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1.
以腾格里沙漠东南缘天然植被区藓类结皮和藻-地衣结皮-土壤为研究对象,利用开顶式生长室(OTC),采用Li-8150系统连续测定了冬季(2015年11月—2016年1月)低温环境下两类结皮-土壤呼吸的变化,分析了低温及模拟增温对两类结皮-土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明: 观测期内,藓类结皮、藻-地衣结皮-土壤呼吸速率分别为-0.052～0.418、-0.032～0.493 μmol·m-2·s-1,且藓类结皮显著高于藻-地衣结皮-土壤系统.不同类型结皮-土壤呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度和土壤体积含水量均呈显著线性正相关,增温主要是通过加速土壤水分蒸散而抑制生物结皮-土壤呼吸速率.在整个观测期,藓类结皮-土壤系统累计排放9.90 g C·m-2,显著高于藻-地衣结皮-土壤系统的7.00 g C·m-2.研究区生物结皮-土壤系统冬季累计排放7.40 g C·m-2,是该荒漠生态系统全年碳收支的重要组成部分. 相似文献
2.
为探讨耕作措施对旱地农田土壤呼吸的影响,采用动态气室法在山西寿阳地区对秸秆还田、免耕覆盖、浅旋耕、常规耕作4种耕作措施下玉米生长季土壤呼吸及影响因子进行了测定和分析。结果表明,4种耕作措施下土壤呼吸速率的日和季节变化规律明显,均呈单峰型,呼吸速率的日峰值出现在11:30 13:30,呼吸速率的季节峰值出现在7月上旬至中旬。浅旋耕、秸秆还田、常规耕作、免耕覆盖措施整个生长季平均土壤呼吸速率分别为2.82、2.77、2.64μmolCO.2m-.2s-1和2.49μmolCO.2m-.2s-1,处理间无显著差异。研究结果还显示土壤温度和湿度是影响旱地农田土壤呼吸的主要因子,二者分别解释了土壤呼吸季节变化的55%78%,20%43%。4种措施下土壤呼吸的温度敏感系数Q10值在2.19 3.07之间,大小依次为免耕覆盖浅旋耕秸秆还田常规耕作。对水分的敏感性依次为免耕覆盖秸秆还田浅旋耕常规耕作。 相似文献
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为研究旱作农田春玉米生育期不同耕作土壤呼吸变化特征及其对水热因子的响应情况,在山西省寿阳县旱农试验基地采用红外气体分析法测定了传统耕作(CT)、少耕(RT)和免耕(NT)土壤呼吸速率,并同步测定了各土层土壤水分、温度.研究表明:在春玉米生育期内,土壤呼吸速率均呈单峰型变化趋势,峰值出现在8月;传统耕作与少耕土壤呼吸速率变化趋势基本一致,而免耕土壤与前两者相比波动幅度较大;土壤呼吸峰值与水分、温度之间无明显相关,其余时期土壤呼吸与水分、温度因子具有良好的相关性;双因子模型较单因子模型能更好的描述土壤呼吸与水分、温度之间关系,基于水热双因子(10-20 cm)的指数-幂模型能够解释土壤呼吸变化的81％-87％ (P＜O.01);3种耕作土壤呼吸对水热因子协同影响的敏感性表现为CT＞NT＞RT. 相似文献
5.
Respiration of heterotrophic microorganisms decomposing soil organic carbon releases carbon dioxide from soils to the atmosphere. In the short term, soil microbial respiration is strongly dependent on temperature. In the long term, the response of heterotrophic soil respiration to temperature is uncertain. However, following established evolutionary trade‐offs, mass‐specific respiration (Rmass) rates of heterotrophic soil microbes should decrease in response to sustained increases in temperature (and vice‐versa). Using a laboratory microcosm approach, we tested the potential for the Rmass of the microbial biomass in six different soils to adapt to three, experimentally imposed, thermal regimes (constant 10, 20 or 30 °C). To determine Rmass rates of the heterotrophic soil microbial biomass across the temperature range of the imposed thermal regimes, we periodically assayed soil subsamples using similar approaches to those used in plant, animal and microbial thermal adaptation studies. As would be expected given trade‐offs between maximum catalytic rates and the stability of the binding structure of enzymes, after 77 days of incubation Rmass rates across the range of assay temperatures were greatest for the 10 °C experimentally incubated soils and lowest for the 30 °C soils, with the 20 °C incubated soils intermediate. The relative magnitude of the difference in Rmass rates between the different incubation temperature treatments was unaffected by assay temperature, suggesting that maximum activities and not Q10 were the characteristics involved in thermal adaptation. The time taken for changes in Rmass to manifest (77 days) suggests they likely resulted from population or species shifts during the experimental incubations; we discuss alternate mechanistic explanations for those results we observed. A future research priority is to evaluate the role that thermal adaptation plays in regulating heterotrophic respiration rates from field soils in response to changing temperature, whether seasonally or through climate change. 相似文献
6.
