黑曲霉原生质体诱变选育果胶酶高产菌株

通过UV和NTG诱变筛选获得了2株高产果胶酶突变株。以果胶酶产生菌黑曲霉EIM6为诱变材料,采用1．5％的溶壁酶和1．5％的纤维素酶处理其对教生长期菌丝体2h获得高质量的原生质体。采用UV25S或50μg／mL NTG诱变30min,构建原生质体突变库,经刚果红果胶平板筛选获得果胶酶突变株,通过液体深层培养复筛获得高产突变株EIM6-U11、EIM6-N5,酶活力分别从46598．08、46598．08U／mL提高至68596．57、68879．56U／mL,分别提高了47．21％、47．82％。连续8次传代经发酵测酶活力表明高产突变株EIM6-U11、EIM6-N5具有较高的遗传稳定性。     

果胶酶高产菌株选育

从土壤中分离筛选到一株具有较强果胶分解能力的野生菌株Ｎ３２８,经初步鉴定为米曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｏｒｙｚａｅ）。此菌株经紫外线、ＣＯ６０－γ射线、硫酸二乙酯连续诱变得到突变株ＺＩ－４７,该突变株的发酵滤液,当以果胶为底物时,酶活力达３８８７ｕ／ｍｌ（ｕ：ｍｇ还原糖／ｍｌ·ｈ）,为出发菌株的１０倍。且其遗传性能稳定,连续传代１２代,４℃冰箱保存１年,酶活基本无降低。其果胶酶活力超过国内已报道的所有菌株。     

产果胶酶的菌种选育及发酵条件

炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)AS 3.396经亚硝基胍和Co60r-射线诱变,获得一株高产果胶酶突变株G5512。该菌株的发酵滤液,以高酯果胶为底物的酶活力为860u／ml;以低酯果胶为底物的酶活力为1227u／ml。产酶活力水平约为原出发菌株的2—6倍。产酶最适培养条件为：起始pH4.0—4.5,30℃,72—90小时。酶作用最适条件为：高酯果胶为底物时,pH3.5,50℃;低酯果胶为底物时,pH4.5,50℃。pH稳定范围为2．0-6．5(高酯果胶)和4.5—5.0(低酯果胶)。酶在60℃保温15分钟,高酯果胶为底物的酶剩余活力71％,低酯果胶为底物的酶活力仅剩余1％。     

果胶酶CP-85211菌株的选育及其液体发酵条件的研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) CP-831经0.03％亚硝基呱在40℃处理30分钟,获得一株高产果胶酶突变株CP-85211。该突变株发酵滤液,当以果胶为底物时,酶活力为308u／m’;当以多聚半乳糖醛酸为底物时,酶活力为842u／ml。产酶活力水平约为出发菌种的5倍。产酶最适培养基组成为：8％麦麸,2％桔皮粉和2％硫酸铵。最适培养条件为：起始pH 3．5,如℃,72小时。     

植酸酶高产菌的诱变选育

以黑曲霉ＭＡＯ２１为出发菌株,经紫外线,、亚硝基胍单独处理和复合处理,获得一植酸酶高产菌株ＵＮ－１２－１０。该菌株具有稳定的遗传性能,在经过优化的摇瓶培养基上发酵１０８ｈ,其植酸酶活力达到２９５０－３０１５ｕ／ｍｌ,是原始出发菌株的３．６倍。     

植酸酶高产菌株的诱变选育

以黑曲霉MAO21为出发菌株,经紫外线、亚硝基胍单独处理和复合处理,获得一株植酸酶高产菌株UN-02－10。该菌株具有稳定的遗传性能,在经过优化的摇瓶培养基上发酵108h,其植酸酶活力达到2950～3O15u／ml,是原始出发菌株的3.6倍。     

高产碱性果胶酶基因工程菌的发酵条件的优化

为了提高碱性果胶酶基因工程菌(pWB980-pel521/WB600)产酶能力,实验室在摇瓶条件下采用Plackett-Burman (P-B) 方法筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(豆饼粉、磷酸盐以及氯化钠的添加量),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM) 对重要因素进行优化.结果表明,摇瓶发酵培养基成分为:麸皮30.00 ...     

