血管紧张素Ⅱ在紧张应激引起大鼠血压升高中的作用

实验在雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠上进行。实验动物被随机分为对照组、应激组和应激 腹腔注射卡托普利 (captopril)组。应激组大鼠每天给予电击足底结合噪声的应激刺激 ,每日 2次 ,每次 2h ,连续 15d ;应激 ipcaptopril组大鼠在给予应激刺激期间 ,经腹腔内注射captopril 5 0mg/kg d。实验结果观察到 ,15d后 ,三组大鼠平均尾动脉收缩压分别为 :对照组 16 32± 0 5 5kPa (n =7) ,应激组 19 75± 1 0kPa (n =8) ,应激 ipcaptopril组17 6 9± 1 0 7kPa (n =8)。应激 ipcaptopril组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压较对照组动物有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但又显著低于应激组大鼠 (P <0 0 5 ) ;同时 ,三组大鼠下丘脑组织中AVP mRNA水平分别为 :对照组 7332 6 6± 5 2 2 6 5 (n =6 ) ;应激组 12 990 33± 15 33 5 8(n =6 ) ,应激 ipcaptopril组 10 6 15 5± 1410 49(n =6 )。应激 ipcaptopril组大鼠下丘脑组织中AVP mRNA水平较对照组有显著升高 (P <0 0 0 1) ,但又显著低于单纯应激组大鼠 (P <0 0 5 )。统计结果显示 :各组大鼠下丘脑组织中AVP mRNA水平与血压之间存在正相关关系 (P <0 0 0 1)。对照组大鼠在侧脑室注射 (icv)选择性血管升压素 (AVP)V1受体拮抗剂d(CH2 ) 5Tyr(Me)AVP 0 3μg后 ,其平均动脉压 (     

血管紧张素Ⅱ、心房钠尿肽Ⅲ和血管升压素对大鼠脑片室旁核神经元放电活动的影响

在28个脑片观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ(AGⅡ)、心房钠尿肽Ⅲ(ANPⅢ)和血管升压素(AVP)三种多肽对101个下丘脑室旁核(PVN)神经元单位电活动的影响。脑片灌流AGⅡ(10~(-7)mol/L,3 min)后,28/50个单位(56.0％)放电频率明显增加,5/50个单位(10.0％)放电频率降低,17/50个单位(34.0％)无明显反应。AGⅡ对PVN放电单位的兴奋和抑制作用均可为AGⅡ受体阻断剂saralasin(10~(-6)mol/L)所阻断。脑片灌流ANPⅢ(10~(-7)mol/L,3 min)后,16/26个单位(61.5％)放电频率明显降低,1/26个单位(3.9％)放电频率增加,9/26个单位(34.6％)无明显反应。脑片灌流AVP,(10~(-7)mol/L,3min)后,19/25个单位(76.0％)放电频率明显增加,1/25个单位(4.0％)放电频率降低,5/25个单位(20,0％)无明显反应。在观察这三种多肽对同一PVN神经元的作用时,4个单位对AGⅡ和AVP均产生兴奋反应;2个单位对AGⅡ呈兴奋和被ANPⅢ所抑制;7个单位对AVP呈兴奋,而对ANPⅢ为抑制,未见到既对AGⅡ和AVP呈兴奋,又为ANPⅢ所抑制的单位。结果提示:AGⅡ,ANP和AVP三种多肽都能影响PVN神经元的自发电活动,PVN可能是神经内分泌和植物性功能调节的中枢整合部位之一。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ、心房钠尿肽和血管升压素对大鼠脑片穹窿下器神经元活动的影响

在31个脑片观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ(AGⅡ)、心房钠尿肽(ANP)和血管升压素(AVP)三种多肽对87个穹窿下器(SFO)神经元单位电活动的影响。脑片灌流AGⅡ(10~(-7)mol/L,3min)后,40/55个单应(72.73％)放电频率明显增加,3/55个单位(5.45％)放电频率降低,12/55个单位(21.82％)无明显反应。AGⅡ对SFO放电单位的兴奋作用可被AGⅡ受体阻断剂saralasin(10~(-6)mol/L)完全阻断。脑片灌流心房肽Ⅲ(APⅢ)(10~(-7)mol/L,3min)后,7/17个单位(41.18％)放电频率明显降低,2/17个单位(11.76％)放电频率增加,8/17个单位(47.06％)无明显反应。脑片灌流AVP(10~(-7)mol/L,3min)后,8/15个单位(53.33％)放电频率明显增加,3/15个单位(20.00％)放电频率降低,4/15个单位(26.67％)无明显反应。在观察这三种多肽对同一SFO神经元的作用时,1个单位对AGⅡ和AVP均产生兴奋反应;3个单位对AGⅡ呈兴奋和被APⅢ所抑制;1个单位对AVP呈兴奋,而对APⅢ为抑制,未见到既对AGⅡ和AVP呈兴奋,又为APⅢ所抑制的单位。结果提示:AGⅡ,ANP和AVP三种多肽都能影响SFO神经元的自发电活动,SFO可能也是三者调节机体水盐平衡和血压的中枢部位之一。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠下丘脑内血管升压素基因转录的影响

