桃脂氧合酶基因的原核表达分析

利用RT-PCR技术从桃(Prunus persica L.)基因组中克隆到脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)基因3(PpLOX-3)的ORF全长.ORF全长与原核表达载体pET-32a(+)相连接,构建重组原核表达载体pET-LOX-3,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,在IPTG诱导下,通过SDS-PAGE电泳,得到一条约125 kD的融合蛋白条带,除去pET-32a(+)自身诱导的约20 kD大小的蛋白后,结果与PpLOX-3编码的约105 kD蛋白的大小一致.     

小麦细胞分裂素氧化酶基因TaCKX1原核表达载体的构建及表达

目的:构建小麦细胞分裂素氧化酶基因TaCKXI原核表达载体并进行表达,以期得到大量的His标签融合蛋白.方法:根据GenBank中的TaCKXI序列以及pET-24a载体中的多克隆位点设计引物,以含有TaCKXl编码基因的批pMD-QRCKXI重组质粒为模板,经PCR扩增得到TaCKXI基因的DNA片段.将所得的片段与pET-24a载体连接,转化DH5α大肠杆菌,筛选阳性克隆,其测序结果与原序列一致,表明原核表达载体pET-TaCKXI已构建成功.提取per-TaCKXI质粒转化到BL21(DE3)pLysS表达菌株中,经IPTG诱导后收集菌体进行SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,并优化其表达条件.结果:在大肠杆菌中获得TaCKXI基因融合表达,主要以包涵体形式存在;融合蛋白的分子量为58.91kD;IPTG终浓度为0.5、1.0、1.5.2.0mmol/L时,诱导融合蛋白产量相差不大.选用0.5mmol/L诱导15h获得大量的融合蛋白.经用原核表达蛋白纯化试剂盒纯化,得到了单一的融合蛋白.结论:小麦TaCKXI基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,为今后TaCKXI蛋白多克隆抗体的制备奠定了基础.     

钙激活酶激活蛋白基因的克隆及其在原核生物中表达及条件的优化

构建钙激活酶激活蛋白基因（UK114）的原核表达载体并优化其表达条件,为其高效表达提供试验依据。以UK114 cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增钙激活酶激活蛋白基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3中,酶切及测序鉴定重组体。将构建好的重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG进行诱导表达,在保持菌种不改变的前提下,分别改变IPTG的浓度、培养时间、菌体浓度、培养温度等来优化表达条件。结果显示,原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3-UK114成功构建,可在大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,得到相对分子质量约40 kD的GST-UK114融合蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.3 mmol/L,诱导温度为32℃,诱导时间为4 h,菌体密度OD600为0.6的条件下,目的蛋白表达量最高。试验成功构建原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3-UK114且获高效表达,为研究UK114生物学活性及产品开发提供了试验基础。     

金针菇谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及原核表达

利用简并引物和RT-PCR方法从金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)幼嫩子实体中克隆获得FvGDH全长cDNA序列.构建入门载体pGWC-FvGDH,利用Gateway克隆技术的LR反应构建原核重组表达载体pDESTl7-FvGDH,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).通过IPTG法诱导表达融合蛋白并进行表达条件优化.SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析表明,融合蛋白相对分子质量约为53 kD,与预测的一致.最佳表达条件为温度30℃、IPTG浓度0.4mmol/L、诱导4 h.融合蛋白表达量较高,实现了FvGDH的高效表达,并利用Western blotting对其特异性进行鉴定.FvGDH基因高效原核表达体系的成功建立,为进一步研究FvGDH的酶促动力学奠定了基础.     

德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8的克隆表达及进化分析

通过5’-RACE获得德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8基因的全长cDNA序列,进行生物信息学分析,构建原核表达载体,诱导重组蛋白表达,建立系统进化树,为进一步研究奠定基础。通过5’-RACE技术,PCR扩增获取编码德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8蛋白的全长cDNA序列;采用生物信息学方法分析预测Bla g 8蛋白的信号肽、疏水性、跨膜区、二级结构、三级结构;建立系统进化树;构建原核表达载体pET32a-B8,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,并用His-tag抗体Western blotting验证。结果显示,获得编码德国小蠊变应原Bla g 8的全长cDNA序列,其完整阅读框含618个碱基,编码205个氨基酸。序列分析显示该蛋白,肌球蛋白轻链,具有EF手蛋白保守功能域。IPTG诱导获得重组蛋白。获得德国小蠊Bla g 8的完整cDNA序列,成功构建重组原核表达质粒pET32a-B8,并表达出融合蛋白。     