Respiration by plants and microorganisms is primarily responsible for mediating carbon exchanges between the biosphere and atmosphere. Climate warming has the potential to influence the activity of these organisms, regulating exchanges between carbon pools. Physiological ‘down‐regulation’ of warm‐adapted species (acclimation) could ameliorate the predicted respiratory losses of soil carbon under climate change scenarios, but unlike plants and symbiotic microbes, the existence of this phenomenon in heterotrophic soil microbes remains controversial. Previous studies using complex soil microbial communities are unable to distinguish physiological acclimation from other community‐scale adjustments. We explored the temperature‐sensitivity of individual saprotrophic basidiomycete fungi growing in agar, showing definitively that these widespread heterotrophic fungi can acclimate to temperature. In almost all cases, the warm‐acclimated individuals had lower growth and respiration rates at intermediate temperatures than cold‐acclimated isolates. Inclusion of such microbial physiological responses to warming is essential to enhance the robustness of global climate‐ecosystem carbon models. 相似文献
7.
Jin-Tao Li Yan Zhang Hongyang Chen Huiming Sun Weitao Tian Jinquan Li Xiang Liu Shurong Zhou Changming Fang Bo Li Ming Nie 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(3):874-889
The thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration contributes to a decrease in warming-induced enhancement of soil respiration over time, which could weaken the positive feedback between the carbon cycle and climate warming. Climate warming is also predicted to cause a worldwide decrease in soil moisture, which has an effect on the microbial metabolism of soil carbon. However, whether and how changes in moisture affect the thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration are unexplored. Here, using soils from an 8-year warming experiment in an alpine grassland, we assayed the thermal response of microbial respiration rates at different soil moisture levels. The results showed that relatively low soil moisture suppressed the thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration, leading to an enhanced response to warming. A subsequent moisture incubation experiment involving off-plot soils also showed that the response of microbial respiration to 100 d warming shifted from a slight compensatory response to an enhanced response with decreasing incubation moisture. Further analysis revealed that such respiration regulation by moisture was associated with shifts in enzymatic activities and carbon use efficiency. Our findings suggest that future drought induced by climate warming might weaken the thermal compensatory capacity of microbial respiration, with important consequences for carbon–climate feedback. 相似文献
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Soil microbial respiration is expected to show adaptations to changing temperatures, greatly weakening the magnitude of feedback over time, as shown in labile carbon substrates. However, whether such thermal adaptation persists during long-term soil carbon decomposition as carbon substrates decrease in decomposability remains unknown. Here, we conducted a 6-year incubation experiment in natural and arable soils with distinct properties under three temperatures (10, 20 and 30°C). Mass-specific microbial respiration was consistently lower under higher long-term incubation temperatures, suggesting the occurrence and persistence of microbial thermal adaptation in long-term soil carbon decomposition. Furthermore, changes in microbial community composition and function largely explained the persistence of microbial respiratory thermal adaptation. If such thermal adaptation generally occurs in large low-decomposability carbon pools, warming-induced soil carbon losses may be lower than previously predicted and thus may not contribute as much as expected to greenhouse warming. 相似文献
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Adjustment of ecosystem root respiration to warmer climatic conditions can alter the autotrophic portion of soil respiration and influence the amount of carbon available for biomass production. We examined 44 published values of annual forest root respiration and found an increase in ecosystem root respiration with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT),but the rate of this cross-ecosystem increase (Q10 = 1.6) is less than published values for short-term responses of root respiration to temperature within ecosystems (Q10 = 2-3). When specific root respiration rates and root biomass values were examined, there was a clear trend for decreasing root metabolic capacity (respiration rate at a standard temperature) with increasing MAT. There also were tradeoffs between root metabolic capacity and root system biomass, such that there were no instances of high growing season respiration rates and high root biomass occurring together. We also examined specific root respiration rates at three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest, USA, and found decreases in metabolic capacity for roots from the heated plots. This decline could be due to either physiological acclimation or to the effects of co-occurring drier soils on the measurement date. Regardless of the cause, these findings clearly suggest that modeling efforts that allow root respiration to increase exponentially with temperature, with Qt0 values of 2 or more, may over-predict root contributions to ecosystem CO2 efflux for future climates and underestimate the amount of C available for other uses,including net primary productivity. 相似文献
10.
崇明东滩藻类盐渍带大型底栖动物功能群的划分及其分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在崇明东滩藻类盐渍带大型底栖动物取样调研的基础上,依据食性、生活型以及传统分类特征进行3种形式的功能群划分,并分析其组成与时空分布特征。调查期间,共采集到大型底栖动物19种,主要优势种(IRI20)均属于双壳类。结果表明:功能群组成存在明显的时空变化特征;对同一功能群及相应的功能群整体而言,其空间分布较其时间分布差异更为显著;但不同划分方式功能群整体时空分布特征有所不同,其密度与物种数均以生活型功能群整体的时空分布差异最为显著,而食性功能群则最不明显;单个功能群的密度与物种数以生活型功能群中的底上型功能群的时空分布差异最为显著;不同划分方式功能群所反映的大型底栖动物群落相关信息存在差异,在具体研究中应考虑不同功能群划分方式的组合,以达到多层次反映系统信息的目的。 相似文献
11.
模拟酸雨对苦楝生理生态特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以盆栽一年生苦楝(Melia azedarach)为试材,4个p H梯度(5.6(CK)、4.5、3.5和2.5)的模拟酸雨每2 d喷洒叶片1次,探讨处理20、40和60 d对叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量、可溶性蛋白含量、细胞膜透性、MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性等的影响。结果表明:随处理时间的延长,可溶性蛋白含量在p H 4.5下呈先升后降趋势,最大增幅为10.3%,p H 3.5和p H 2.5呈降低趋势,最大降幅为42.9%;质膜透性和MDA含量均显著增加,最大增幅分别为84.6%和145.5%;SOD在p H 4.5下呈升高趋势,p H 3.5下先升高后降低,p H 2.5下呈降低趋势,最大增幅和降幅分别为47.9%和20.9%;CAT在p H 4.5下呈先升后降趋势,p H 3.5和p H 2.5下呈降低趋势,最大增幅和降幅分别为23.0%和27.0%;POD在p H 4.5和p H 3.5下呈升高趋势,p H 2.5呈降低趋势,最大增幅和降幅依次47.1%和17.6%;Chla、Chlb和叶绿素总量减少,最大降幅分别为39.0%、37.0%和38.3%。结合叶片的外观形态、脱落率和株高增量发现,p H 3.5下苦楝叶片变黄,脱落率显著增加(P0.05),p H 2.5下叶片严重变形,株高显著降低(P0.05),由此认为,苦楝耐酸雨的阈值大约为p H 3.5。 相似文献
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在福建省三明市陈大国有林场开展杉木幼苗土壤增温试验,采用内生长环法研究土壤增温(+5℃)对杉木幼苗细根比呼吸速率和非结构性碳的影响,分析杉木人工林对全球变暖的地下响应及其适应性.结果表明:增温第二年,土壤增温引起细根组织内非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的较大变化,1月增温处理0~1 mm细根NSC和淀粉浓度下降,1~2 mm细根可溶性糖和NSC浓度下降;7月增温处理0~1 mm细根NSC、可溶性糖和淀粉浓度提高,使1~2mm细根淀粉浓度增加.增温第3年,土壤增温对细根NSC无显著影响.增温处理使0~1 mm细根比根呼吸速率在增温第二年7月增加,而在第三年7月下降;与0~1 mm细根相比,增温处理对1~2 mm细根比呼吸速率没有显著影响.细根呼吸对增温的响应与增温持续时间有关,随增温时间的延长,细根呼吸产生部分驯化,同时能够使细根NSC浓度保持稳定. 相似文献
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土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性被认为是决定陆地生态系统对全球变暖反馈作用的潜在重要机制,可能显著改变未来的气候变化趋势,然而学术界对于这一机制是否真实存在尚有分歧。阐述了土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性概念,从证据、机理和争议3方面对已有研究进展进行了综述和分析。土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性是微生物在群落尺度上对温度变化的适应性,具有坚实的生物学与生态学理论基础,研究者们运用各类指标已在许多实验中证实土壤微生物物种及群落的呼吸过程能够在高温环境产生适应性变化。土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性机理涉及生物膜结构变化、酶活性变化、微生物碳分配比例变化和微生物群落结构变化等方面。关于土壤微生物呼吸热适应性的争议可能是由研究方法、微生物物种及环境条件的差异引起的。根据对已有研究的分析,认为土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性是真实存在的,未来的研究可进一步探索土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性机理,深入研究环境和全球变化对土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性影响,定量评估土壤微生物呼吸的热适应性对陆地生态系统反馈过程的影响。 相似文献
14.
Pablo García‐Palacios Cristina Escolar Marina Dacal Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo Beatriz Gozalo Victoria Ochoa Fernando T. Maestre 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(10):4645-4656
A positive soil carbon (C)‐climate feedback is embedded into the climatic models of the IPCC. However, recent global syntheses indicate that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (RS) in drylands, the largest biome on Earth, is actually lower in warmed than in control plots. Consequently, soil C losses with future warming are expected to be low compared with other biomes. Nevertheless, the empirical basis for these global extrapolations is still poor in drylands, due to the low number of field experiments testing the pathways behind the long‐term responses of soil respiration (RS) to warming. Importantly, global drylands are covered with biocrusts (communities formed by bryophytes, lichens, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria), and