4种秦艽属植物不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量的比较分析

利用HPLC法测定了秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)、粗茎秦艽(G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.)、麻花秦艽(G.straminea Maxim.)和小秦艽(G.dahurica Fisch.)根、茎、叶和花中4种环烯醚萜苷成分(包括马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷)的含量,并对来源于不同产地秦艽和小秦艽不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分的含量进行了比较。结果显示:4种秦艽属植物不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量差异明显,来源于3个产地(陕西太白、甘肃西河乡和马狭)的秦艽和2个产地(青海互助和陕西麟游)的小秦艽不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷含量也均具有明显差异。4种秦艽属植物根、茎、叶和花中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量分别为质量分数5.996%～10.869%、0.310%～4.065%、0.235%～4.138%和0.545%～5.591%;根中獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷的质量分数分别为0.516%～0.953%和0.042%～0.210%,茎中分别为0.173%～0.383%和0.031%～1.700%,叶中分别为0.068%～0.684%和0.020%～3.208%,花中分别为0.460%～0.832%和0.138%～3.827%。粗茎秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最高,小秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最低,总体上,秦艽和粗茎秦艽中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量高于小秦艽和麻花秦艽;小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,而秦艽茎和叶及粗茎秦艽花中獐牙菜苷含量均最低。4种秦艽属植物根部龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸含量均明显高于茎、叶和花,獐牙菜苦苷在根和花中的积累较多,獐牙菜苷在花中的含量均相对最高。产自青海互助的小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,质量分数分别为2.884%、5.215%和7.321%。研究结果表明:4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量不但与植物种类和器官有关,而且与产地和采样时间也有关。     

RP-HPLC法测定青海产四种秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量

建立了秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷含量测定的RP-HPLC方法。色谱条件：采用ZorbaxEclipseXDB-C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相：甲醇-0.03%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱（0～25min：15%～23%;25～30min：23%～30%）,流速：1mL/min,柱温：25℃,检测波长240nm,獐牙菜苦苷在0.20～1.8μg范围内成良好的线性关系,r=0.9999,回收率RSD=1.32%。对青海产4种秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量进行了定量分析,测定结果：小秦艽中獐牙菜苦苷的含量最高为：0.62%,麻花秦艽与管花秦艽的含量没有显著差异,分别为：0.43%,0.45%,簧管秦艽的含量最低为：0.32%。     

藏药麻花秦艽中苦苷类成分的含量测定及品质评价

建立了反相高效液相色谱检测藏药麻花秦艽药材中主要苦苷类成分龙胆苦苷与落干酸含量的分析方法,对栽培和野生藏药植物麻花秦艽中苦苷类成分进行了定性、定量分析,对栽培麻花秦艽代替野生麻花秦艽入药进行了品质评价,结果表明,栽培植物藏药麻花秦艽不仅可代替野生药材入药,并具有深度开发的前景。     

秦艽根中柱裂分结构的发生及龙胆苦苷的积累研究

采用植物解剖学、组织化学、分析化学和现代仪器分析技术相结合的方法,系统研究了秦艽根的中柱裂分发生、有效成分积累部位及其结构与有效成分的积累关系。结果表明：（1）秦艽根的中柱裂分发生是由于维管形成层和薄壁细胞的异常活动,使原维管柱裂分为几个相对独立的维管柱,这些独立的维管柱被木栓化细胞包围,主根裂分为支根;（2）秦艽根中的有效成分主要存在于维管组织的韧皮薄壁细胞和木薄壁细胞中;（3）秦艽根中裂分部位的龙胆苦苷含量为未裂分部位的60%。     