黑曲霉产菊粉酶的发酵条件优化及诱变育种

对1株黑曲霉产菊粉酶的发酵条件进行了研究,确定了优化的发酵条件为菊粉2%,酵母膏2%,(NH4)H2PO40 5%,Na Cl0 5%,MgSO4·7H2O0 05%,ZnSO4·7H2O0 01%,初始pH6 5,接种量1 6%,装液量30ml,发酵5d,菊粉酶活最高可达26U/ml,I/S为1 15。经Co60诱变筛选出1株突变株C-32,在相同的发酵条件下菊粉酶活提高30%,I/S不变。     

响应面法优化黑曲霉产果胶酶培养基中无机盐成分的研究

利用SAS软件中的二水平设计和响应面分析方法较系统地研究了发酵培养基中无机盐组分对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)JW-1菌株产果胶酶的影响.得到了在一定条件下果胶酶随无机盐组分的变化规律,并根据分析结果优化了产酶培养基.最终确定KH_2PO_4,FeSO_4·7H_2O,CaCl_2·2H_2O的最优浓度分别为0.85mg/mL,1.86mg/mL和2.52mg/mL,此时果胶酶活力可达5054.6U·g~(-1),为该菌株今后的研究和应用奠定了基础.     

原生质体紫外诱变选育灵芝新菌种的研究

对灵芝原生质体进行了紫外诱变处理 ,经过粗筛和精筛后 ,从中选出多糖含量和产量明显高于原始菌株的两株诱变株 430 2 0 #和 430 2 6#。经过 1 0代PDA斜面继代培养及其摇瓶试验和连续 3次 3t罐的中试试验 ,表明所得诱变株为比原始菌株更优秀的稳定高产、高多糖含量的灵芝生产菌株。本研究为选育适合发酵的灵芝生产菌种提供了一种快速、有效的方法     

黑曲霉产菊粉酶菌株的选育及培养基优化

为获得高产菊粉酶的黑曲霉菌株,以Aspergillus niger YH-1为出发菌株,经过亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变,以高温高菊芋粉相结合的方式进行梯度驯化,选育出一株产菊粉酶菌株YH-3,并运用响应面实验方法对该菌株的培养基进行优化。确定了最佳培养基组成:菊芋粉25.2 g/L、豆饼粉40 g/L、蔗糖酯4.9 g/L、NaCl 5.5 g/L。发现内切菊粉酶活力(I)由60.9 U/mL提高到165.0 U/mL,比出发菌株提高了1.7倍。研究证明蔗糖酯对于黑曲霉YH-3发酵产菊粉酶是一种有效的促进剂。     

响应面法优化黑曲霉产异淀粉酶的培养条件

在液态发酵条件下,采用单因素实验确定了Aspergillus niger PZ331产异淀粉酶的最适碳源和氮源,分别为蔗糖和硝酸铵。在上述基础上利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响产异淀粉酶的因素进行评价,并筛选出硝酸铵、接种量、培养温度3个主要因素;继而利用响应面设计优化了最佳硝酸铵浓度、接种量和培养温度。最终确定了最优培养条件为：蔗糖10 g/L,硝酸铵10 g/L,磷酸氢二钾3 g/L,硫酸亚铁0.01 g/L,硫酸镁1 g/L,起始p H值4.2;接种量2%（孢子浓度为107cfu/m L）,30℃培养72 h,酶活达137.3μ/m L;比基础培养基的提高了1.71倍左右。     

Enhanced solid‐state citric acid bio‐production using apple pomace waste through surface response methodology

