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1.
为探明海口地区耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的耐药性和携带的葡萄球菌染色体mec盒(SCCmec)型别,对收集的1174株金黄色葡萄球菌用PBP2a检测法确证为MRSA有686株,用多重PCR对58株进行SCCmec分型测定,并用K-B琼脂扩散法和E-test法测定其对临床常用7类抗生素的代表性药物耐药性。结果在17株中又发现了7种新的SCCmec型别,其结构特点为:New3含A、F、H、M4个位点,New4型含F、H、M3个位点,New5含D、B、M3个位点,New6型含A、B、M3个位点,New7型含H、E、C、M4个位点,New8型含A、M两个位点,New9型含A、C、M3个位点;它们均与报道型别的结构特点存在明显差异;且携带新型的MRSA菌株,其分布特点及抗药性也与已报道的菌株存在差异:多分自门诊病人,且耐药性高,抗药谱较广,值得引起高度重视和关注。 相似文献
2.
近年来,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在全世界各地感染率和分离率不断提高,已成为目前院内感染的重要病原菌之一。运用有效、可靠、廉价的分子分型方法对分析耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学特征及来源,对制定控制院感及流行的措施非常重要的。本研究概述了各种分子分型方法的原理及比较,如SCCmec分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳分型、多位点序列分型、葡萄球菌A蛋白分型和毒力因子分型等。脉冲场凝胶电泳仍然是暴发流行中MRSA分子分型的金标准,而其他分型方法更适合用于检测菌株的变异和建立国际监测。 相似文献
3.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检测和分型方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (Methcillin - resistantStaphylococcus aureus,MRSA )引起的院内感染 (nosocomialinfection)已经成为全世界一个越来越严重的问题。要想尽快获得 MRSA的相关信息从而采取适当的控制感染的措施 ,就必须依靠快速、可靠的检测和分型方法。由于 MRSA对甲氧西林耐药性的不断变化 ,故虽然目前存在检测和分型方法很多 ,但仍很难提供一种最优方法。在这里 ,我们对多种方法进行了比较 ,以便大家能从中选出既准确又省时且适合自己实验室使用的检测的分型方法。1 检测方法1.1 完整结构水平1.1.1琼脂平皿 2倍稀释法… 相似文献
4.
【目的】研究杭州地区耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的基因型别,探讨MRSA菌株流行变化趋势及进化特点,为该地区MRSA的进一步防治提供科学依据。【方法】对86株MRSA进行葡萄球菌盒式染色体SCCmec基因、spa基因分型,并开展多位点序列分型(Multi-locus sequence typing,MLST),与国际上MRSA的流行型别进行比较,分析进化关系。【结果】86株MRSA共发现13个spa型(以t311型为主,占48.8%;其次为t6418型,占11.6%);MLST分型共发现9个ST型(以ST5为主,占59.3%;其次为ST239,占16.3%),经e BURST软件分析它们属于4个群(Group 1、Group 6、Group 8、Group 12)和8种克隆复合体(CC1、CC5、CC630、CC20、CC59、CC88、CC239、CC573);SCCmec基因分型以SCCmecⅡ型为主,占61.6%;其次为SCCmec III型,占22%;5株社区相关性MRSA(SCCmec-Ⅳ型)。其中第一流行克隆型为SCCmec-Ⅱ-ST5-t311-CC5(占47.7%)、其次为SCCmec-III-ST239-t030/t037-CC239(占12.8%)。【结论】SCCmec-Ⅱ-ST5-t311为杭州地区当前流行菌株;CA-MRSA菌株的出现,提示MRSA菌株有由医院向社区播散的趋势;此外,对新发展了单位点变体的菌株(SCCmec-Ⅰ-ST1921-t164-CC20和SCCmec-Ⅳ-ST965-t062-CC5),应加强重视。 相似文献
5.
"超级细菌"耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)是诱发连续腹膜透析患者腹膜炎的常见细菌,且治疗困难。目前缺少MRSA腹膜炎动物模型。腹腔注射2×109~2×1010CFU/m L 7组不同浓度的MRSA感染小鼠,观察小鼠死亡时间,测定肝脏与脾脏细菌定植量,进行肝、脾病理分析,确定适宜的建模浓度。研究发现,小鼠感染细菌浓度最小致死剂量为每只2×109CFU,最适建模浓度为每只1.4×109CFU。结果表明建立了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌小鼠腹膜炎模型,为MRSA致腹膜炎的致病机制研究、疫苗的研制提供实验基础。 相似文献
6.