实验在雄性ＳＤ大鼠中进行,用核酸斑点杂交技术观察下丘脑组织中血管升压素（ＡＶＰ）基因转录水平变化,用异羟基洋地黄毒甙（ＧＩＧ）标记的２６个碱基长寡聚核苷酸作为检测探针。实验中观察到,用渗透压微泵向大鼠侧脑人连续注射微量血管紧张素Ⅰ（０．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｈ）２ｄ后,可引起动物饮水量显著增加,下丘脑组织中ＡＶＰ基因转录水平高,但无统计学显著意义。将实验动物日饮水量限制在与对照动物相同的每日饮水量之后,侧脑     

内源性中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ在慢性应激大鼠血压高反应性中的作用

心理生理学研究表明,高血压病人对应激刺激的反应性要高于正常血压者,高血压息者对刺激产生的血压变化在幅度与时限上均强于正常血压者。动物实验表明,与Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠相比,自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)对环境心理应激的心血管反应性增强,并可能与遗传有关。在SHR的高血压维持中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)起一定作用。本实验探讨内源性中枢AⅡ在慢性应激Wistar大鼠动脉血压高反应     

应激时大鼠血,脑,心血管,肾上腺血管紧张素Ⅱ含量的变化

本实验观察了三种应激情况下,大鼠血浆,下丘脑,延髓,心肌,血管及肾上腺组织血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）含量,以及血浆皮质酮含量的。应激方式分为急性应激（冷水游泳,断肢创伤）与慢性应激（寒冷环境刺激）。结果表明：急性应激动物血中ＡⅡ剧烈增高,游泳组达对照值的９００％,创伤组增至３９０％,慢性寒冷组增至１３４％;而组织ＡⅡ除肾上腺外,则以慢性寒冷组增加最明显,游泳组次之,创伤组无明显变化。血浆皮质酮各组均显著     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化对中枢肾上腺素...

The content of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats has proved abnormal, but the cause remained unknown. It was shown in the recent work that NE content in pons, posterior hypothalamus, nucleus caudatus and E concentration in medulla oblongata, anterior and posterior hypothalamus of 12-week old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were much higher than those of age-matched Wister-Kyoto rats (WKY). SHRSP also showed higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and brain angiotensin II (A II) than WKY. Intracerebroventricular (icv) perfusion of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (20 micrograms for each time and three times for each day for four weeks) inhibited the synthesis of brain A II and reduced SBP and NE, E contents in all examined brain areas in SHRSP and WKY. However, the effects of chronically perfused captopril on SBP and brain NE, E levels in SHRSP were much more significant than in WKY. The results indicate that the modulatory effects of central renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on central adrenergic and noradrenergic system might be overactivated in SHRSP, which might partially responsible for the abnormally high levels of NE, E in some of the brain areas of SHRSP.     

Effects of angiotensin II on the spontaneous activity of rostral ventrolateral medullary cardiovascular neurons and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The interactive role of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) cardiovascular neurons and brain angiotensin II (Ang II) in regulating the arterial blood pressure was examined by recording simultaneously the spontaneous activity of these spinal projecting neurons and the arterial blood pressure in the pentobarbital-anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its normotensive control, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). It was found that Ang II elicited dose-dependent excitatory responses in a subpopulation of RVL cardiovascular neurons, followed by a subsequent increase in blood pressure. These effects of Ang II were significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. The effects were attenuated or abolished by co-administration of Ang II antagonist, [Sar¹, Ile⁸]-Ang II. Pre-administration of [Sar¹, Ile⁸]-Ang II to RVL using bilateral microinjection attenuated the blood pressure effects of intracerebroventricularly administered Ang II by as much as 70%. These results indicated that spinal projecting RVL cardiovascular neurons are important in mediating the pressor action of Ang II. The enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness of RVL cardiovascular neurons to Ang II may be pertinent to the genesis of hypertension in adult SHR.     