毛白杨NBS型基因PtDRG01原核表达研究

为了分析毛白杨NBS型抗病基因PtDRG01(EF157840)编码蛋白的特性,研究构建了该基因的原核表达载体pGEX-Pt01,并导入大肠杆菌XA90,经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE电泳分析证明,该特异蛋白的分子量约为79kD。对原核表达体系以及融合蛋白的表达特性进行优化与分析表明:最佳诱导表达条件为1mmol/L IPTG在37℃下诱导4h,所表达的融合蛋白为胞内分泌的可溶性蛋白。利用谷胱苷肽-琼脂糖亲和层析柱纯化获得了电泳纯级的目标蛋白,为PtDRG01基因编码蛋白的功能鉴定研究奠定了基础。     

盐藻小G蛋白DsRab的原核表达及纯化

前期对盐藻小G蛋白基因DsRab研究表明,在盐胁迫诱导下该基因转录水平明显提高。为进一步研究该蛋白在盐藻耐盐机制中的作用,PCR扩增DsRab的开放阅读框(ORF),并将其克隆至带有GST标签的原核表达载体pGS-21a,得到重组表达载体pGS-21a-DsRab。将重组表达载体转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,并优化诱导表达条件,利用GST-SefinoseTM Kit进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。结果表明,成功构建了重组表达载体pGS-21a-DsRab,SDS-PAGE结果显示得到的蛋白与预期分子量相符,并且纯度较高;Western blot检测结果初步证明该融合蛋白为GST-DsRab。     

大肠杆菌yfiF基因原核表达系统构建、表达条件优化及蛋白纯化

[目的]构建大肠杆菌功能未知基因yfi F的原核表达系统,对诱导表达条件进行优化,并纯化表达的可溶性Yfi F融合蛋白。[方法]使用p ET16b表达质粒构建p ET16b-yfi F原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达Yfi F融合蛋白,对IPTG加入时机、终浓度及诱导时间进行优化,并使用镍柱纯化裂菌上清液中的可溶性Yfi F融合蛋白。[结果]构建了p ET16b-yfi F重组质粒,IPTG诱导表达Yfi F融合蛋白,最佳诱导条件为细菌生长至OD600值为1时加入IPTG,终浓度为0.1 mmol/L,诱导9 h。裂菌上清液中的可溶性Yfi F融合蛋白纯化后浓度为209μg/ml。[结论]成功构建了yfi F的原核表达系统,优化了诱导表达条件,可溶性Yfi F融合蛋白得到纯化。     

FASN基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)在生物体内起着重要的作用,主要参与恶性肿瘤的数量调控。本研究旨在构建pET28a-FASN原核表达载体,并表达重组His-FASN蛋白,对该基因进行结构与功能的生物信息学分析。设计FASN基因特异性引物,通过PCR扩增获得的目的基因与原核表达载体pET28a连接,经IPTG诱导表达His-FASN蛋白。获得基因片段大小为1 320 bp,编码440个氨基酸;成功构建至pET28a原核表达载体,通过优化表达,确定在温度为35℃、IPTG浓度0.5 mmol/L、诱导时间为6 h的条件下融合蛋白表达量较高,获得蛋白大小约为53 kD;生物信息学分析结果表明FASN基因编码的蛋白是一个不稳定且具有亲水性的蛋白,不存在信号肽及跨膜区,可成为蛋白激酶磷酸化位点有12个Ser、5个Thr、3个Tyr。此外,从蛋白相互作用网络中发现,相互作用的蛋白包括主要酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶家族成员,为开发抑制剂药物提供了理论依据。     

大豆GmOLPa基因的蛋白序列分析及原核表达

以盐诱导后的大豆根为材料,提取总RNA,RT-PCR得到GmOLPa目的片段。对其蛋白序列分析表明,该蛋白属于GH64-TLP-SF同源超家族中的PR-5蛋白,第25-244位氨基酸是其保守结构域,与番茄中的PR-5亲缘关系最为接近。构建GmOLPa基因ORF的原核表达载体pET-28-GP,并对其在大肠杆菌BL21中的表达条件进行优化。SDS-PAGE证实重组质粒能够在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,目的蛋白分子量约为30 kD,最佳诱导时间为4 h,最佳IPTG诱导浓度为1.0 mmol/L。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.