西洋参冠瘿组织培养及其人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1的产生

考察了培养基组成、培养时间、接种量、pH值、肌醇浓度等对冠瘿组织生长及其人参皂苷含量的影响 ;用HPLC检测了冠瘿组织中人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1 的含量。高压纸层析电泳证实 ,根癌农杆菌Ti质粒上的T DNA片段已整合进入植物细胞核基因组中。在考察的 6种培养基中 ,White培养基最适合人参皂苷Rg1 的累积(0 0 95 % ) ,MS培养基最适合人参皂苷Re的累积 (0 194 % )。以MS为基本培养基培养 36d、32d时人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1 累积含量最高 (分别为 0 14 7%和 0 0 6 1% ) ;接种量为 4g、2g (FW flask) ,有利于人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rg1的累积 ;培养基pH 5 8时人参皂苷Re含量最高 (0 184 % ) ,培养基pH 5 6时人参皂苷Rg1 累积量最高 (0 0 5 4 % ) ;肌醇浓度为 0 0 5g L时 ,能促进人参皂苷Re合成 (0 182 % ) ,浓度为 0 30g L时 ,有利于人参皂苷Rg1 累积 (0 0 5 5 % )。     

人参皂苷Rg5对脓毒血症大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg5对脓毒血症大鼠引起急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用.方法:30只大鼠建立盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)脓毒症模型,随机均分为以下3组(n=10):阴性对照组(Sham组)、CLP组及CLP+Rg5组.各组分别于手术后24 h时检测大鼠血清TNF-、IL-6、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及IL-10含量;手术24 h后检测肺组织干湿重比(W/D)、髓过氧化物酶活性(MPO)及NF-кB活性;HE法进行肺组织学评分.结果:CLP+Rg5组血浆及肺组织HMGB1和TNF-水平明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05).CLP+Rg5组肺组织W/D、MPO活性、NF-кB活性及肺组织损伤评分均明显低于CLP组(P＜0.05).IL-10水平24h时在各组动物比较结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:人参皂苷Rg5可以改善脓毒血症引起ALI时炎症反应从而发挥肺保护作用.     

人参皂甙Rg1对体外人胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及机制

本研究用不同浓度人参皂甙Rg1作用人胃癌BGC-823细胞24 h、48 h和72 h,采用MTT法、流式细胞术及半定量RT-PCR检测GS-Rg1对胃癌细胞的增殖抑制作用、细胞周期分布时相和p16~(INK4a)、p21~(WAF1)表达水平的影响,以探讨人参皂甙Rg1对人胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖的抑制作用及机制。结果表明,随着作用时间和浓度的增加,人参皂甙Rg1对胃癌细胞增殖抑制作用逐渐增强(P<0.05),G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加,G_2/S期细胞比例下降,p16~(INK4a)、p21~(WAF1)基因水平上调。上述结果提示人参皂甙Rg1能抑制体外培养的胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖,其机制可能与上调肿瘤细胞内细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子p16~(INK4a)及p21~(WAF1)mRNA的表达有关。     

人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

人参作为传统中药家喻户晓,其提纯的重要活性成分之一一一人参皂苷Rg3,在科研中发现,具有多方向、多“靶点”抗肿瘤作用,并在临床治疗中不断被证实和推广.目前发现:人参皂苷Rg3具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖作用;通过激活凋亡基因活性或抑制凋亡抑制蛋白等,从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡;抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移;抑制肿瘤血管生成因子的信号传导途径,促进肿瘤血管生成抑制因子的表达,从而抑制肿瘤新生血管形成;与部分化学药物联合,可明显提高效果,同时对临床患者无明显血液系统毒性,并提高生活质量等作用.近年临床及体外实验证明,人参皂苷Rg3对多个系统并以不同机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,而对其研究仍在不断探索新的方向.作为祖国传统中药中提纯的单体抗肿瘤药物,在现今综合抗肿瘤治疗中意义深刻.     

人参皂苷Rg1对MDA诱导小鼠间充质干细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的：观察人参皂苷Rg1 （Ginsenoside Rg1,GS-Rg1）对丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）诱导的小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）凋亡的保护作用,并探讨其作用的可能机制.方法：以不同剂量（10、50、100 mg/L）人参皂苷Rg1预处理24 h,在小鼠骨髓MSC体外培养体系中加入MDA,TUNEL法,流式细胞术检测MSC凋亡率,Q-RT-PCR和Westen印迹分析检测Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3表达.结果：GS-Rg1可以减少TUNEL阳性细胞百分率及亚G1峰凋亡细胞百分率,增加Bcl-2mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,降低Bax和Caspase-3mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结论：GS-Rg1对MDA诱导小鼠间充质干细胞凋亡具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与增加Bc1-2表达,降低Bax和Caspase-3表达有关.     

