along gradients of nutrient availability and translated this assumption into an optimality model that links CUE to substrate and organism stoichiometry. The optimal CUE is predicted to decrease with increasing substrate C‐to‐nutrient ratio, and increase with nutrient amendment. These predictions are generally confirmed by empirical evidence from a new database of c. 2200 CUE estimates, lending support to the hypothesis that CUE is optimised across levels of organisation (microorganisms and animals), in aquatic and terrestrial systems, and when considering nitrogen or phosphorus as limiting nutrients.  相似文献   

10.
    
We investigated the nutritional effects of both food quantity and quality on Brachionus plicatilis. Decomposition of particulate and dissolved organic matter by rotifer digestive enzymes play a crucial role in rotifer nutrition. Among other enzymes, rotifers produce phosphatases, non‐specific enzymes that allow for the release of orthophosphate from a variety of organic phosphorus compounds. Phosphatase saturation was measured in B. plicatilis homogenates using the spectrofluorimetric method. We examined population growth rate, reproduction and phosphatase activity in the homogenate of rotifers (PARH) fed by nutrient‐replete algal food supplied at different quantities. Population growth rate, number of eggs per individual and PARH were affected by food quantity. Growth rate and number of eggs per individual significantly increased in rotifers fed by food supplied at the highest quantity. The highest population growth rate was reached by rotifers fed by nutrient‐replete food, while it did not significantly differ between rotifers fed on nitrogen (N)‐depleted and phosphorus (P)‐depleted food. The number of eggs per individual was more affected by N than P supply. PARH and rotifer RNA content were not influenced by different food quality. The results indicate that B. plicatilis is not able to regulate its digestive apparatus in terms of efficiently getting access to essential nutrients when scarce, but do this when nutrient‐replete food is available in different quantity. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

11.
12.
全球范围内的氮沉降增加改变了生态系统氮(N)素循环过程,由此带来的生态学效应已成为当前研究的热点。以昆仑山高山草地生态系统2种优势植物黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)和针茅(Stipa capillata)为研究对象,开展人工氮肥添加试验,研究土壤-微生物-植物系统各组分生态化学计量特征对氮添加的响应特征。结果表明:①氮添加显著提高了土壤NH4^+-N和土壤NO3^--N含量(P<0.05),土壤全N、全磷(P)、速效P含量没有明显变化。②氮添加条件下针茅叶片N含量增加,P含量降低,而黄花棘豆N和P含量无明显变化。③土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)随着施氮量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,当施氮量为6N·m^-2·y^-1时呈现出最高值。土壤NH4+-N含量与土壤微生物量N含量有显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。综合分析表明,短期氮添加有利于土壤养分和微生物量的积累,促进植物和微生物养分吸收利用。2种优势植物的生态化学计量特征对氮沉降的响应不同,过量的氮输入将会造成植物生长受到P限制,氮沉降会改变昆仑山高山草地生态系统的生物地球化学循环过程。  相似文献   

13.
黄土丘陵区不同类型生物结皮下的土壤生态化学计量特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
生物结皮在土壤养分累积和循环中起着重要作用.本研究以黄土丘陵区浅色藻结皮、深色藻结皮、藻藓混合结皮、藓结皮、地衣结皮和普通念珠藻结皮6类典型生物结皮为对象,分析不同类型生物结皮土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量学特征,研究不同类型生物结皮对土壤养分的影响.结果表明:不同类型生物结皮土壤C、N、P、C/N、C/P、N/P差异显著;生物结皮层C、N、P、C/N、C/P、N/P均显著高于0~10 cm土层土壤.6类生物结皮土壤C、N含量均随土层加深而下降,P含量受土层深度影响较小.对于生物结皮层,藓结皮C、N、P含量分别为27.07、2.42、0.67 g·kg^-1,显著高于其他类型生物结皮.念珠藻结皮的0~2 cm土层土壤C、N、P、C/N、C/P、N/P显著高于其他类型生物结皮.  相似文献   

14.
Nutrient limitation of epilithic microbial activity is modified by stream discharge and drainage from the tundra surrounding the Kuparuk River, Alaska, USA. During 1984, after three weeks of whole stream enrichment with phosphorus, autotrophic activity per unit biomass had increased in the enriched section of the stream suggesting that phosphorus availability was limiting productivity. In contrast, after three weeks of phosphorus enrichment during 1985, heterotrophic and autotrophic activity was similar in the control and enriched sections of the stream. However, when ammonia or nitrate and phosphorus were added to an in situ bioassay chamber for two weeks, higher community biomass and heterotrophic activity resulted. Ten days later biomass significantly dropped in the unenriched section. Nitrate levels over this period increased four fold concomitantly with decreased stream discharge. Apparently during 1985, nitrogen was limiting epilithic microbial community in the phosphorus enriched section of the Kuparuk River. The significant negative relationship between nitrate concentration and stream discharge observed during 1984 supported the trends seen in 1985. These data suggest that nutrient concentrations which limit epilithic microbial activity and biomass are regulated by the stream discharge and drainage from the surrounding tundra.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
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16.
    
