不同造模剂诱导大鼠高尿酸血症模型的可行性比较

目的比较三种高尿酸血症大鼠模型的可行性。方法实验大鼠随机分为三个造模组和对照组。造模组分别予5%氧嗪酸钾（5%OA）饲料、10%酵母粉（10%YE）饲料、10%酵母粉＋2%氧嗪酸钾（10%YE＋2%OA）饲料饲养3周后予普通饲料饲养1周,对照组予普通饲料。各周留取大鼠血、尿标本,检测尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇等指标的变化。结果与对照组相比,5%OA组血尿酸在各周均升高（P〈0.05）;10%YE组血尿酸仅在第2周升高（P〈0.05）;10%YE＋2%OA组血尿酸在第1、2周升高（P〈0.05）,第3周下降至正常。造模组与对照组的体重、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、血清白蛋白水平无差异。结论 5%OA模型可形成较稳定的高尿酸血症状态,10%YE模型难以达到高尿酸血症状态,10%YE＋2%OA模型血尿酸水平欠稳定。     

慢性高尿酸血症肾损害大鼠模型的建立

目的 通过建立慢性高尿酸血症肾损害大鼠模型,为抗慢性高尿酸血症肾损害的药物研发提供模型工具.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组:正常组、A组(2％氧嗪酸钾+12％酵母膏+86％普通饲料饲喂)、B组(0.15％腺嘌呤+10％酵母膏+89.85％普通饲料饲喂)、C组(100 mg/kg腺嘌呤+1500 mg/kg氧嗪酸...     

绞股蓝皂苷对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸的影响

高尿酸血症是近年来日益多发的代谢综合征。本研究探讨绞股蓝皂苷提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸的影响及作用方式。研究采用高尿酸血症大鼠动物模型,生化检测,代谢实验方法等,对摄入绞股蓝皂苷提取物的实验大鼠的血清尿酸水平,尿酸生成关键酶黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,24 h尿液酸碱度、尿酸浓度及尿酸排泄量等指标进行监测。结果发现,绞股蓝皂苷可以通过抑制尿酸生成,促进排泄,抑制机体的血尿酸水平升高,有益于改善高尿酸血症患者健康状况。     

降血尿酸乳酸菌筛选及其对高尿酸血症模型大鼠作用研究

目的 提出利用具特殊活性乳酸菌来预防、治疗高尿酸血症方法,筛选具有较高降血尿酸活性的乳酸菌.方法 基于RP-HPLC方法,通过检测培养液培养前后肌苷、鸟苷含量变化,筛选出具有最快核苷分解速率的乳酸菌株作为候选菌株.并将其施用于高尿酸血症模型大鼠,观察对模型大鼠血尿酸含量影响.结果 获得具有最佳核苷分解速率的菌株DM9218.动物实验结果表明DM9218干预组的血尿酸浓度(219.25±21.98) μmol/L明显低于模型组(311.75±27.07) μmol/L(P＜0.05).结论 菌株DM9218具有最快的核苷分解速率,对高尿酸血症大鼠具有明显的降血尿酸作用.菌株DM9218为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum).     

高尿酸血症和痛风动物模型及其建立方法的研究进展

目前,全球范围内正面临着高尿酸血症和痛风患病率持续上升的趋势,且高尿酸血症与慢性肾病、高血压、肥胖、2型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等疾病的发生发展密切相关。然而,至今为止,此类疾病及其并发症的发病机制尚未完全阐明,新药的研发也存在一定的局限性和迟滞性。其重要原因在于国内外现有的高尿酸血症和痛风模型制备方法众多,仍未形成统一的标准,且绝大多数模型在血尿酸水平的持续性、稳定性等方面存在一定不足。本文现从高尿酸血症和痛风性关节炎造模动物的选择、模型制备方法和主要内脏的组织病理学变化等方面展开讨论,以期为高尿酸血症和痛风的动物模型制备,以及发病机制研究提供更多参考。     

