内生真菌Ⅷ.中国药用植物内生真菌两个新记录种

In a survey of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants in Beijing, two new records, Phoma jolyana and Microsphaeropsis conielloides, were isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Forsythia giraldiana Lingelsh., E suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl, E suspensa ＇duanzhi＇, Rhus potaninii Maxim. and Berberis poiretii Schneid. These fungi are redescribed and illustrated in this paper.     

内生真菌Ⅴ.中国树木和地衣内生真菌三个新记录属种

内生真菌Disculina vulgaris、Geniculosporium serpens和Myxocyclus polycystis是从阔叶树和地衣组织中分离的中国3个新记录属、种.对它们进行了重新描述与图解.这3个菌种的干培养物标本存放在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HAMS).     

藏东南野梅根际丛枝菌根真菌三个我国新记录种

<正>A survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of wild Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. was carried out in China. Three new records, i.e. Acaulospora capsicula (椒红无梗囊霉), Entrophospora baltica (波罗的海内养囊霉) and Gigaspora ramisporophora (分支巨孢囊霉),     

内生真菌IV. Sporormiella属的两个中国新记录种(英文)

In a survey of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants, two species of the genus Sporormiella Ellis ＆ Everh. were isolated in 2005. So far only one species S. minimoides was reported in China （Wang ＆ Guo, 2004）. The two species are found to be new records in China, and they are redescribed and illustrated herein.     

丛枝菌根真菌的两个中国新记录种

疣壁球囊霉图1-3 Glomus verruculosum J. Blaszkowski ＆ M. Tadych, Mycologia, 89: 809, 1997. Fig. 1-3 孢子果不详.孢子单生于土壤中,黄色至橙色.球形至近球形,大小为(150-)189(-265)μm, 有时呈卵圆形,大小为145-170×170-220 μm.孢子壁一组两层,外壁层(outer wall, OW)为透明壁,厚(0.8-)1.3(-1.7)μm.内壁层(inner wall, IW)为层状壁,黄色至橙色,厚(5.1-)9.8(-12.5)μm,饰有均匀分布的疣突,疣突高为0.8-1.7 μm.连孢菌丝单根,直形或弯曲,管状至近圆柱形,连点处宽(15-)21.3(27.5)μm.连丝壁与孢壁内壁层同色,黄色至橙色,连丝基部壁厚(4.8-)5.6(-6.9)μm,孢子内壁层与之延续,外壁层可沿连丝下延长达至25 μm.在Melzer's试剂中,孢子及连孢菌丝的各壁层颜色反应均不明显.连点由内壁层部分层状壁阻塞,偶尔发现也有不封闭的情况.     

淡水真菌三个中国新记录种

在进行我国淡水真菌多样性的研究中,发现3个中国新记录种：墨鱼状假黑囊壳Pseudomassaria sepincoliformis,二隔四壳座菌Quaternaria dissepta和萨尼亚小镰孢Fusariella sarniensis。文中对每个种进行了形态描述及讨论,标本保存于青岛农业大学菌物标本室。     

中国丛枝菌根真菌的三个新记录种

Scutellospora dipurpurescens J.B.Morton&R.E.Koske,Mycologia,80:520,1988.Fig.1-3孢子单生于土壤中,黄至黄绿色。球形至近球形,大小为(125-)187(-225)μm,偶尔呈椭球形,大小为138-200×163-225μm。孢子壁两层(L1-L2):L1黄绿色,厚度小于1.0μm,与L2紧贴在一起,不易观察到,只有在油镜下才能分辨出来;L2层状壁,黄色,厚1.8-5.0μm。萌发壁(Germinal wall,GW)两层(GW1-GW2),GW1膜状壁,透明,厚0.5-1.0μm,紧贴于L2上,在Melzer’s试剂中,当GW1和L2分开后,可看到染成很淡的红色。GW2包括iL1和iL2两层:iL1透明,厚1.0-1.5μm,在Mel…     

中国嗜热真菌三个新记录种

<正>透明嗜热腐殖霉菌图1,2 Humicola hyalothermophila Moubasher,Mazen & Abdel-Hafez,Transactions of the British Mycological Society,72:509,1979.Fig.1,2在不同温度的PDA培养基上培养5d,19℃下无生长现象;45℃生长迅速;50℃生长较为缓慢。菌     

内生真菌V．中国树木和地衣内生真菌三个新记录属种

内生真菌Disculina vulgaris、Geniculosporium serpens和Myxocycluspolycystis是从阔叶树和地衣组织中分离的中国3个新记录属、种。对它们进行了重新描述与图解。这3个菌种的干培养物标本存放在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HAMS)。     