目的了解临床分离耐甲氧西林溶血性葡萄球菌(MRSH)的SCCmec基因型别及相同SCCmec型别菌株的同源性。方法多重PCR进行SCCmec分型,ERIC-PCR法对相同SCCmec型别菌株进行同源性分析。结果83株临床分离MRSH菌株中,SCCmecI型有23株(27.7%),SCCmecⅡ型有10株(12.1%),SCCmecm型有24株(28.9%),SCCmecIV型有1株(1.2%),I、Ⅱ混合型有8株(9.6%),I、Ⅲ混合型有6株(7.2%),Ⅱ、11混合型有5株(6.0%),I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型有3株(3.6%),未分型3株(3.6%)。ERIC—PCR结果显示,23株SCCmecI型分为11型,其中A型5株,B型5株,C型3株,其余8株各为1型,2株未分型;10株SCCmecⅡ型分为6型,其中D型4株,E型2株,3株各为1型,1株未分型;24株SCCmecm型分为9型,其中F型11株,G型2株,H型2株,I型2株,5株各为1型,2株未分型。结论临床分离MRSH中,SCCmecI、Ⅲ型为多,部分菌株呈混合型别;相同SCCmec型别的部分菌株之间可能存在克隆传播。 相似文献
7.
了解我院患者耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的分子流行病学特点,为临床抗感染治疗提供依据。收集2007年1月~2008年9月我院分离的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌共54株,采用PCR进行SCCmec基因分型、葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)分型,并检测杀白细胞毒素(PVL)基因,同时应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行同源性分析。54株MRSA菌株SCCmec基因分型为SCCmecⅡ型17株,SCCmecⅢ型33株,SCCmecⅣ型2株,SCCmecⅤ型2株;SPA基因分型将28株归属为t030,9株为t002,8株为t037,5株为t570,2株为t437,t163和t796各1株;PVL毒素检测只有2株SCCmecⅣ型菌株阳性;PFGE证实院内MRSA感染主要为2种克隆株传播,同时还有其他型别出现。本院MRSA流行传播的SCCmec基因型主要以Ⅲ型占优势,同时发现有携带PVL毒素的CA-MRSA分离株流行,应引起密切关注。 相似文献
8.
mecA基因PCR扩增法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
目的 应用mecA基因PCR扩增法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)。方法 临床分离的70株金黄色葡萄球菌,应用mecA基因PCR扩增法鉴定MRSA,并与苯唑西林纸片扩散法进行比较。结果 70株金黄色葡萄球菌用PCR扩增法和纸片扩散法有6株鉴定有差异,4株。mecA基因阳性而纸片扩散法鉴定为敏感,1株mecA基因阳性纸片扩散法鉴定为临界耐药,1株mecA基因阴性却表现为苯唑西林耐药,2种方法符合率为91.43%。结论 mecA基因PCR扩增法可以准确、快速判定MRSA,特别是对隐匿型或低水平耐药菌株的检出有重要的价值。 相似文献
9.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的产生是由甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)获得外源性的SCCmec所致。MRSA菌株可以产生一种新的青霉素结合蛋白PBP2a,PBP2a降低了与β-内酰胺类抗生素的亲合力,从而对β-内酰胺类抗生素产生耐药性。PBP2a由mecA基因编码,mecA基因存在于葡萄球菌盒式染色体(Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec,SCCmec)中,SCCmec是一种可移动的遗传元件,该元件还携带除mecA基因外的其他抗菌药物的耐药基因,造成多重耐药(Multidrug-resistance,MDR)。SCCmec目前主要分为8型,其中又分为若干亚型。SCCmec的基因型与MRSA的流行背景有关,不同地区的SCCmec基因分型分布可能不同。 相似文献
10.