thus, RS responses to warming may be driven by both autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways. Here, we evaluated the effects of 8‐year experimental warming on RS, and the different pathways involved, in a biocrust‐dominated dryland in southern Spain. We also assessed the overall impacts on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation over time. Across the years and biocrust cover levels, warming reduced RS by 0.30 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 (95% CI = ?0.24 to 0.84), although the negative warming effects were only significant after 3 years of elevated temperatures in areas with low initial biocrust cover. We found support for different pathways regulating the warming‐induced reduction in RS at areas with low (microbial thermal acclimation via reduced soil mass‐specific respiration and β‐glucosidase enzymatic activity) vs. high (microbial thermal acclimation jointly with a reduction in autotrophic respiration from decreased lichen cover) initial biocrust cover. Our 8‐year experimental study shows a reduction in soil respiration with warming and highlights that biocrusts should be explicitly included in modeling efforts aimed to quantify the soil C–climate feedback in drylands. 相似文献
15.
Yaoming Li Wangwang Lv Lili Jiang Lirong Zhang Shiping Wang Qi Wang Kai Xue Bowen Li Peipei Liu Huan Hong Wangmu Renzen A Wang Caiyun Luo Zhenhua Zhang Tsechoe Dorji Neslihan Ta Zhezhen Wang Huakun Zhou Yanfen Wang 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(10):3438-3449
Changes in labile carbon (LC) pools and microbial communities are the primary factors controlling soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in warming experiments. Warming is expected to initially increase Rh but studies show this increase may not be continuous or sustained. Specifically, LC and soil microbiome have been shown to contribute to the effect of extended warming on Rh. However, their relative contribution is unclear and this gap in knowledge causes considerable uncertainty in the prediction of carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change. In this study, we used a two‐step incubation approach to reveal the relative contribution of LC limitation and soil microbial community responses in attenuating the effect that extended warming has on Rh. Soil samples from three Tibetan ecosystems—an alpine meadow (AM), alpine steppe (AS), and desert steppe (DS)—were exposed to a temperature gradient of 5–25°C. After an initial incubation period, soils were processed in one of two methods: (a) soils were sterilized then inoculated with parent soil microbes to assess the LC limitation effects, while controlling for microbial community responses; or (b) soil microbes from the incubations were used to inoculate sterilized parent soils to assess the microbial community effects, while controlling for LC limitation. We found both LC limitation and microbial community responses led to significant declines in Rh by 37% and 30%, respectively, but their relative contributions were ecosystem specific. LC limitation alone caused a greater Rh decrease for DS soils than AMs or ASs. Our study demonstrates that soil carbon loss due to Rh in Tibetan alpine soils—especially in copiotrophic soils—will be weakened by microbial community responses under short‐term warming. 相似文献
16.