人参皂苷Rg1对衰老模型大鼠骨髓造血功能的影响及其机理

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对衰老模型大鼠骨髓造血功能的影响及其机理。方法:SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。衰老模型组,皮下注射D-半乳糖120mg/kg qd×42;Rg1衰老模型组,注射D-半乳糖剂量与时间同衰老模型组,第15d起腹腔注射Rg1 20mg/kg qd×28;正常对照组,皮下注射生理盐水qd×42;Rg1正常对照组,注射生理盐水qd×14,第15d起腹腔注射Rg1(同Rg1衰老模型组)。模型复制或药物注射完成后第2d,采外周血检测血白细胞总数与分类计数和晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs),骨髓单个核细胞(BMNCs)计数,衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测BMNCs衰老百分率,多向造血祖细胞集落(CFU-Mix)培养检测BMMCs形成集落能力;Western blotting检测BMMCs衰老相关蛋白P21和P53的变化;提取腹腔巨噬细胞进行培养,比色法检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果:与衰老模型组比较,Rg1衰老模型组外周血白细胞数量增多,淋巴细胞比例升高,粒细胞比例降低,CD8+T细胞所占比例降低,CD4+T细胞所占比例升高,外周血AGEs水平降低,每根股骨的BMMCs细胞数增多,SA-β-Gal染色阳性的BMMCs明显降低,BMMCs形成CFU-Mix能力提高,P21和P53的表达下调,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红指数上升。结论:D-半乳糖复制的衰老模型大鼠骨髓造血功能损伤明显,人参皂苷Rg1对其致衰损伤有明确的保护作用,可能机理与调控p53/p21信号通路有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1对阿尔茨海默症大鼠BDNF⁃TrkB信号通路的影响

为了探究人参皂苷Rg1对阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer's disease, AD）大鼠模型脑源性神经营养因子/酪氨酸激酶受体B（BDNF-TrkB）信号通路的影响,选取75只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组及高剂量Rg1组,每组15只。取各组大鼠脑组织制备脑片,除空白对照组外,其他组加入Aβ1-42试剂制备AD模型,低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组和高剂量Rg1组分别使用60、120、240 μmol·L^-1 Rg1处理。采用HE染色观察脑组织病理损伤,TUNEL染色检测脑组织细胞凋亡,比色法测定脑片中乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,Ach）、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平和乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase,TChE）活力,蛋白质印迹法检测各组脑片中切割后半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Cleaved Caspase-3）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关蛋白X（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）及BDNF-TrkB信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。与空白对照组相比,模型组脑组织细胞凋亡数、Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax/Bcl-2及TChE水平显著增加,5-HT、Ach、BDNF及TrkB蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组和高剂量Rg1组脑组织细胞凋亡数、Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax/Bcl-2及TChE水平显著降低,5-HT、Ach、BDNF及TrkB蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,且具有剂量依赖性。人参皂苷Rg1可有效保护阿尔茨海默症模型大鼠脑组织,抑制神经细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活BDNF-TrkB信号通路相关。通过分析人参皂苷Rg1对AD大鼠模型的保护机制,以期为人参皂苷Rg1用于治疗AD奠定理论基础。     

人参皂苷Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶3(Caspase-3)表达的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、人参皂苷Rg110、20、40mg/kg组、尼莫地平组,每组10只。采用线栓法栓塞大脑中动脉2h制作大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型;观察再灌注22h后神经功能缺损评分;应用免疫组化、免疫印迹法检测大脑皮层缺血半暗带Caspase-3的表达。结果(1)假手术组、模型组、人参皂苷Rg110、20、40mg/kg组和尼莫地平组神经功能缺损评分分别为0、2.8±0.9、2.1±0.9、1.5±0.7、1.3±1.1、1.5±0.7,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。人参皂苷Rg120、40mg/kg组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);人参皂苷Rg110mg/kg组与尼莫地平组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);人参皂苷Rg120、40mg/kg组与尼莫地平组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)免疫组化和免疫印迹结果显示各组大鼠皮层缺血半暗带均有Caspase-3的表达,其中假手术组仅有少量表达,模型组表达最多。与模型组比较,人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组及尼莫地平组Caspase-3表达量减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与尼莫地平组比较,人参皂苷Rg110mg/kg组的Caspase-3表达量显著增高,40mg/kg组显著降低(P0.05),而20mg/kg组则差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人参皂苷Rg1防治脑缺血再灌注的机制与抑制脑组织Caspase-3表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好。     