内生真菌VII.中国地衣内生真菌三个新记录种

内生真菌Nodulisporium hyalosporum,Phialophora bubakii,Sporormiella muskokensis是从北京百花山地衣组织中分离到的我国3个新记录种。对它们进行了重新描述与图解。这3个种的培养物干标本存放在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

内生真菌 III. 中国栎树内生真菌三个新记录种

内生真菌Camarosporiumeucalypti,Conostromadidymum和Pleuroplaconemasambuci是从辽东栎组织中分离到的我国3个新纪录种。对它们进行了重新描述与图解。这3个种的标本存放在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆。     

内生真菌IX.中国地衣内生真菌3个丝孢菌新记录种

在云南紫溪山地衣内生真菌多样性研究中,从地衣组织中分离到3个中国丝孢菌新记录种Memnoniella subsimplex,Nigrospora sacchari和Stachybotrys atra。本文进行了重新描述与图解。菌株保藏在本课题组。     

A potential antioxidant resource: Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants

Medicinal plants and their endophytes are important resources for discovery of natural products. Several previous studies have found a positive correlation between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of many medicinal plant extracts. However, no information is available on whether such a relationship also exists in their endophytic fungal metabolites. We investigated the relationship between TAC and TPC for 292 morphologically distinct endophytic fungi isolated from 29 traditional Chinese medicinal plants. The antioxidant capacities of the endophytic fungal cultures were significantly correlated with their total phenolic contents, suggesting that phenolics were also the major antioxidant constituents of the endophytes. Some of the endophytes were found to produce metabolites possessing strong antioxidant activities. Several bioactive constituents from the fungal cultures and host plant extracts were identified. This investigation reveals that the metabolites produced by a wide diversity of endophytic fungi in culture can be a potential source of novel natural antioxidants.     

Two new records of entolomatoid fungi associated with rosaceous plants from Japan

Two entolomatoid species associated with rosaceous plants, Entoloma saepium and E. clypeatum f. hybridum, are reported as new records from Japan, and their morphological characters are described and illustrated.     

Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants: a treasure hunt for bioactive metabolites

Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing intercellular or intracellular, at least for a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection. Almost all plants are known to harbor endophytes. The choice of the plant to be used for exploring endophytes for bioactives is important. Therefore, medicinal plants which are known to be used since centuries as an alternative source of medicine, are a valuable source for bioprospecting endophytes. Nevertheless, due to many reasons there is a dire need for novel resources for novel drugs which can be an answer to many deadly diseases. It is in this context that the present review was envisaged. The review reveals the importance of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants as a source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds. The bioactive metabolites produced by endophytic fungi originate from different biosynthetic pathways and belong to diverse structural groups such as terpenoids, steroids, quinones, phenols, coumarins etc. Endophytes therefore, represent a chemical reservoir for new compounds such as, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, antitubercular, insecticidal etc. for use in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although, efforts have been made to accommodate as many examples as possible but the depth of the subject is so vast that it cannot be covered in one single review. This in itself speaks of the fact that endophytic fungi from medicinal plants is indeed a treasure worth searching. In the present review only some selected examples have been covered.     

Endophytic fungi with anti-microbial,anti-cancer and anti-malarial activities isolated from Thai medicinal plants

A total of 81 Thai medicinal plant species collected from forests in four geographical regions of Thailand were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Of 582 pure isolates obtained, 360 morphologically distinct fungi were selected for cultivation on malt Czapek broth and yeast extract sucrose broth, from which extracts were tested for biological activity. Extracts of 92 isolates could inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 0.0625–200 μg ml⁻¹) when tested by the microplate Alamar blue assay, while extracts of six inhibited Plasmodium falciparum (IC₅₀ of 1.2–9.1 μg ml⁻¹) as determined by the [³H]hypoxanthine incorporation method. Strong anti-viral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 was observed in 40 isolates (IC₅₀ of 0.28–50 μg ml⁻¹). The sulphorhodamine B assay for activity against cancer cell lines revealed that 60 were active against human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (EC₅₀ 0.42–20 μg ml⁻¹) and 48 against breast cancer cells (EC₅₀ 0.18–20 μg ml⁻¹). Bioactivity profile was affected by the type of culture medium. Given the high incidence of bioactive extracts and the fact that most of the isolated fungi could not be identified due to lack of spore formation, the results suggested that Thai medicinal plants can provide a wide variety of endophytes that might be a potential source of novel bioactive compounds. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.