峨眉双蝴蝶的胚胎学研究

首次报道了峨眉双蝴蝶Ｔｒｉｐｔｅｒｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ ｃｏｒｄａｔｕｍ（Ｍａｒｑ．）Ｈ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ的胚胎学特征,研究结果用以讨论双蝴蝶属的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下：花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层属单型起源,细胞具单核,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞形成类胎座,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为一层细胞;在花药成熟时,花药的药室内壁纤维状如厚且柱状伸长,表皮细胞减缩退化,纤维状加厚不明显。成熟花     

条纹龙胆的胚胎学研究

首次报道了条纹龙胆（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｔｓｒｉａｔａ Ｍａｘｉｍ．）的胚胎学特征,研究结果用以讨论龙胆属狭蕊组（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｓｔｅｎｏｇｙｎｅ）的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下：花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层细胞仅来源于初生壁细胞,故绒毡层起源属单型起源,细胞单核,原位退化,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞经多次平周分裂形成２层至多层的绒毡层细胞,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为１     

湖北双蝴蝶小孢子发生及雄配子体发育(英文)

首次报道了湖北双蝴蝶小孢子发生和雄配子体发育。主要结果如下:花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层异型起源,属腺质型绒毡层,药隔处的绒毡层细胞形成类胎座,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为一层细胞;花药成熟时,药室内壁纤维状加厚且柱状伸长,表皮细胞减缩退化,纤维状加厚不明显。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式主要为四面体形,少数为十字交叉形;成熟花粉多为2-细胞型,偶见3-细胞型,具三萌发孔。     

线叶龙胆的胚胎学研究

首次报道了龙胆属华丽组的胚胎发育过程,其代表种线叶龙胆花药四室;药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层两型起源,细胞具双核和多核,绒毡层细胞１￣３次分裂形成“横格”和“类胎座”,原位退化,属非典型的腺质型;中层细胞两层;药室内壁纤维状加厚。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列主要为四面体形;成熟花粉为３－细胞型。子房为２心皮,１室,超侧膜胎座。胚珠１０￣１５列,腹维管束彼此靠近,并在中下部融合。薄珠心,     

江浙獐牙菜的小孢子发生和雄配子体形成及其系统学意义

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对江浙獐牙菜(Swertia hickinii Burk)花药壁形成、小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程进行了研究。结果表明:(1)花药四室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层组成,药壁发育为双子叶型。绒毡层异型起源,腺质型。花粉成熟时药室内壁径向加长并纤维状加厚,表皮宿存。(2)小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型;小孢子四分体排列方式主要为四面体型,也有左右对称型和"T"型等其他类型;成熟花粉为3-细胞型,具三萌发沟。另外,对獐牙菜属的雄性胚胎学特征进行了全面总结,并与龙胆属、蔓龙胆属及双蝴蝶属进行比较归纳出其共性。研究认为,花药表皮宿存或退化,是獐牙菜属与双蝴蝶属的重要区别之一。     

喉毛花的胚胎学研究

本文首次系统地记载了喉毛花属的胚胎发育过程,并以此为依据讨论了该属的分类等级和系统位置。喉毛花花药四室;药壁发育属双子叶型;绒毡层单型起源,细胞具单核,属腺质绒毡层;一层中层细胞;花药壁表皮层宿存,纤维状加厚和膨大;药室内壁减缩。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的排列为四面体型;成熟花粉为3-细胞型。子房为2心皮、l室,典型的侧膜胎座,胚珠8列,胚珠胎座靠近两心皮腹缝线。薄珠心,单珠被,倒生胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4个大孢子呈直列式排列,其中合点端的大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。极核在受精前融合为次生核。反足细胞宿存、分裂为8～12个,每个细胞均多核和异常膨大,反足细胞形成的吸器明显。异花传粉,珠孔受精。花粉管通过破坏一助细胞进入胚囊。受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子体融合类型。胚乳发育为核型,每核含2～3核仁。胚胎发育为茄型酸浆I变型,成熟种子胚只发育至球形胚阶段。反足细胞在合子分裂之后才开始退化,在胚的发育过程中反足细胞在胚乳层之外形成一层染色深、类似“外胚乳”的结构。比较喉毛花、龙胆属、假龙胆属以及肋柱花属的胚胎学特征表明喉毛花与假龙胆属的亲缘关系最近,在分类等级上作为一个独立的属较为合适,在系统位置上它比假龙胆属更为原始。     

砂引草（紫草科）大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育及其分类学意义

砂引草属（Messerschmidia L.）在紫草科（Boraginaceae Juss.）分类系统里位置不稳定，为更好地理解砂引草属的分类学位置，利用常规石蜡制片技术结合光学显微镜观察了砂引草（Messerschmidia sibirica L.）的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育特征。结果如下：（1）花药4室，成熟花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、1层中层和绒毡层共4层细胞构成，双子叶型花药壁发育类型，分泌型绒毡层，成熟绒毡层细胞含2核，表皮宿存，药室内壁不规则2层，具纤维性加厚；（2）小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型，小孢子四分体四面体型排列，成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型；（3）胚珠倒生，单珠被，珠孔狭长，具珠被绒毡层，假厚珠心，部分珠心组织宿存至成熟胚囊时期；（4）胚囊发育类型为蓼型，成熟胚囊梭形，极核在受精前融合，反足细胞退化早。砂引草胚胎学特征与天芥菜属（Heliotropium）其他种类胚胎学特征十分相似，稍有不同，鉴于胚胎学特征在属内较为稳定，支持分子系统中将砂引草属置于天芥菜属的分类学处理。     

单叶蔓荆小孢子发生和雄配子体的发育

利用常规石蜡制片法对单叶蔓荆小孢子发生和雄配子体发育进行了详细观察。主要结果如下：（1）花药壁由四层细胞构成,由外到内分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,花药壁发育方式为双子叶型。（2）花药壁表皮细胞具多细胞腺体。（3）药室内壁和部分药隔细胞具纤维性加厚。（4）绒毡层细胞有两种来源,外周部分来源于初生壁细胞,近药隔部分来源于药隔细胞。绒毡层为分泌型,细胞具双核。（5）小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型,形成的四分体主要为四面体型排列,偶有左右对称型。（6）成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,花粉具3孔沟。     

刺五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子发育的观察

刺五加Ｅｌｅｕｔｈｅｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｓｅｎｔｉｃｏｓｕｓ（ＳｕｐｒｅｔＭａｘｉｎ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ,雄株的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过程正常,大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程多不正常,雄花具５个花药,花药４室,药壁发育属双子叶型,腺质绒毡层,绒毡层细胞多具２核。小孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成四面体形四分体,其胞质分裂为同时型。成熟花粉３细胞型,子房下位,５室：每室有上胚珠和下胚珠,上胚珠退化,下胚珠倒生具单珠被     

花药壁及其中绒毡层的结构与功能

花药壁及其中绒毡层的结构与功能牛佳田（黑龙江省佳木斯师范专科学校１５４００７）被子植物的花药壁是指雄蕊花药中药室外面由抱子体性质的几层细胞所组成的壁结构。分化至完全的花药壁从外至内依次是表皮、药室内壁（成熟后分成纤维层和唇细胞）、中层、绒毡层。花药壁...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.