Educating the medical community through a teratology newsletter.

To educate a geographically and professionally diverse group of health care providers about teratology in an economic and efficient manner, we developed a locally written and distributed teratology newsletter. Response to the newsletter, from readers as well as from our staff and funding agencies, suggests that such a newsletter can be a valuable tool in educating medical communities about teratology.     

Patterns of medical drug use - a community focus.

The pattern and extent of medical use of drugs was examined by survey in a rural Ontario community (Smithville) and a suburban (Burlington) family practice. Changes in established patterns of drug use that occur after the introduction of a nurse practitioner were also examined in the suburban practice. In both surveys 60% of respondents were using at least one medication and 30% were taking at least one medication prescribed or suggested by a doctor. There were consistently high rates of use of nonprescribed drugs at all ages, especially among females. Vitamins and tonics were the most commonly used drugs, and were taken by 25 to 28% of the respondents, 40% of whom used them on the advice of a physician. From 8.8 to 10.5% of respondents used sedatives or tranquillizers, and reduction in the prescribed use of these drugs was found among patients managed by the nurse practitioners. Self-medication is apparently unrelated to the frequency of medical consultation.     

Six medical students in a community hospital

This paper describes part of an education experiment at the University of British Columbia at Vancouver.Six final-year medical students spent approximately 12 weeks in a community. Their time was divided between the hospital and various doctors'' offices. They answered a simple questionnaire to describe their experiences and commented favourably upon the opportunities for direct patient contact, learning basic skills, informal teaching by both family physicians and consultants, and the variety of work available.They had the opportunity to follow up the progress of the patient and learn the natural history of common illnesses. They achieved their basic objectives. We conclude from their reports and informal conversation that the experiment was successful and recommend other institutions to try similar programs.     

Role modeling in medical education.

Role models play an important part in determining how medical trainees mature professionally. Demonstrating clinical skills at the bedside is the most distinctive characteristic of an effective role model. We discuss how role modeling affects professional identity and career choice and offer several suggestions for improving medical education, including the need for leaders to change the educational climate and culture. If implemented, these changes would enhance our ability to provide medical students with positive role models.     

Moorgate tube train disaster. Part 1-Response of medical services.

Experience of the medical staff at a major subterranean accident scene showed that there appeared to be a substantial advantage in using site medical teams that could offer anaesthetic facilities. The need for adequate communication from the accident site to the hospital is emphasized.     

滤食性贝类对浮游植物群落增殖作用的研究

报道了在室内实验条件下贝类对浮游植物促长（间接）作用的研究结果,数据表明,贝类对浮游植物有明显的促长作用,并且浮游植物的增长与贝类密度呈正相关,贝类对浮游植物的促长作用随藻类种类的不同具有较大的差别,主要取决于藻类对营养盐的需求量,由于贝类排泄产物和排泄量存在种间差异,因而对浮游植物具有不同的促长效果。