Vidya Suseela Richard T. Conant Matthew D. Wallenstein Jeffrey S. Dukes 《Global Change Biology》2012,18(1):336-348
Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter produces a major flux of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems and can act as a feedback to climate change. Although climate‐carbon models suggest that warming will accelerate the release of CO2 from soils, the magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, mostly due to uncertainty in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition. We examined how warming and altered precipitation affected the rate and temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) at the Boston‐Area Climate Experiment, in Massachusetts, USA. We measured Rh inside deep collars that excluded plant roots and litter inputs. In this mesic ecosystem, Rh responded strongly to precipitation. Drought reduced Rh, both annually and during the growing season. Warming increased Rh only in early spring. During the summer, when Rh was highest, we found evidence of threshold, hysteretic responses to soil moisture: Rh decreased sharply when volumetric soil moisture dropped below ~15% or exceeded ~26%, but Rh increased more gradually when soil moisture rose from the lower threshold. The effect of climate treatments on the temperature sensitivity of Rh depended on the season. Apparent Q10 decreased with high warming (~3.5 °C) in spring and fall. Presumably due to limiting soil moisture, warming and precipitation treatments did not affect apparent Q10 in summer. Drought decreased apparent Q10 in fall compared to ambient and wet precipitation treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first field study to examine the response of Rh and its temperature sensitivity to the combined effects of warming and altered precipitation. Our results highlight the complex responses of Rh to soil moisture, and to our knowledge identify for the first time the seasonal variation in the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in the field. We emphasize the importance of adequately simulating responses such as these when modeling trajectories of soil carbon stocks under climate change scenarios. 相似文献
17.
Luiz A. Domeignoz-Horta Grace Pold Hailey Erb David Sebag Eric Verrecchia Trent Northen Katherine Louie Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh Christa Pennacchio Melissa A. Knorr Serita D. Frey Jerry M. Melillo Kristen M. DeAngelis 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(6):1574-1590
Microbes are responsible for cycling carbon (C) through soils, and predicted changes in soil C stocks under climate change are highly sensitive to shifts in the mechanisms assumed to control the microbial physiological response to warming. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the long-term warming impact on microbial physiology: microbial thermal acclimation and changes in the quantity and quality of substrates available for microbial metabolism. Yet studies disentangling these two mechanisms are lacking. To resolve the drivers of changes in microbial physiology in response to long-term warming, we sampled soils from 13- and 28-year-old soil warming experiments in different seasons. We performed short-term laboratory incubations across a range of temperatures to measure the relationships between temperature sensitivity of physiology (growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency, and extracellular enzyme activity) and the chemical composition of soil organic matter. We observed apparent thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, but only in summer, when warming had exacerbated the seasonally-induced, already small dissolved organic matter pools. Irrespective of warming, greater quantity and quality of soil carbon increased the extracellular enzymatic pool and its temperature sensitivity. We propose that fresh litter input into the system seasonally cancels apparent thermal acclimation of C-cycling processes to decadal warming. Our findings reveal that long-term warming has indirectly affected microbial physiology via reduced C availability in this system, implying that earth system models including these negative feedbacks may be best suited to describe long-term warming effects on these soils. 相似文献
18.
