基于GC-MS的荆芥和荆芥穗饮片挥发油中化学成分特征分析

分析荆芥和荆芥穗饮片挥发油中化学成分特征的差异,为其质量评价及临床应用提供依据。本研究收集市场上不同来源的荆芥和荆芥穗饮片,首先,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取样品总挥发油,并利用GC-MS对荆芥和荆芥穗样品中的挥发油成分及含量进行测定;其次,利用SIMCA14.1软件对荆芥与荆芥穗中挥发油共有成分相对含量进行主成分分析、聚类分析;最后,利用OPLS-DA结合t-test筛选导致荆芥和荆芥穗挥发油存在差异的代谢标志物。结果表明,荆芥中挥发油总含量普遍低于荆芥穗,荆芥和荆芥穗挥发油含量的差异达极显著水平;荆芥中挥发油成分种类多于荆芥穗,荆芥与荆芥穗挥发油成分特征存在差异,各自聚为一类;OPLS-DA结果结合t检验共筛选出薄荷酮、异胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯、柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、胡薄荷酮、香芹醇、顺-p-2,8-薄荷二烯醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、4-异丙烯基甲苯10种引起两种饮片差异的主要代谢标志物。因此,荆芥与荆芥穗两种饮片挥发油的化学成分特征存在差异,该差异与其临床功效的相关性还有待进一步研究。     

国产野生薄荷挥发油化学组分变异及其化学型

采用气－质联用的方法,对国产野生薄荷（ＭｅｎｔｈａｈａｐｌｏｃａｌｙｘＢｒｉｑ．）居群的挥发油成分进行了分析,２２个样品可归纳为６个化学型：（１）薄荷酮－胡薄荷酮型（ｍｅｎｔｈｏｎｅ－ｐｕｌｅｇｏｎｅｔｙｐｅ）;（２）胡椒酮型（ｐｉｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅｔｙｐｅ）;（３）氧化胡椒酮－氧化胡椒烯酮型（ｐｉｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅｏｘｉｄｅ－ｐｉｐｅｒｉｔｅｎｏｎｅｏｘｉｄｅｔｙｐｅ）;（４）芳樟醇－氧化胡椒酮型（ｌｉｎａｌｏｏｌ－ｐｉｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅｏｘｉｄｅｔｙｐｅ）;（５）香芹酮型（ｃａｒｖｏｎｅｔｙｐｅ）;（６）薄荷醇－乙酸薄荷酯型（ｍｅｎｔｈｏｌ－ｍｅｎｔｈｙｌａｃｅｔａｔｅｔｙｐｅ）。结合地理分布和薄荷属单萜类成分生物合成途径,对上述主要类型进行了讨论。     

不同地区野生薄荷挥发油的比较

本文采用顶空气相色谱法对广西、云南、河北、江苏四个地区的薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq.)精油的成分进行分析比较。共检测了84种化学成分,多以烯、醇及酮类物质组成。江苏样品主要由蒎稀(11.10%)、d-柠檬稀(42.30%)和胡薄荷酮(25.50%)组成;广西样品主要有香芹酮(25.46%)、d-柠檬稀(28.75%)和桉油素(14.91%)组成;云南和河北在主要成分上相似,云南样品主要有蒎稀(22%)、d-柠檬稀(18.45%)和桉油素(16.96%)组成;河北样品主要由蒎稀(23%)和d-柠檬稀(33.33%)和桉油素(12.45%)组成。研究发现不同地区薄荷精油的组成受环境影响较大,江苏薄荷胡薄荷酮含量较高,广西薄荷含香芹酮较高,云南和河北主要成分相似,组成比例不同。     

广西小叶红叶藤挥发油化学成分及抗氧化性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对小叶红叶藤挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH·法、ABTS,+法和铁氰化钾还原法对其抗氧化能力进行研究.结果表明:从小叶红叶藤挥发油分离出221个色谱峰,共鉴定64个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.72％,主要成分为dl-薄荷酮(53.43％)、(E)-薄荷酮(14.20％)、5-甲基-2-...     

湖北土荆芥挥发油化学成分研究

用色谱－质谱联用技术对湖北产土荆芥挥发油的化学成分进行了分析。鉴定了８０种组分。其中主要组分是：薄荷醇（３１．３３１％）α－松油烯（１３．２１０％）,香芹烯醇（８．５２６％）、对伞花烃（８．３４３％）、１,８－桉叶油素（７．４１７％）等５种化合物。被鉴定的８０种成分,共占挥发油总含量的９９．１１２％。     

棘托竹荪挥发油化学成分及抑菌作用的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取棘托竹荪的挥发油,得油率为0．45％。应用气相色谱－质谱联用系统首次对其挥发油的化学成分进行研究。以FFAP柱分离出36个峰,用质谱法鉴定出28个成分,其主要成分为13－甲基－环氧十四烷－2－酮（23．53％）、亚油酸（17．56％）、芹子烯（12．37％）、棕榈酸（8．20％）、9－十六碳烯酸（7．84％）、（－）－Lepidozenal(7.82%)等,占总挥发油的97.76%,对挥发油进行抑菌试验,其结果为：桔黄青霉、啤酒酵母最敏感,黑根霉、黑曲霉次之,白色假丝酵母、金色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌稍差。     

滇产草果的精油成分

研究了滇产１６个草果（Ａｍｏｍｕｍｔｓａｏ－ｋｏ）样品,测定了干果及茎叶的精油含量。干果的精油含量在１．５６％～１．７４％之间,茎叶的精油含量为０．０８５％～０．１１％。从它们的精油中鉴定了近８０种化学成分,主要是１,８－桉油素、柠檬醛、香叶醇、反－２－十一烯醛、２－癸烯醛、β－蒎烯等     

细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草的化合物的分离与鉴定

用气相色谱－质谱联机光谱分析法,分离、提纯,鉴定细叶亚菊挥发油中抑制垂穗披碱草生长的化合物４９种,有α－蒎烯、莰烯、蒈品－３－烯、桉叶油精、胡薄荷酮、樟脑、萜品烯－４－醇和乙酸菊烯酸酯８种主要化合物,而占总细对亚菊挥发油的８２．８０％。其中樟脑最多,胡薄荷酮和桉对油精为次。     

满天香精油化学成分的研究

采用Finngan-4510型毛细管气相色谱/质谱/电子计算机联用(GC/MS/DS)技术,辅以~1H NMR,~18C NMR和化学的手段,对广西龙州产满天香精油进存定性定量分析,分离出37个组分,鉴定了其中26个,占精油总量的97.40％。其主要成分为薄荷酮(51.09％)、异满天酮(7.95％)、(+)-新薄荷醇(19.42％)、枞油烯(5.71％)、薄荷醇,β-水芹烯等。薄荷香是一种富含薄荷酮、薄荷醇的新资源植物。     

香料资源的开发利用(续)

十一、l-薄荷醇分子式 C_(10)H_(20)O 分子量156.27 [来源]l-薄荷醇l-Menthol存于唇形科植物薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq及辣薄荷M.piperita L.等挥发油中。薄荷主产于江苏、河南、安徽、江西、四川、云南等地区,而以江苏为主要产区。全草含挥发油1.5～2.0％,油中l-薄荷醇78～85％。另含少量薄荷酮Menthon等成分。薄荷在显蕾期和花开占30～40％植株时,以及晴天3～5天后,气温较高而风力小时,采下的植物的挥发油中含l-薄荷醇最高。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细