人参皂苷Rg1调控神经干细胞衰老作用及机制探讨

用三丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)构建神经干细胞(NSC)体外衰老模型,探讨人参皂苷Rgl延缓NSC衰老的作用及机制,为寻找延缓NSC衰老新途径提供理论和实验依据。将从新生SD大鼠海马组织中分离纯化的第三代NSC随机分为五组。对照组:在NSC完全培养基中培养2 h;衰老模型组:在对照组基础上加入终浓度为100μmol/L的t-BHP培养2 h;Rg1组:在对照组基础上加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1培养2 h;Rg1抗衰老组:在衰老造模同时加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1培养2h;Rg1治疗衰老组:终浓度为100μmol/L的t-BHP培养2h后再加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1继续培养2 h。MTT法、神经球计数、分化细胞计数以及衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色阳性神经球计数分析Rg1调控NSC衰老的生物学作用,RT-PCR检测衰老相关基因p16~(1NK4a)、p21~(Cipl/Wafl)mRNA的表达。结果显示,与衰老组比较,Rg1抗衰老组和治疗衰老组NSC的增殖能力和多向分化能力显著增强;衰老特异性SA-β-Gal染色阳性神经球百分比显著降低,p16~(INK4a)、p21~(Cip...     

人参皂苷Rg1抑制大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌纤维化

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1对大鼠心肌梗死后心脏纤维化发生的影响。方法:通过结扎SD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,并将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分单纯手术组与人参皂苷Rg1治疗组。治疗组的大鼠造模1 h后将预先配成药液的人参皂甙Rgl按5 rag/(kg·d)剂量腹腔注射,1/日至处死当日。对照组则腹腔注射等量生理盐水1/日至处死当日。分别于手术后1、2周时对比两组大鼠的基本生命指标,后通过马松染色对比观察各组大鼠心脏细胞形态特征以及瘢痕形成情况。结果:(1)无论是手术后1周还是2周,两组大鼠的体重、心脏重量、心重/体重、鼠尾收缩压、心率比较均没有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)无论是手术后1周后还是2周后,人参皂苷Rg1治疗组心脏瘢痕形成要明显少于对照组。结论:人参皂苷Rg1能够有效抑制大鼠急性心肌梗后心脏纤维化的发生。     

Long non-coding RNA Linc00152 is involved in cell cycle arrest,apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition,cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer remains a serious threat to public health with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression and are involved in various pathological processes, including gastric cancer. To investigate the possible role of dysregulated lncRNAs in gastric cancer development, we performed lncRNA microarray and identified 3141 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs in gastric cancer tissues. Next, some of deregulated lncRNAs were validated among about 60 paired gastric cancer specimens such as Linc00261, DKFZP434K028, RPL34-AS1, H19, HOTAIR and Linc00152. Our results found that the decline of DKFZP434K028 and RPL34-AS1, and the increased expression of Linc00152 positively correlated with larger tumor size. The high expression levels of HOTAIR were associated with lymphatic metastasis and poor differentiation. Since the biological roles of Linc00152 are largely unknown in gastric cancer pathogenesis, we assessed its functions by silencing its up-regulation in gastric cancer cells. We found that Linc00152 knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation, promote cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, trigger late apoptosis, reduce the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, and suppress cell migration and invasion. Taken together, we delineate the gastric cancer lncRNA signature and demonstrate the oncogenic functions of Linc00152. These findings may have implications for developing lncRNA-based biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutics for gastric cancer.     

LncRNA CASC11 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation,migration and invasion in vitro by regulating cell cycle pathway

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lncRNA CASC11 on gastric cancer (GC) cell progression through regulating miR-340-5p and cell cycle pathway. Expressions of lncRNA CASC11 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were screened through microarray analysis. The relationship among CASC11, CDK1 and miR-340-5p was predicted by TargetScan and validated through dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay examined the protein level of CDK1 and several cell cycle regulatory proteins. GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were used to predict the association between functions and related pathways. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assays. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry assay. CASC11 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of CASC11 inhibited GC cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle. KEGG further indicated an enriched cell cycle pathway involving CDK1. QRT-PCR showed that miR-340-5p was down-regulated in GC cells tissues, while CDK1 was up-regulated. Furthermore, CASC11 acted as a sponge of miR-340-5p which directly targeted CDK1. Meanwhile, miR-340-5p overexpression promoted GC cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest, while CDK1 overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis and accelerated cell cycle. Our study revealed the mechanism of CASC11/miR-340-5p/CDK1 network in GC cell line, and suggested that CASC11 was a novel facilitator that exerted a biological effect by activating the cell cycle signaling pathway. This finding provides a potential therapeutic target for GC.     