Aims: To evaluate the potential of apple pomace (AP) supplemented with rice husk for hyper citric acid production through solid‐state fermentation by Aspergillus niger NRRL‐567. Optimization of two key parameters, such as moisture content and inducer (ethanol and methanol) concentration was carried out by response surface methodology. Methods and Results: In this study, the effect of two crucial process parameters for solid‐state citric acid fermentation by A. niger using AP waste supplemented with rice husk were thoroughly investigated in Erlenmeyer flasks through response surface methodology. Moisture and methanol had significant positive effect on citric acid production by A. niger grown on AP (P < 0·05). Higher values of citric acid on AP by A. niger (342·41 g kg^?1 and 248·42 g kg^?1 dry substrate) were obtained with 75% (v/w) moisture along with two inducers [3% (v/w) methanol and 3% (v/w) ethanol] with fermentation efficiency of 93·90% and 66·42%, respectively depending upon the total carbon utilized after 144 h of incubation period. With the same optimized parameters, conventional tray fermentation was conducted. The citric acid concentration of 187·96 g kg^?1 dry substrate with 3% (v/w) ethanol and 303·34 g kg^?1 dry substrate with 3% (v/w) methanol were achieved representing fermentation efficiency of 50·80% and 82·89% in tray fermentation depending upon carbon utilization after 120 h of incubation period. Conclusions: Apple pomace proved to be the promising substrate for the hyper production of citric acid through solid‐state tray fermentation, which is an economical technique and does not require any sophisticated instrumentation. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study established that the utilization of agro‐industrial wastes have positive repercussions on the economy and will help to meet the increasing demands of citric acid and moreover will help to alleviate the environmental problems resulting from the disposal of agro‐industrial wastes.     

Predicting vegetative inoculum performance to maximize phytase production in solid-state fermentation using response surface methodology

Microbial phytase is used to reduce the environmental loading of phosphorus from animal production facilities. The limiting factors in the use of this enzyme in animal feeds can be overcome by solid-state fermentation (SSF), which is a promising technology for commercial enzyme production with lower production costs. Inoculum quality and the influence of inoculum quality on phytase production are important factors which need in-depth investigation before scaling-up of high-yielding fermentation process. A full factorial experimental design for 240 h with sampling at every 24 h was used to determine the effects of the treatments, inoculum age (plate and liquid culture), media composition and the duration of SSF on the production of fungal biomass and phytase in SSF systems using Aspergillus niger. The optimal treatment combination for maximal phytase production was determined by statistically comparing all treatments at each sampling time. Both 7- and 14-day plate cultures and M1+ medium composition with 72-h-old liquid inoculum treatments resulted in optimal phytase production at 144 h of SSF, which was the shortest duration observed for maximal phytase production. This resulted in maximal phytase production with a mean of 884±121 U/g substrate, while the maximal phytase production observed at 216 h of SSF (mean phytase activity of 1008±121 U/g substrate), with the same treatment combinations, was not statistically significant from that at 144 h of SSF. Phytase production was strongly growth-associated with younger inocula. The significant treatment variables, age of liquid inoculum and the duration of SSF, were used to predict the system response for phytase production using response surface methodology. From the response surface model, the optimal response of the experiment was predicted and the reliability of the prediction was checked with the verification experiment. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 26, 161–170. Received 06 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 October 2000     

高效表达淀粉酶Bacillus koreensis的培养基响应面优化

为降低烟叶中的淀粉含量,提高烟叶的可用性,从云南马龙C3F-2014烟叶表面筛选出一株高产淀粉酶的细菌,经16sRNA测序鉴定为 Bacillus koreensis 。本研究利用响应面法优化 Bacillus koreensis 的培养基提高了其表达淀粉酶的产量。首先,单因素优化试验表明培养基的最优碳源、氮源和金属离子分别为淀粉、蛋白胨和Ca2+,培养条件单因素试验表明 Bacillus koreensis 最适初始pH、最适温度和最适接种量分别为pH8.0、37 ℃和3%。利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计对可溶性淀粉、蛋白胨、Ca2+设计三因素三水平实验,通过响应面回归分析,得到模型预测的最优培养基条件。在18.74 g/L可溶性淀粉,21.56 g/L蛋白胨,0.52 g/L CaCl2的培养基条件下 Bacillus koreensis 产淀粉酶最高。验证试验得到的淀粉酶活力达到959.39±22.34 U/mL,与模型的预测值相近,比未优化前提高了69.76%。本研究结果为烟草天然源淀粉酶处理烟叶,提高烟叶品质的工业化应用提供了基础。     

Optimization of the multienzyme system for sucrose biosensor by response surface methodology

An immobilized multienzyme- and cathodic amperometry-based biosensor for sucrose was constructed for the analysis of food and fermentation samples. The multienzyme system, comprising invertase, mutarotase and glucose oxidase (GOD), was immobilized by using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Operating parameters of the biosensor for the estimation of sucrose in the range 1–10% were standardized. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-factor, three-variable design was used to evaluate the effect of important variables (concentration of enzymes, (varied in the range invertase (10–50 IU), mutarotase (5–105 IU) and GOD (1–9 IU)) on the response of biosensor. In the range of parameters studied, response time decreased with decrease in the invertase and with increase in mutarotase and GOD. Mutarotase concentration above 75 IU was found to result in an increased response time due to inhibition of mutarotase by its product -D-glucose. The optimal conditions achieved for the analysis of sucrose were: invertase 10 IU, mutarotase 40 IU, and GOD 9 IU. With these conditions, the predicted and actual experimental response time values were 2.26 and 2.35 min respectively, showing good agreement.     

响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

响应面法对红法夫酵母合成虾青素主要影响因素的优化

在单因素试验确定了红法夫酵母生物合成虾青素培养基组份的基础上,用响应面法对其浓度进行优化。首先用分式析因设计评价了培养基的各组份对虾青素产量的影响,并找出主要影响因子为蔗糖和酵母粉,二者分别达到了极显著和显著水平。用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域后,运用旋转中心复合设计及响应面分析,确定了主要影响因子的最佳浓度。其中,蔗糖的最佳浓度为49.8g/L,酵母粉的浓度为9.6g/L。菌株在优化培养基中的虾青素产量为9861μg/L,比优化前增加了近1倍。     

Comprehensive studies on optimization of cellulase and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain via solid state fermentation using oil palm frond as substrate

The high cost of cellulases remains the most significant barrier to the economical production of bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The goal of this study was to optimize cellulases and xylanase production by a local indigenous fungus strain (Aspergillus niger DWA8) using agricultural waste (oil palm frond [OPF]) as substrate. The enzyme production profile before optimization indicated that the highest carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase), filter paper (FPase), and xylanase activities of 1.06 U/g, 2.55 U/g, and 2.93 U/g were obtained on day 5, day 4, and day 5 of fermentation, respectively. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of several key process parameters in order to optimize cellulase production. Of the five physical and two chemical factors tested, only moisture content of 75% (w/w) and substrate amount of 2.5 g had statistically significant effect on enzymes production. Under optimized conditions of 2.5 g of substrate, 75% (w/w) moisture content, initial medium of pH 4.5, 1 × 10⁶ spores/mL of inoculum, and incubation at ambient temperature (±30°C) without additional carbon and nitrogen, the highest CMCase, FPase, and xylanase activities obtained were 2.38 U/g, 2.47 U/g, and 5.23 U/g, respectively. Thus, the optimization process increased CMCase and xylanase production by 124.5 and 78.5%, respectively. Moreover, A. niger DWA8 produced reasonably good cellulase and xylanase titers using OPF as the substrate when compared with previous researcher finding. The enzymes produced by this process could be further use to hydrolyze biomass to generate reducing sugars, which are the feedstock for bioethanol production.