大鼠侧脑室注射神经降压素对血压的作用

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠,用乌拉坦腹腔麻醉,在侧脑室注射神经降压素（ＮＴ）（１０,２０μｇ）可引起血压升高或降低,心率减慢,预先ｉｃｖ ａ１受体阻断剂哌唑嗪,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢升压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｍ受体阻断剂硫酸阿托品,可阻断ＮＴ的中枢降压反应,预先ｉｃｖ Ｈ１受体阻断剂扑尔敏或Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍,对ＮＴ的中枢心血管效应均无明显影响。实验结果表明：脑中ＮＴ升高可使血压升高或降低;在     

侧脑室及下丘脑视前区微量注射孤啡肽对大鼠血压、心率的影响

孤啡肽（OrphaninFQ,OFQ）是1995年底发现的内阿片肽,一级结构与强啡肽A很相似,但生物学作用与其它内阿片肽有所不同。本工作采用侧脑室及核团微量注射的方法,观察了中枢OFQ对大鼠心血管活动的影响。结果表明：侧脑室注射1、10μgONQ可明显降低大鼠平均动脉压（MAP）及心率（HR）;侧脑室预先注射4μg纳洛酮不影响1μgOWQ的降压及减慢心率的效应。下丘脑视前区（POA）微量注射1μgOFQ也可降低血压、减慢心率。结果表明,中枢OFQ与其它内阿片肽相似,可抑制心血管活动,且其抑制作用不是通过μ、δ、κ阿片受体介导。POA为中枢OFQ抑制心血管活动的靶区之一。     

Attenuation of pressor responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin I by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and their effects on systemic blood pressure in conscious rats

The components of the renin-angiotensin system exist in the brain but their physiological role is uncertain. The effects of two angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, MK 421 (or its diacid) and captopril, on brain ACE activity, as measured by inhibition of the pressor response to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered angiotensin I (AI), and the potential contribution of the central nervous system to their antihypertensive activity were evaluated in the present series of experiments. The diacid of MK 421 (1 and 10 ug) and captopril (3 and 10 ug) given i.c.v. to conscious normotensive rats reduced the pressor response to i.c.v. AI indicating that they can inhibit brain ACE. Responses to AII were unaffected. Oral administration of maximal antihypertensive doses of MK 421 (10 mg/kg) and of captopril (30 mg/kg) to normotensive rats did not attenuate pressor responses to i.c.v. AI indicating that brain ACE was not inhibited under these circumstances. Intracerebroventricular administration of MK 421 diacid, (10 and 30 ug) and captopril (30 and 100 ug) did not lower baseline blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. These experiments indicate that MK 421 and captopril can inhibit brain ACE but that the central renin-angiotensin system probably does not contribute to their antihypertensive activity.     

Effects of two angiotensin II analogues on blood pressure in normal subjects with various sodium balances

The antagonistic potencies and agonistic effects of two clinically available angiotensin II analogues, 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II and 1-sarcosine, 8-alanine angiotensin II, were compared in normal subjects in various sodium balances. Both compounds had an agonistic pressor effect and this was affected by the sodium balance; in the low sodium state, the agonistic effect of both compounds decreased significantly and that of 1-Sar,8-Ala angiotensin II was not seen. The agonistic effect of 1-Sar,8-Ile angiotensin II was greater than that of 1-Sar,8-Ala angiotensin II in all sodium balances. The antagonistic effects of both compounds were also affected by the sodium balance, and were greatest in the low sodium state. In subjects on low sodium diet or regular diet 1-Sar,8-Ile angiotensin II had the same or more antagonistic action than 1-Sar, 8-Ala angiotensin II, but in those on high sodium diet the reverse was observed.In clinical and pharmacological studies, the sodium balance of patient should always monitored. Pretreatment of patients for sodium depletion is necessary to prevent side effects due to the agonistic pressor effects of these compounds.     

侧脑室注射心房钠尿肽对大鼠室旁核单位放电...

We have applied microelectrode technique to record 118 spontaneously firing units from the hypothalamus in rats. Detection of the recording sites showed that 84 were in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and 34 were near the PVN (near-PVN). After intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), 91% (P less than 0.005) of the PVN neurones and 71% (P greater than 0.05) of near-PVN neurones sensitive to ANP showed a significant decrease in spontaneously firing rate. After i.c.v. administration of hypertonic NaCl solution, 64.7% (P less than 0.005) of the PVN neurones and 61.1% (P greater than 0.05) of near-PVN neurones showed a significant increase in firing rate. The results indicate that i.c.v. administration of ANP profoundly inhibits the electrical activity of the PVN neurones, but hypertonic NaCl solution markedly stimulates the PVN neurones.     

Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin II on emetic reflex in dogs

Area postrema is rich in angiotensin II receptors and intravenous (iv) administration of angiotensin II has been reported to elicit emesis. However, in the present study intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of angiotensin II up to a dose of 10 micrograms failed to elicit emesis. It is suggested that presence of a cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier in area postrema most probably prevents access of icv angiotensin II to its receptors which are otherwise accessible on iv administration.     

侧脑室注射肾上腺髓质素对大鼠脑内心血管相关核团儿茶酚胺神经元及c-fos表达的影响

目的和方法:利用Fos蛋白和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的双重免疫组化方法,观察侧脑室注射肾上腺髓质素对大鼠心血管相关核团中儿茶酚胺神经元及c fos表达的影响,以探讨肾上腺髓质素的中枢效应是否通过激活脑内儿茶酚胺能神经元而诱发。结果:①侧脑室注射肾上腺髓质素(3nmol/kg)诱发脑干、下丘脑及前脑等多个部位的心血管中枢出现大量Fos样免疫反应神经元。②侧脑室注射肾上腺髓质素引起最后区(AP)、孤束核(NTS)、巨细胞旁外侧核(PGL)和蓝斑核(LC)内Fos TH双标神经元明显增加。③降钙素基因相关肽受体拮抗剂CGRP8-37(30nmol/kg)可明显减弱肾上腺髓质素的效应。结论:肾上腺髓质素可兴奋脑干、下丘脑及前脑等多个部位心血管相关核团的神经元,其中枢效应通过激活儿茶酚胺能神经元而诱发,降钙素基因相关肽受体介导这一效应。     

Effect of intracerebroventricular angiotensin II on body weight and food intake in adult rats

We recently reported that intracerebroventricular infusions of ANG II decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure in young rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if intracerebroventricular ANG II has similar effects in adult rats. The time course of the effect was also investigated with the idea that at earlier time points, a potential role for increased hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the anorexia could be established. Finally, the contribution of ANG II-induced water drinking to the decrease in food intake was directly investigated. Rats received intracerebroventricular saline or ANG II using osmotic minipumps. Food intake, water intake, and body weight were measured daily. Experiments were terminated 2, 5, or 11 days after the beginning of the infusions. ANG II (approximately 32 ng.kg(-1).min(-1)) produced a transient decrease in food intake that lasted for 4-5 days although body weight continued to be decreased for the entire experiment most likely due to increased energy expenditure as evidenced by increased uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue. At 11 and 5 days, the expression of CRH mRNA was decreased. At 2 days, CRH expression was not suppressed even though body weight was decreased. The decrease in food intake and body weight was identical whether or not rats were allowed to increase water consumption. These data suggest that in adult rats ANG II acts within the brain to affect food intake and energy expenditure in a manner that is not related to water intake.     

Effects of angiotensin II on arterial pressure, renin and aldosterone during exercise

To evaluate the effect of isotonic exercise on the response to angiotensin II, angiotensin II in saline solution was infused intravenously (7.5 ng X kg-1 X min-1) in seven normal sodium replete male volunteers before, during and after a graded uninterrupted exercise test on the bicycle ergometer until exhaustion. The subjects performed a similar exercise test on another day under randomized conditions when saline solution only was infused. At rest in recumbency angiotensin II infusion increased plasma angiotensin II from 17 to 162 pg X ml-1 (P less than 0.001). When the tests with and without angiotensin II are compared, the difference in plasma angiotensin II throughout the experiment ranged from 86 to 145 pg X ml-1. The difference in mean intra-arterial pressure averaged 17 mmHg at recumbent rest, 12 mmHg in the sitting position, 9 mmHg at 10% of peak work rate and declined progressively throughout the exercise test to become non-significant at the higher levels of activity. Plasma renin activity rose with increasing levels of activity but angiotensin II significantly reduced the increase. Plasma aldosterone, only measured at rest and at peak exercise, was higher during angiotensin II infusion; the difference in plasma aldosterone was significant at rest, but not at peak exercise. In conclusion, the exercise-induced elevation of angiotensin II does not appear to be an important factor in the increase of blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)