甘肃濒危植物秦艽的龙胆苦苷含量和遗传多样性的研究北大核心CSCD

通过对不同产地秦艽的含量和遗传多样性进行研究,为甘肃秦艽的就地保护提供理论依据。龙胆苦苷含量测定采用高效液相色谱法,遗传多样性和遗传结构进行研究采用等位酶分析技术。不同产地秦艽的有效成分龙胆苦苷的含量存在一定的差异,对秦艽的6个居群152株通过12个酶位点的分析表明,秦艽具有较低的遗传多样性。每位点平均等位基因数（A）为0．7694,多态位点百分率（P）为16．16,秦艽居群间的遗传分化系数（白t）为0．1247,说明其87．63％的遗传变异存在于居群问。通过对不同地区秦艽药材的有效成分含量和等位酶的分析,为保护野生品种、确保引种栽培秦艽药材的质量提供了科学依据。     

獐芽菜苷的提取与分离

獐芽菜苷为秦艽药材主要成分之一,根据獐芽菜苷理化性质,筛选从秦艽药材中提取獐芽菜苷方法,通过对药材提取、提取液浓缩、上大孔树脂柱、洗脱、上硅胶柱、收集洗脱液、过滤、洗涤及干燥等工序的考察,建立提取工艺参数,所制备獐芽菜苷原料含量在99%以上,大于0.1%杂质为已知杂质。制备过程简单,所得样品纯度高,工艺稳定,可商业化生产。     

秦艽的生物学研究

秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)属龙胆科(Gentianaceae)龙胆属(Gentiana L.)秦艽组(Sect.Cruciata Gaudin)植物,是我国大宗中药材秦艽的源植物之一。近年来对秦艽药用成分的分离鉴定和药理学等进行了较深入地研究。重点通过对秦艽的种质资源与分布、形态解剖、生殖生物学及栽培学等生物学方面的研究进行综述,为深入研究秦艽的生物学特性及其发展秦艽生产提供参考。     

罗氏海盘车中两个新的脑苷类化合物——罗氏脑苷B和罗氏脑苷C

采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备HPLC等手段,从海洋生物罗氏海盘车(Asterias rollestoni Bell.)中分离得到两个化合物,利用理化和波谱分析方法鉴定为2-(2′R-羟基-十五碳酰胺)-3-羟基-(2S,3R)-二十二烷1-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(1)和2-{2′-羟基-(2′R,14′Z)-二十三碳烯酰胺}-3-羟基-(2S,3R,6E)-十五碳烯1-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(2),它们都是未见报道的新化合物,分别命名为罗氏脑苷B和罗氏脑苷C。     

天胡荽属药用植物的积雪草苷与羟基积雪草苷的含量测定

目的:建立天胡荽属植物的积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷HPLC含量分析的方法,为开发利用天胡荽属植物药用资源奠定基础。方法:以积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷为指标成分,采用高效液相色谱法,以Symmetry C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱;乙腈-水(29∶71,v/v)为流动相;流速0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长210 nm,外标法进行测定。结果:积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=34 958X+154 822 R2=0.999 1(n=8),羟基积雪草苷的回归方程为:Y=114 318X-21 002 R2=0.999 2(n=8),结果表明线性关系与分离度良好,平均加样回收率为99.98%、100.53%,RSD为1.86%、2.31%。结论:该方法稳定性、重复性良好,可做为天胡荽属药用资源的评价方法之一,实验结果为野生与栽培资源的开发与利用奠定了基础。     

粗茎秦艽及其栽培

粗茎秦艽为龙胆科龙胆属植物,又叫粗茎龙胆(Gentiana crassicaulis),别名秦艽、小秦艽、川秦艽、秦纠、左秦艽、大艽、左扭、罗卜艽、牛尾艽等。出《神农本草经》,列为中品,历来粗茎秦艽与秦艽一样入药,现仍收载药典,以根入药。性味辛、苦、平。有祛风湿、清湿热、止脾痛之功。常用于风湿脾痛、筋脉拘挛、骨节烦痛、日脯潮热、小儿疳积发热等症。据报道,根含生物碱:秦艽碱乙、秦艽碱丙、糖类、挥发油和龙胆苦碱等。我省所用的秦艽,一直是靠从省外进货,主要是从西北,每年进货五千公斤左右(现价每公斤7     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism