云南的牛皮叶属地衣

本文报道中国云南的６种牛皮叶地衣,其中裂边牛皮叶（Ｓｔｉｃｔａ ｐｒａｅｔｅｘｔａｔａ为中国新记录种,柄扇牛皮叶,双缘牛皮叶和缘裂牛皮叶为云南首次记载,用ＴＬＣ方法测定了每种地衣的地衣物质,并发现平滑牛皮叶含三苔色酸外,还含有伴三苔色酸,长期以来一般被认为不产生地衣物质的缘裂牛皮叶含有一未知物质,其斑点处于Ｃ溶剂系统Ｒｆ３区,Ｃ＋黄色ＫＣ＋红色。     

四种国产地衣的化学成分

本文报遣柄果牛皮叶(Sticta henryana),多形树发(Alectoria variabilis),宽瓣肾岛衣漂白变型(Nephromopsis stracheyi f. ectocar pisma)和顶果珊瑚枝(Stereocaulon pomiferum)四种地衣的化学成分。根据光谱数据分析,从中分离得到的18个化合物被鉴定为5-甲基-β-苔黑酚酸甲酯(methyl 5-methy-β-orcinolcarboxylate),苔色酸(orsellinic acid),扁枝衣酸(everainic acid),苔色酸甲酯(methyl orsellinate),赤星衣酸乙酯(ethyl hematommate),β-苔黑酚酸甲酯(methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate),假杯点素A(pseudocyphellarin A),黑茶渍素(atranorin),茶渍酸(lecanoric acid),斑点酸(stictic acid),降斑点酸(norstictic acid),藻纹苔酸(salazinic acid),富马原岛衣酸(fumarprotocetraric acid),左旋和右旋松萝酸(usnic acid),左旋地衣硬酸〔(-)-lichesterinic acid〕,右旋原地衣硬酸〔( )-protolichesterinic acid〕和无羁萜(friedelin)。其中5-甲基-β苔黑酚酸甲酯系首次从植物中得到。分析结果表明,顶果珊瑚枝可作为一种较好的苔香型香原料。     

东北产6种苔类植物细胞学观察

本文对东北产6种苔类植物进行了染色体数目报道,它们是阔叶裂叶苔Lophoziaexcisa,皱叶裂叶苔L.incisa,倾立裂叶苔L.ascendens,细裂瓣苔Barbilophozia barbata,裂萼苔Chiloscyphus polyanthus,指叶苔Lepidozia reptans,其染色体数目均为n=9。其中阔叶裂叶苔和倾产裂叶苔为首次报道。     

中国大陆的梅衣科地衣V.球针叶属和球针黄叶属

球针叶属Bulbothrix和球针黄叶属Relicina地衣区别于其它梅衣的主要特征是裂片边缘具有膨大似葱头状的缘毛.球针叶属地衣的上表面灰色,含有黑茶渍素(atranorin),而球针黄叶属地衣的上表面为黄绿色含有松萝酸(usnic acid).经过形态学与化学研究,承认中国大陆有球针叶属地衣5种和球针黄叶属地衣2种.其中戈氏球叶B.goebelii,烟草球针叶B. tabacina,玄球针黄叶R.abstrusa和悉尼球针黄叶R.sydneyensis等4种为中国大陆首次记载.云南球针叶B.yunnana为中国特有种.本文报道的7个种均出现在中国长江以南地区,这与球针叶属和球针黄叶属地衣呈热带,亚热带的世界分布格局相吻合.     

蜈蚣衣科地衣1个中国新记录属——金奥克衣属

以采自新疆地区的地衣标本为试验材料,通过观察和研究该地衣形态解剖特征、次生代谢产物以及构建核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)系统发育树,研究鉴定该地衣标本为蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae)1个中国新记录属:金奥克衣属[Oxnerella(S.Y.Kondr.,Lo″k?s&Hur)]及中国新记录种双裂金奥克衣[O.safavidiorum(S.Y.Kondr.,Zarei-Darki,Lo″k?s&Hur)],该种含有柔扁枝衣酸,文中提供了该种形态解剖图,并讨论了其与相似物种的关系。     

异裂苣苔属（苦苣苔科）一新变种——粉绿异裂苣苔

报道了在广西发现的苦苣苔科异裂苣苔属一新变种,即粉绿异裂苣苔Pseudochirita guangxiensis (S. Z. Huang) W. T. Wang var. glauca Y.　G. Wei & Yan Liu。它与原变种的区别在于叶近全缘或有不明显的钝锯齿,茎和叶背、叶面密被近贴伏的绒毛,花冠外疏被腺毛。     

中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅴ.球针叶属和球针黄叶属

球针叶属Bulbothrix和球针黄叶属Relicina地衣区别于其它梅衣的主要特征是裂片边缘具有膨大似葱头状的缘毛。球针叶属地衣的上表面灰色,含有黑茶渍素（atranorin）,而球针黄叶属地衣的上表面为黄绿色含有松萝酸（usnic acid）。经过形态学与化学研究,承认中国大陆有球针叶属地衣5种和球针黄叶属地衣2种。其中戈氏球叶B. goebelii,烟草球针叶B. tabacina,玄球针黄叶R. abstrusa和悉尼球针黄叶R. sydneyensis等4种为中国大陆首次记载。云南球针叶B. yunnana为中国特有种。本文报道的7个种均出现在中国长江以南地区,这与球针叶属和球针黄叶属地衣呈热带,亚热带的世界分布格局相吻合。     

中国地萼苔科新种) ) ) 云南裂萼苔*

描述中国云南产地萼苔科1 新种: 云南裂萼苔Chiloscyphus yunnanensis C. Gao & Y.-H. Wu, 本种与
Chiloscyp hus ciliola ( Nees) Gott. 相似, 但本种植物体紫红色, 柔弱, 易碎, 叶细胞薄壁, 三角体不明显等,
与其有明显区别。     

锐裂钱袋苔及其2个新异名

在对中国吉林长白山产苔类全萼苔科无齿全萼苔(Gynmomitrium uncrenulatum C.Gaoet K.C.Chang)和锐裂钱袋苔小叶变种(Marsupella commutata var.microfolia K.C.Chang)的模式标本进行了研究,对比发现无齿全萼苔和锐裂钱袋苔小叶变种与锐裂钱袋苔特征相一致,将其处理为锐裂钱袋苔的异名。     

中国地萼苔科新种--云南裂萼苔

描述中国云南产地萼苔科1新种：云南裂萼苔Chiloscyphus yunnanensis C．Gao ＆ Y．-H．Wu,本种与Chiloscyphus ciliola（Nees）Gott．相似,但本种植物体紫红色,柔弱,易碎,叶细胞薄壁,三角体不明显等,与其有明显区别。     

中国球粉衣属地衣

球粉衣属地衣主要分布在南半球,某些种分布于热带至亚热带。中国的球粉衣属地衣只在台湾有过记载,作者对云南、贵州、湖南的有关标本进行了形态与化学研究,并与来自澳大利亚的有关标本进行了比较,首次报道中国大陆球粉衣属的三个种:二型球粉衣,台湾球粉衣和黑果球粉衣。所有三个种均出现在云南,湖南只有黑果球粉衣,贵州只有台湾球粉衣。对这三个种的形态和化学中的某些问题进行了讨论,并根据文献资料提供了它们的世界分布。     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之五中国石蕊属地衣一新种

本文报道了产于中国西南地区的石蕊属地衣一新种:亚厚叶石蕊(Cladoniasubincrassata S.Y.Guo),其主要的次生代谢产物为松萝酸和泽屋菇.文中还从形态、化学和地理分布方面将新种和邻近种厚叶石蕊(Cladonia incrassata)进行了比较.     

石蕊属地衣2中国新记录种

石蕊属地衣初生地衣体鳞片状、次生果柄圆柱形,世界上报道了500多种,是地衣多样性的重要组成部分,并具有重要的生态功能。在深入研究中国石蕊属地衣过程中,基于形态学特征、化学特征和nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,从采集于河北省和云南省的地衣标本中发现了石蕊属地衣2个中国新记录种——喀麦隆石蕊(Cladonia camerunensis)和覆瓦石蕊(C.imbricata)。该文提供了2种石蕊属地衣特征的详细描述和图片并与相近种类进行比较。     

肺衣属一新种

本文从形态与化学相结合,确认了肺衣属(Lobaria)地衣中的一个新种,即玉龙肺衣(L．Yulongensis Chen),并比较了新种与其近似种的异同,给予了有关图表。     

中国云南西部地衣区系(英文)

对中国云南西部高山地区的大型地衣进行了调查。采集地衣标本400余份,鉴定为46属86种,其中40种在朝鲜半岛有报道。所有采集的标本现保藏于顺天大学韩国地衣研究所和中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆。     

中国新疆天山中东部新记录地衣种类(英文)

文中对采自乌鲁木齐市郊区和南山小渠子多个生境中的大量标本进行了外部形态与内部解剖特征观察,并对少数标本采用了显色反应法(CT)、显微化学结晶法(MCT)及薄层色谱法(TLC)等方法进行了物种鉴定。结果表明:该地区分布的地衣种类有100多种,其中包括1个中国新记录种———副茶渍属(Lecania tonin-ioides),2个新疆新记录种———美国大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia americana)和细裂岛衣(Cetraria delisei)。副茶渍属的主要特征是鳞状地衣体边缘粉色,子囊长棍棒状,常生长在地面上;美国大孢蜈蚣衣的主要特征是小裂片旺生在子囊盘边缘和地衣体成熟的部分;细裂岛衣的主要特征是子囊棍棒状,髓层C+粉红色,含三苔色酸。文中对这些种类进行了简略描述。     