In a number of recent field studies, the positive response of soil respiration to warming has been shown to decline over time. The two main differing hypotheses proposed to explain these results are: (1) soil microbial respiration acclimates to the increased temperature, and (2) substrate availability within the soil decreases with warming so reducing the rate of soil respiration. To investigate the relative merits of these two hypotheses, soil samples (both intact cores and sieved samples) from a 3-year grassland soil-warming and shading experiment were incubated for 4 weeks at three different temperatures under constant laboratory conditions. We tested the hypothesis that sieving the soils would reduce differences in substrate availability between warmed and control plot samples and would therefore result in similar respiration rates if microbial activity had not acclimated to soil warming. In addition, to further test the effect of substrate availability, we compared the respiration rates of soils taken from shaded and unshaded plots. Both soil warming and shading significantly reduced respiration rates in the intact cores, especially under higher incubation temperatures. However, sieving the soil greatly reduced these differences suggesting that substrate availability, and not microbial acclimation to the higher temperatures, played the dominant role in determining the response of heterotrophic soil respiration to warming. The effect of shading appeared to be mediated by reduced plant productivity affecting substrate availability within the soil and hence microbial activity. Given the lack of evidence for thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, there remains the potential for prolonged carbon losses from soils in response to warming. 相似文献
19.
Edmund M. Ryan Kiona Ogle Tamara J. Zelikova Dan R. LeCain David G. Williams Jack A. Morgan Elise Pendall 《Global Change Biology》2015,21(7):2588-2602
Terrestrial plant and soil respiration, or ecosystem respiration (Reco), represents a major CO2 flux in the global carbon cycle. However, there is disagreement in how Reco will respond to future global changes, such as elevated atmosphere CO2 and warming. To address this, we synthesized six years (2007–2012) of Reco data from the Prairie Heating And CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment. We applied a semi‐mechanistic temperature–response model to simultaneously evaluate the response of Reco to three treatment factors (elevated CO2, warming, and soil water manipulation) and their interactions with antecedent soil conditions [e.g., past soil water content (SWC) and temperature (SoilT)] and aboveground factors (e.g., vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, vegetation greenness). The model fits the observed Reco well (R2 = 0.77). We applied the model to estimate annual (March–October) Reco, which was stimulated under elevated CO2 in most years, likely due to the indirect effect of elevated CO2 on SWC. When aggregated from 2007 to 2012, total six‐year Reco was stimulated by elevated CO2 singly (24%) or in combination with warming (28%). Warming had little effect on annual Reco under ambient CO2, but stimulated it under elevated CO2 (32% across all years) when precipitation was high (e.g., 44% in 2009, a ‘wet’ year). Treatment‐level differences in Reco can be partly attributed to the effects of antecedent SoilT and vegetation greenness on the apparent temperature sensitivity of Reco and to the effects of antecedent and current SWC and vegetation activity (greenness modulated by VPD) on Reco base rates. Thus, this study indicates that the incorporation of both antecedent environmental conditions and aboveground vegetation activity are critical to predicting Reco at multiple timescales (subdaily to annual) and under a future climate of elevated CO2 and warming. 相似文献
20.
M. L. Pappas G. D. Broufas N. Koufali P. Pieri D. S. Koveos 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2011,135(5):359-366
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae Gmelin is a major olive pest in Greece and other Mediterranean countries. Its population density and respective olive infestation is usually low in many areas of northern Greece during summer months. To some extent, this may be due to the prevailing high temperature and low relative humidity conditions. In the present work the effects of short term exposure to high temperatures on the survival and egg production of B. oleae pre‐imaginal stages and adults were studied under laboratory conditions. Different larval instars within infested green olive fruits, adults and pupae and were exposed for 2 h to a series of different high constant temperatures ranging from 34 to 42°C. Subsequently, survival percentages of pre‐imaginal stages and adults as well as the number of eggs laid by females previously exposed to high temperatures were determined. At temperatures up to 38°C high survival percentages of larvae and adults were observed, whereas pupae displayed a relatively increased heat tolerance up to 40°C. Female longevity and egg production were substantially reduced after heat stress. Prior acclimation at 33°C for 1 and 3 days resulted in increased adult survival following heat stress. We discuss the results with respect to the ability of the fly to survive and reproduce under high summer temperatures. 相似文献