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17.
 为了解氮素沉降对草地群落的影响, 通过人工氮肥添加模拟试验, 研究了黄土高原天然草地优势植物长芒草(Stipa bungeana)在不同施氮水平下叶片和立枯物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量的变化特征, 探讨了N素增加对N、P重吸收率和C : N : P化学计量比的影响及其内在联系。结果表明: 氮素添加显著增加了长芒草叶片的C、N和立枯物的N、P含量, 对叶片P和立枯物C含量无显著影响; 氮素添加显著降低了长芒草的N、P重吸收率, 对照处理的N、P重吸收率最高, 分别为60.35%和
71.75%, 并且, 在相同氮素处理条件下P的重吸收率显著大于N重吸收率; 随着氮素添加量的增大, 叶片的C : N降低, N : P和C : P增加, N : P为18.25–29.01。研究表明, 黄土高原天然草地群落主要受P限制, 随氮素沉降增加, P限制进一步加剧; 长芒草较高的N、P重吸收率是保证其在贫瘠的土壤中生存的重要机制。  相似文献   

18.
土壤胞外酶活性和酶化学计量比能很好地反映土壤养分有效性和微生物对养分的需求变化.然而,氮(N)沉降对亚热带森林土壤微生物养分相对限制情况的影响尚不清楚.通过在亚热带毛竹林进行N添加试验来模拟N沉降,并在试验满5年时进行取样,测定不同处理下土壤养分和与碳(C)、N、磷(P)循环相关的酶活性,利用酶化学计量比及矢量分析探究...  相似文献   

19.
长期氮(N)沉降诱导了土壤养分失衡, 深刻影响着森林生态系统养分循环过程、生态功能及其可持续发展。前期研究发现N沉降下西南森林树木生长受到不同程度的磷(P)限制, 而土壤微生物是否表现出与植物养分限制特征协同的响应仍未明确。基于此, 该研究以西南山地典型人工针叶林——华山松(Pinus armandii)林为对象, 通过野外原位模拟N沉降实验, 测定了土壤有效养分供给、土壤微生物生物量(碳(C)、N、P)含量以及胞外酶活性, 结合生态酶化学计量的3种模型(比值模型、矢量分析模型与阈值元素比率模型)验证森林根际/非根际土壤中微生物是否受P养分限制。结果表明: (1) N添加下两个土壤位置(根际和非根际土壤)酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性分别显著升高52.5%和53.2%, 导致土壤酶活性N:P分别降低7.8%和4.8%; (2)矢量模型分析发现N添加下两个土壤位置的矢量角度均大于45°, 根际土壤和非根际土壤的矢量角度分别为52.2°和49.0°; (3) N添加下两个土壤位置C:P阈值(TERC:P)显著降低, 导致C:P阈值与土壤有效C:P的比值(TERC:P/AvC:P)远小于1, 且根际土壤表现更明显。综上所述, 3个模型均表明N沉降加剧了土壤微生物代谢的P限制, 且根际土壤微生物P限制程度更强, 这与土壤和微生物养分含量及其化学计量特征密切相关。该研究结果可为全球气候变化下森林生态系统的适应性管理提供重要科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
以米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)凋落叶为研究对象,于2021年4—7月,对照森林地表和持续流水的溪流,研究间歇性溪流凋落叶分解过程中胞外酶活性变化规律。结果表明:(1)间歇性溪流凋落叶分解过程中酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性总体高于地表,低于溪流。(2)通过分析胞外酶化学计量比和矢量特征,发现三种生境凋落叶分解过程中微生物群落受碳和磷的共同限制。分解初期,间歇性溪流凋落叶分解过程中微生物群落相对碳限制程度高于其他两个生境,但相对磷限制低于地表,高于溪流;随着分解的进行,间歇性溪流凋落叶分解过程中微生物群落相对磷限制程度逐渐减弱,相对碳限制程度逐渐加强。(3)统计分析表明,间歇性溪流中大气温度是凋落叶分解过程中胞外酶活性的主控因子,而地表凋落叶分解过程中胞外酶活性与大气温度、地表温度和土壤含水量关系更为密切,溪流凋落叶分解过程中胞外酶活性主要受水体温度、溪流深度和气温等因子的影响。研究结果为全面认识亚热带森林生态系统物质迁移与循环过程提供了新思路和科学依据。  相似文献   

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