几种天然产物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸水平的影响初探

目的:探讨几种天然产物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸水平及尿酸排泄的影响.方法:对wistar大鼠灌胃氧嗪酸钾和酵母膏,制作高尿酸血症大鼠动物模型.灌胃给药褐藻糖胶、柠檬酸钾和东哥阿里提取物,2周后采血并进行代谢实验,检测血清尿酸、尿素氮,24小时尿液体积、pH值、尿酸浓度及总量,分析三种活性物质对机体尿酸水平、尿酸排泄、肾脏功能的影响.结果:三种物质均可显著降低高尿酸血症模型大鼠的血清尿酸水平,其中东哥阿里提取物组的24小时排泄尿酸总量较模型组显著降低,褐藻糖胶对实验大鼠的血清尿素氮水平升高有抑制作用.结论:三种活性物质对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸浓度有降低作用,其中褐藻糖胶对肾脏功能有保护作用,从而保证尿酸的顺利排泄,而东哥阿里在降低血尿酸水平的同时,24小时尿液中排泄的尿酸总量也显著低于模型对照组,其机制可能与抑制尿酸生成有关.     

鹅肌肽对高尿酸血症大鼠的干预作用研究

目的：探讨鹅肌肽对高尿酸血症大鼠的作用及其机制。方法：选用雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组：空白对照组（CON）、高尿酸血症组（HUA）、别嘌呤醇组［Allo：10 mg/（kg·d）］和鹅肌肽干预组［Ans 1 mg：1 mg/（kg·d）］;［Ans 10 mg：10 mg/（kg·d）］;［Ans 100 mg：100 mg/（kg·d）］,空白对照组喂养普通大鼠饲料,其他5组均喂养高尿酸血症模型饲料,进行相应物质的灌胃,实验周期为6周,实验结束后,收集大鼠24 h尿量,评价大鼠尿酸和肾功能指标,并进行肾脏组织学观察。结果：与CON组相比,HUA组血尿酸水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,血尿素氮、尿量及尿酸排泄指标均有显著性差异（P< 0.05）。与HUA组相比,鹅肌肽干预组中,Ans 10 mg和Ans 100 mg组的血尿酸水平降低（P< 0.05）,尿量及尿酸排泄指标有显著性差异（P< 0.05）,Ans 1 mg的胱抑素C和Ans 100 mg的血清腺苷脱氨酶显著降低（P< 0.05）。组织学分析显示,鹅肌肽各干预组大鼠管腔扩张和肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性明显改善,无纤维化,与空白对照组差异较小,能明显延缓高尿酸血症大鼠的肾脏损伤。结论：鹅肌肽能降低高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸水平,可能是通过促进肾脏尿酸排泄和保护肾功能来实现的。     

维生素B2和B6补充对大鼠高尿酸血症的影响

目的：观察维生素B2（VitB2）和维生素B6（VitB6）补充对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平的影响,并探讨可能的机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为空白对照组（C组）、氧嗪酸钾模型组（HU组）、阳性对照组（AL组,别嘌呤醇20 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B2组（B2组,VitB2 1.18 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B6组（B6组,VitB6 23.73 mg/kg·BW）、维生素B2＋B6组（BB组,1.18 mg/kg·BW VitB2＋23.73 mg/kg·BW VitB6）。C组普通饲料喂养;其他各组大鼠利用酵母饲料＋氧嗪酸钾灌胃建模。干预持续16w,并动态监测SUA。16w后,检测SUA、Urea、SCr,肝脏ADA和XOD活性,观察肾脏病理切片。分析VitB2、VitB6对SUA、XOD、ADA的交互作用。结果：干预16w末,HU组、B2组、B6组、BB组大鼠SUA水平与C组相比均明显升高（P值均＜0.05）。与HU组相比,大鼠SUA、Urea、SCr水平在B2组、B6组、BB组显著降低（P值均＜0.05）;AL组、B2组、B6组、BB组肝脏XOD活性明显降低（P值均＜0.05）;AL组、B2组、B6组肝脏ADA活性显著降低（P值均＜0.05）。析因设计分析显示,VitB2和VitB6无交互作用。肾脏病理结果显示,HU组、B2组、BB组存在不同程度的炎性细胞浸润。结论：维生素B2、B6可在一定程度上降低高尿酸血症大鼠的尿酸水平。     

桑叶黄酮对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠高尿酸血症肾损伤的防治作用

本文研究了桑叶黄酮(mulberry leaf flavonoids,MLF)对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠高尿酸血症、肾损伤的防治作用.采用腺嘌呤灌胃法诱导SD大鼠制备高尿酸血症和肾损伤模型,MLF预防治疗3w,测定与高尿酸血症和肾衰相关的各项组织器官和血液生化指标.结果显示桑叶总黄酮可显著降低血清尿酸水平,与别嘌醇的降尿酸效果相当;并能显著降低尿酸氮、肌酐、丙二醛、甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸水平和肝脏系数、肾脏系数.上述结果表明桑叶总黄酮有干预腺嘌呤诱导高尿酸血症和肾损伤的作用.     

番茄总皂苷对小鼠高尿酸血症的调节作用北大核心CSCD

为研究番茄总皂苷对尿酸的调节作用,该文以番茄水提物为试材,利用次黄嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾以及尿酸和氧嗪酸钾建立高尿酸模型小鼠,考察番茄总皂苷对正常小鼠及高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸排泄量、血尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐、黄嘌呤氧化酶以及脏器指数的影响。结果表明:番茄总皂苷不影响正常小鼠血尿酸水平,正常组及番茄低、中、高剂量组血尿酸值分别为(170.4±36.7)、(178.3±69.7)、(175.5±42.1)、(185.3±72.6)μmol·L^(-1);番茄总皂苷对次黄嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾联合诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠可以降低血尿酸水平,降低黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,正常组、模型组及番茄高剂量组血尿酸值分别为(140.4±36.7)、(378.3±69.7)、(278.3±62.6)μmol·L^(-1),正常组、模型组及番茄低、中、高剂量组黄嘌呤氧化酶值分别为(1.2±0.3)、(1.8±0.2)、(1.6±0.2)、(1.5±0.3)、(1.3±0.4)U·g^(-1) liver;对尿酸和氧嗪酸钾联合诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠,可降低血尿酸水平,降低黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,正常组、模型组及番茄高剂量组血尿酸值分别为(98.8±21.8)、(455.6±78.8)、(333.7±68.7)μmol·L^(-1),正常组、模型组及番茄高剂量组黄嘌呤氧化酶值分别为(2.1±0.3)、(2.5±0.2)、(2.3±0.2)U·g^(-1) liver。综上结果表明,番茄总皂苷不影响正常小鼠血尿酸水平,但能降低高尿酸模型小鼠的血尿酸水平,其机制可能与降低黄嘌呤氧化酶活性有关。     

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout

ABSTRACT

Sonography has detected urate deposits in 34%–42% of the patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This may prompt reclassification of asymptomatic hyperuricemia into “asymptomatic gout” and consideration of urate lowering therapy (ULT) to resolve urate deposits. In patients with gout and no visible tophi, sonography has detected urate deposits in half of the patients. This may allow diagnosing “tophaceous gout” and influencing the serum urate target level, prophylaxis to avoid acute gout flares during ULT, and clinical follow-up. Current accessibility to sonography may better classify patients with hyperuricemia and gout and contribute to delineate therapeutic objectives and clinical guidance.     

自由活动大鼠睡眠状态和呼吸节律的同步监测方法

目的:设计一种睡眠呼吸暂停综合征动物模型的监测方法.方法:通过多导生理仪同步监测自由活动大鼠6 h生理睡眠时间的皮层脑电、颈部肌电,以及呼吸波形.并用人机交互的方法进行数据处理.结果:监测信号稳定、清晰易辨,根据记录到的信号可进行不同清醒-睡眠状态分期,并判断大鼠的呼吸暂停情况.结论:该法操作简便,是小动物睡眠和呼吸监测的可靠方法.     

Influence of inositolhexaphosphori acid (phytic acid) on the copper distribution in tissues and the excretion of copper in rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the administration of phytic acid on copper (Cu) concentrations in several different rat tissues. The animals used were divided into three groups: Group A (received a diet supplemented with 2% phytic acid), group B (received a diet supplemented with 10% phytic acid) and group C (control). At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the concentration of copper was determined in the different tissues.

Phytic acid significantly increased Cu concentration in the duodenum of the animals of both groups as well as in the lungs and blood of the animals of group A. The copper concentration was also increased in the uterus and bone of the animals of group B.

On the other hand, the stomach copper concentration of the animals of both groups, the heart and lung copper concentrations of the animals of group B as well as the jejunum, colon and hair copper concentrations of the animals of group A were significantly decreased. Copper excretion through feces was significantly decreased in the animals of both groups, while the excretion through urine was not significantly affected by the administration of phytic acid.

In conclusion, the administration of phytic acid can produce translocation and/ or elimination of copper in various tissues of rats.     

Age-associated changes in oxidative damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals

Reactive oxygen species have been hypothesized to play an important role in the process of aging. To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and accumulation of protein and DNA damage, we have compared the age-dependent levels of protein carbonyl groups and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts from liver cells of Wistar and OXYS rats. The latter strain is characterized by increased sensitivity to free radicals. Faster age-dependent increase in the level of protein carbonyl groups was found in OXYS as compared with Wistar rats. A complicated enzyme-specific pattern of age-dependent changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed. Long-term uptake of dietary supplements Mirtilene forte (extract from the fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus L.) or Adrusen zinco (vitamin E complex with zinc, copper, selenium and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) sharply decreased the level of protein oxidation in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts of hepatocytes of Wistar and of OXYS rats. Both dietary supplements increased the activity of catalase in the liver mitochondria of OXYS rats. Our results are in agreement with the shorter life-span of OXYS and with the mitochondrial theory of aging, which postulates that accumulation of DNA and protein lesions leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerates the process of aging.     

The optimization of serum-free medium for the production of the scu-PA by the addition of algal extracts

The addition of 2.8 g/ml algal extracts enhanced both scu-PA production and cell growth in a serum-free medium, compared to a conventional serum-free medium for the cultivation of recombinant CHO cells. The growth rate and scu-PA production were relatively lower in the serum-free medium than 5% serum containing medium: however, specific scu-PA production rate was higher in the serum-free medium due to the long-term period of cultivation (3.66×10^–4 vs. 2.48×10^–4 IU/cell/day). Overall scu-PA production rate was also greater in an enforced serum-free medium as 25,000 IU/day over 50 d of perfusion cultivation. The conversion ratio of scu-PA to tcu-PA was greatly reduced in the serum-free medium during perfusion cultivation (10% compared to 20% conversion in a serum containing medium).     

The role of adenine in the synthesis of cytokinins in tomato plants and in cell-free root extracts

The incorporation of labelled adenine into cytokinin-like compounds was investigated in intact tomato plants, decapitated tomato roots and cell-free root extracts. In all three cases evidence was found for the incorporation of adenine into endogenous cytokinins. In intact plants and decapitated root systems no evidence was found for the incorporation into cytokinin nucleotides. Cytokinin bases and nucleosides were however, labelled. In the cell-free root extract there was some evidence for the incorporation of labelled adenine into cytokinin nucleotides. This suggests that the biosynthetic process may be strictly compartmentalized. The present results provide no evidence for the relative importance of cytokinin nucleotides in the biosynthetic process. What is clear is that the rate of adenine incorporation into cytokinins is extremely low and that only a small proportion of the cytokinins which became labelled were exported to the shoot via the root exudate.The financial support of the CSIR/Israel Collaborative Programme is gratefully acknowledged.     

Prophylactic effects of ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid on doxorubicin‐induced neurotoxicity in rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in human malignancies. Its long‐term use cause neurobiological side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prophylactic effect exerted by daily administration of ellagic acid (EA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) on DOX‐induced neurotoxicity in rats. Our data showed that DOX‐induced significant elevation of brain malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase‐3, and cholinesterase associated with significant reduction in reduced glutathione, monoamines namely serotonin, dopamine, as well as norepinephrine. Concomitant administration of EA (10 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 14 days) and/or RA (75 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 14 days) with DOX significantly mitigated the neural changes induced by DOX. Meanwhile, treatment ameliorated pro‐inflammatory cytokines as TNF‐α, iNOS, and attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers as well as brain monoamines. In conclusion, EA and RA can effectively protect against DOX‐induced neurotoxicity, and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect are potentially associated with its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.