目的:研究耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)SCCmec基因分型情况并对其耐药谱进行分析。方法:收集临床标本522例,应用多重PCR法对MRSA进行SCCmec基因分型,采用全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析仪进行细菌的鉴定及药敏试验,部分药敏试验采用K-B法。结果:522例中分离出146例MRSA,其中10株为SCCmec I型(6.84%),29株为SCCmec II型(19.86%),103株为SCCmecⅢ型(70.55%),未分型4株(2.74%)。MRSA分离株对奎奴普汀/达福普汀、替考拉宁、复方磺胺甲恶唑、万古霉素和利奈唑胺敏感,SCC mecII型与SCC mecIII型对氯霉素的耐药率分别为27.59%和11.65%,对利福平的耐药率分别为13.79%和2.91%,存在明显的差异性(P0.05),其余均呈高水平耐药。146例MRSA患者中治愈52例,占35.62%;感染相关死亡者12例,占8.22%。结论:ICU耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的基因检测以SCC mecIII型为主,且对抗菌药物呈多药耐药。 相似文献
11.
为探明海口地区耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的耐药性和携带的葡萄球菌染色体mec盒(SCCmec)型别,对收集的1174株金黄色葡萄球菌用PBP2a检测法确证为MRSA有686株,用多重PCR对58株进行SCCmec分型测定,并用K-B琼脂扩散法和E-test法测定其对临床常用7类抗生素的代表性药物耐药性。结果在17株中又发现了7种新的SCCmec型别,其结构特点为:New3含A、F、H、M4个位点,New4型含F、H、M3个位点,New5含D、B、M3个位点,New6型含A、B、M3个位点,New7型含H、E、C、M4个位点,New8型含A、M两个位点,New9型含A、C、M3个位点;它们均与报道型别的结构特点存在明显差异;且携带新型的MRSA菌株,其分布特点及抗药性也与已报道的菌株存在差异:多分自门诊病人,且耐药性高,抗药谱较广,值得引起高度重视和关注。 相似文献
12.
Jo-Ann McClure-Warnier John M. Conly Kunyan Zhang 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2013,(79)
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)typing is a very important molecular tool for understanding the epidemiology and clonal strain relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly with the emerging outbreaks of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) occurring on a worldwide basis. Traditional PCR typing schemes classify SCCmec by targeting and identifying the individual mec and ccr gene complex types, but require the use of many primer sets and multiple individual PCR experiments. We designed and published a simple multiplex PCR assay for quick-screening of major SCCmec types and subtypes I to V, and later updated it as new sequence information became available. This simple assay targets individual SCCmec types in a single reaction, is easy to interpret and has been extensively used worldwide. However, due to the sophisticated nature of the assay and the large number of primers present in the reaction, there is the potential for difficulties while adapting this assay to individual laboratories. To facilitate the process of establishing a MRSA SCCmec assay, here we demonstrate how to set up our multiplex PCR assay, and discuss some of the vital steps and procedural nuances that make it successful. 相似文献
13.
We conducted a prospective comparative study of community-onset (CO) and healthcare-associated (HA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains between 2000 and 2001 at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital (1,500 beds) in Japan. Of the 172 consecutive MRSA isolates analyzed, 13 (8%) were categorized as CO-MRSA. The mean age of patients with CO-MRSA was significantly younger than that of patients with HA-MRSA. Most CO-MRSA strains were isolated from skin and more likely to be susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and spectinomycin compared to HA-MRSA isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) typing, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that CO-MRSA strains were divided into the following multi-clones: 3 clone A: II: ST5 (PFGE type: SCCmec type: MLST sequence type); 1 L: II: ST5; 1 H: IV: ST1; 1 I: IV: ST81; 2 D: IV: ST8; 1 B: IV: ST89; 1 B: IV: ST379; and 3 B: IV: ST91. Of the 159 HAMRSA strains, 124 (78%) belonged to a single clone (PFGE clone A: SCCmec type II: tst and sec positive: coagulase type II: multi-drug resistance). Four CO-MRSA strains belonging to PFGE clone B: SCCmec type IV: MLST clonal complex 509 (ST89, 91, 379) had the exfoliative toxin B (etb) genes, but all CO-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains did not possess the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) genes. These results demonstrate that multiple lineages of CO-MRSA have the potential for dissemination in the community in Japan. 相似文献
14.