Geranium thunbergii extract-induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells

ABSTRACT

Geranium thunbergii is a traditional East Asian medicine for stomach diseases including dysentery and stomach ulcers in East Asia and has been reported to possess biological activity. The benefits of G. thunbergii in gastric cancer are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that G. thunbergii extract suppresses proliferation and induces death and G1/S cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells. Proliferation was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest was associated with significant decreases in CDK4/cyclinD1 complex and CDK2/cyclinE complex genes expression. In addition, the protein expression of caspase-3 was decreased and that of activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was increased, which indicated apoptosis. The expressions of the Bax and Bcl-2, which are apoptosis related proteins, were upregulated and down-regulated, respectively. The results indicate that G. thunbergii extract can inhibit proliferation and induce both G/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Also, the induction of apoptosis involved the intrinsic pathways of the cells. Take the results, we suggest that G. thunbergii extract has anti-gastric cancer activity and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for gastric cancer.     

microRNA-501-5p promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer by downregulating LPAR1

In spite of the achievement in treatment, the gastric cancer (GC) mortality still remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play a crucial part in tumor progression. In this study, we explored the expression and function of microRNA-501-5p (miR-501-5p) in GC cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay results suggested that miR-501-5p was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. And, the Cell Counting Kit-8 colony formation and cell migration assay results showed that the downregulation of miR-501-5p decreased GC cell proliferation and migration. Besides that, we found that GC cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase and cell apoptosis rate was increased by silencing the expression of miR-501-5p in GC cell lines using the flow cytometry. We also found that miR-501-5p could directly target lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) and negatively regulate LPAR1 expression in GC cell lines by performing dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis. And, LPAR1 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and inversely correlated with miR-501-5p expression. Furthermore, LPAR1 downregulation promoted cell proliferation and migration, which were attenuated by cotransfection of miR-501-5p inhibitor in GC cells. In conclusion, miR-501-5p can promote GC cell proliferation and migration by targeting and downregulating LPAR1. miR-501-5p/LPAR1 may become a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.     

Antiproliferative mechanism of a cannabinoid agonist by cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cells

For gastric cancers, the antineoplastic activity of cannabinoids has been investigated in only a few reports and knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved is limited. We have reported previously that treatment of gastric cancer cells with a cannabinoid agonist significantly decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of cannabinoids on various cellular mediators involved in cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. AGS and MKN-1 cell lines were used as human gastric cancer cells and WIN 55,212-2 as a cannabinoid agonist. Cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Treatment with WIN 55,212-2 arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. WIN 55,212-2 also upregulated phospho-ERK1/2, induced Kip1/p27 and Cip1/WAF1/p21 expression, decreased cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, decreased Cdk 2, Cdk 4, and Cdk 6 expression levels, and decreased phospho-Rb and E2F-1 expression. ERK inhibitor decreased the proportion of G0/G1 phase which was induced by WIN 55,212-2. Inhibition of pAKT led to cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. Cell cycle arrest preceded apoptotic response. Thus, this cannabinoid agonist can reduce gastric cancer cell proliferation via G1 phase cell cycle arrest, which is mediated via activation of the MAPK pathway and inhibition of pAKT.     

小剂量环磷酰胺联合参一胶囊治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌

目的：应用小剂量环磷酰胺（CTX）联合参一胶囊治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌,观察其临床疗效及毒副作用。方法：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者经标准化、放疗后随机分为两组,治疗组（38例）：CFX 50mg每日一次、参一胶囊20mg日两次口服,三至六个月;对照组（34例）：化疗后不用任何药物治疗。结果：联合治疗组患者外周血血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达下降。T淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋及CD4＋／CD8＋升高,病人生存质量及生存期提高。结论：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者化疗后联合应用小剂量CTX联合参一胶囊治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可以提高患者的生存质量及生存期。     

Downregulation of fibroblast growth factor 5 inhibits cell growth and invasion of human nonsmall-cell lung cancer cells

The morbidity and mortality rates of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have increased in recent years. We aimed to explore the biological role of fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) in NSCLC. We first established that the expression of FGF5 was increased in NSCLC tissues compared with the normal adjacent tissues. The expression of FGF5 was also increased in NSCLC cell lines. The effect of FGF5 silencing on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of H661 and CALU1 cells was then examined. Downregulation of FGF5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest compared with the negative control small interfering (siNC) groups. Cell apoptosis was promoted by siFGF5 treatment. Cell migration and invasion of H661 and CALU1 cells with siFGF5 transfection were markedly diminished compared with the siNC groups. In addition, migration and invasion-associated proteins (E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP-2], and MMP-9) and epithelial mesenchymal transition markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and slug) were also regulated by FGF5 siRNA treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) cell cycle and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways were correlated with FGF5 expression, which was further confirmed in NSCLC cells by Western blot analysis. Our results indicated that FGF5 silencing suppressed cell growth and invasion via regulation of the cell cycle and VEGF pathways. Therefore, FGF5 may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.