A Study on the Genus Gynostemma Bl. (Cucurbitaceae) from China

The genus Gynostemma B1. consists of 13 species and 2 varieties in the whole world, among which 11 species and 2 varieties occur in China. They are distributed in S. Shaanxi and the southern part of the Yangtze River (including Taiwan province) in China and also in Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, India and Malesia. Based on the characters and dehiscence of fruit, the genus Gynostemma B1. may be divided into two subgenera, i.e. Subgen. I. Gynostemma and Subgen. II. Trirostllum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu ct S. K. Chen, comb. nov. 1. Subgenus Gynostemma. The fruits are baccate, globose, 3-umbonate and incorni culate on the apical side, indehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is bifid. Type of subgenus: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. This subgenus contains 8 species and 2 varieties in the world, among which 6 species and 2 varieties occur in China, i.e.1.G. simplicifolium B1. (Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong); 2. G. laxum (Wall.) Cogn. (S. Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong and Guangxi); 3. G. burmanicum King ex Chakr. (Yunnan), 3a. G. burmanicum var. molle C. Y. Wu (Yunnan); 4. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. (S. Shaanxi and the soutern area of the Yangtze River of China), 4a. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. var. dasycarpum C. V. Wu (Yunnan); 5. G. pubescens (Gagnep.) C. Y. Wu, st. nov. (Yunnan); 6. G. longipes C. Y. Wu, sp. nov. (endemic to China: Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Guangxi). 2. Subgenus Trirostellum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen, comb. nov.——Trirostellum Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie in Acta Phytotaxonomia Sinica 19 (4): 483. 1981, syn. nov. The fruit are capsules, subcampanulate, 3-corniculate on the apical side, dehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is luniform and irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely bifid. Type of subgenus: Gynostemma cardiospermum Cogn. ex Oliv. This subgenus comprises 5 species, which are all endemic to China. 1. G. yixingense (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Jiangsu and Zhejiang); 2. G. cardio spermum Cogn. ex Oliv. (Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan); 3. G. microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (S. Yunnan); 4. G. aggregatum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (NW. Yunnan); 5. G.laxiflorum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Anhui).     

Growth Regulators in Picea abies

The occurrence of growth regulators active in the Avena coleoptile straight-growth test in sprouting buds and seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) was investigated. The acid ether fraction contained a growth stimulator, the Rf of which in isopropanol: ammonia: water was 0.2–0.4. This substance behaved as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in elec-trophoresis, in chromatography in various solvent systems on paper and on a Sephadex column. It gave the colour typical of IAA when sprayed with Ehrlich reagent and its fluorescence characteristics corresponded to IAA. Acid ether-soluble inhibitors showed most activity at Rf 0.4–0.7, but due to tailing they interfered with the determination of the stimulator at the Rf of IAA in the bioassay. They also masked the activity of other stimulators. Colour reactions were obtained with Ehrlich reagent in the inhibiting chromatogram zone. When eluates from this zone were tested in high dilutions or after gel filtration growth stimulation was obtained. The acid fraction of seedling shoots also contained a stimulator with Rf 0.7–0.8. In the neutral-basic ether-soluble fraction growth stimulation was obtained at Rf 0.5–0.7. The extracts also contained stimulatory substances insoluble in ether but soluble in n-butanol and partly in ethyl acetate. When the butanol fraction was hydrolyzed in 1 M NaOH a substance behaving as IAA when chromatographed was released.     

Dissociation and metal-binding characteristics of yellow lichen substances suggest a relationship with site preferences of lichens

Background and Aims: Many species of lichen-forming fungi contain yellow or orangeextracellular pigments belonging to the dibenzofurans (usnicacid), anthraquinones (e.g. parietin) or pulvinic acid group.These pigments are all equally efficient light screens, leadingus to question the potential ecological and evolutionary significanceof diversity in yellow and orange lichen substances. Here thehypothesis is tested that the different pigments differ in metal-bindingcharacteristics, which suggest that they may contribute to adaptationto sites differing in pH and metal availability. Methods: UV spectroscopy was used to study the dissociation and the pHdependence of the metal-binding behaviour of seven isolatedlichen substances in methanol. Metals applied were selectedmacro- and micro-nutrients (Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ andZn²⁺). Key Results: All the pigments studied are strong to moderate acids with pK_a1values between 2·8 and 4·5. Metal complexationis common in the lichen substances studied. Complexation takesplace under acidic conditions with usnic acid, but under alkalineconditions with parietin and most compounds of the pulvinicacid group. The pulvinic acid derivative rhizocarpic acid formsmetal complexes both in the acidic and the alkaline range. Conclusions: Metal complexation by lichen substances could be a prerequisitefor lichen substance-mediated control of metal uptake. Assumingsuch an effect at pH values where the affinity of the metalfor the lichen substance is intermediate would explain the strongpreference of lichens with usnic or rhizocarpic acids to acidicsubstrata. Moreover, it would explain the preference of lichenswith parietin and some lichens with compounds of the pulvinicacid group either for nutrient-rich substrata at low pH or forcalcareous substrata.     

多歧苏铁的补述

多歧苏铁 独把铁,独脚铁(云南屏边) 图版1 Cycas multipinnata C. J. Chen et S. Y. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32(3): 239.1994. Plate 1 Trunk 20—40 cm tall, 10—20 cm in diam., brown-grey. Leaves 1, rarely 2, termi-