SCCmec in staphylococci: genes on the move 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) elements are, so far, the only vectors described for the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance in staphylococci. SCCmec elements are classified according to the type of recombinase they carry and their general genetic composition. SCCmec types I-V have been described, and SCC elements lacking mecA have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about SCC structure and distribution, including genetic variants and rudiments of the elements. Its origin is still unknown, but one assumes that staphylococcal cassette chromosome is transferred between staphylococci, and mecA-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci may be a potential reservoir for these elements. Staphylococcal genomes seem to change continuously as genetic elements move in and out, but no mechanism of transfer has been found responsible for moving SCC elements between different staphylococcal species. Observations suggesting de novo production of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and horizontal gene transfer of SCCmec will be discussed. 相似文献
15.
Comparison of the Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
Sadao Mizobuchi Junzaburo Minami Fu Jin Osamu Matsushita Akinobu Okabe 《Microbiology and immunology》1994,38(8):599-605
The virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was compared with that of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), using 13 MRSA and 7 MSSA strains isolated from clinical specimens. The infectivity and lethality of the two groups were examined as to the inoculum required to infect 50% of guinea pigs (ID50) and to kill 50% of mice (LD50), respectively. The mean ID50 [log10 colony forming units (CFU)] for MRSA strains was 7.1 ± 0.60 standard deviation, which was 1.5 higher than that for MSSA strains (P < 0.001). The mean LD50 (log10 CFU) for MRSA strains was 9.0 ± 0.42, being 1.1 higher than that for MSSA strains (P = 0.001). Pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide decreased the mean LD50 for MRSA strains more than that for MSSA strains, resulting in the difference in the mean LD50 being insignificant (P = 0.502). These results indicate that MRSA is less virulent than MSSA in normal hosts, but that they are equally virulent in immunocompromised hosts. The growth of MRSA strains was much slower than that of MSSA strains in the lag phase, although their growth rates were almost the same in the exponential growth phase, suggesting that the difference in virulence between them may be at least partly due to such a difference in growth. 相似文献
16.
Iwao Y Yabe S Takano T Higuchi W Nishiyama A Yamamoto T 《Microbiology and immunology》2012,56(1):76-82
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) not only causes disease in hospitals, but also in the community. The characteristics of MRSA transmission in the environment remain uncertain. In this study, MRSA were isolated from public transport in Tokyo and Niigata, Japan. Of 349 trains examined, eight (2.3%) were positive for MRSA. The MRSA isolated belonged to sequence types (STs) 5, 8, 88, and 89, and included community infection-associated ST8 MRSA (with novel type IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) and the ST5 New York/Japan hospital clone. The data indicate that public transport could contribute to the spread of community-acquired MRSA, and awareness of this mode of transmission is necessary. 相似文献
17.
The cell wall‐anchored protein‐encoding spj gene on staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IVl (SCCmecIVl) was found to vary in size because of its 22‐ and 86‐aa repeat domains. The 22‐aa repeats are the more flexible of the two repeats, comprising three 11‐aa units, and were classified into three groups with eleven types. The 11/22‐aa repeats are longer in individuals with bullous impetigo, shorter in those with invasive disease and were absent in a fatal case, this last one having been rapidly diagnosed by PCR. IS431‐flanking pUB110 (bleO, aadD) is present on SCCmecIVl at 90%. The bacterial surface has the spj product and a unique surface layer. 相似文献
18.
探明MRSA感染的血清学特点及质粒分布 ,为其预防和治疗提供科学依据。做血浆凝固抑制试验—中和法和质粒DNA提取用碱裂解法。结果血浆凝固酶Ⅱ型的检出阳性率为 5 4.0 % ( 47/ 87) ,Ⅳ型为 2 7.5 % ( 2 4/ 87) ,其余为Ⅶ和Ⅲ型。按菌株来源分析 :病房工作人员和住院患者的MRSA以Ⅱ型居多 ,Ⅳ型次之 ,有明显的偏重集中趋势 ,而门诊患者MRSA血浆凝固酶型别分布散乱。多数菌株有质粒 ,分布复杂。表明沈阳地区流行的主要血浆凝固酶型别为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。 相似文献