氨法提取油茶皂素

本文报导了一种在常温下用稀氨水从油茶饼中提取油茶皂素的方法,并讨论了影响产品颜色的诸因素。粗产品为淡黄色粉末,粗产品的得率大于9.0％,皂素含量为80％。残渣可用作饲料。     

利用薯芋生产酒精及提取皂素

薯芋是一种野生药用植物,其根内含有薯芋皂素和丰富的淀粉。薯芋皂素是医药工业中生产甾体类药物的主要原料。我国的皂素生产一直采用“直接酸水解法”,即原料经酸水解,将所含的薯芋皂甙分解成皂素,再从水解物中提取皂素。但由于原料内所含之淀粉经酸水解后,随水解液流失,而得不到利用。遵照伟大领袖毛主席关于“深挖洞、广积粮、不称霸”的教导,我们将薯芋先发酵生产酒精,再将酒糟用“直接酸水解法”提取皂素,进行了薯芋植物的综合利     

黄姜皂素提取工艺研究

以黄姜为原料,研究皂素提取的生产工艺。通过对几种工艺的比较,确定一种先分离黄姜中纤维素及淀粉,再经过酸水解、中和提取皂素的方法。该法黄姜皂素的平均得率为传统方法的86.56%,用酸量仅为传统方法的9.62%,同时分离得到46.44%的纤维素和32.75%的淀粉。该法资源综合利用率明显提高,并大幅度减少废水的生成,减少环境污染,节约原料、能源,生产周期也明显缩短。     

无患子皂素无水乙醇提取工艺及提纯方法比较研究

采用无水乙醇对无患子果皮中的皂素进行提取分离。提取工艺研究表明,当固液比为1:6,在50℃,150r/min摇床中提取6 h后,无患子皂素的得率为37.5%。通过向提取液中分别加入丙酮和无水乙醚可将皂素析出分离,皂素得率分别为17.9%和32.0%。丙酮析出分离出的皂素得率较低,但疏松洁白,颗粒较细,纯度为90.5%。无水乙醚析出分离的皂素颜色微黄,颗粒较大,纯度为84.7%,得率高达85.3%,是理想的无患子皂素提纯溶剂。     

薯蓣皂素的节水生产工艺研究

盾叶薯蓣是我国特有的甾体激素类药源植物,其根茎所含的薯蓣皂素是合成多种甾体激素的前体物质。本文在预发酵酸水解的基础上探讨不同盐酸浓度、不同加水量以及不同中和试剂对薯蓣皂素提取率的影响,旨在降低生产过程中的耗水量。实验结果表明:HCL浓度为2.5 mol/L时,薯蓣皂素提取率最大,为2.408%;皂素含量随加水量的减少而减少;最佳的中和试剂为CaO。     

从生产半胱氨酸的废母液中回收胱氨酸的工艺研究

研究了一种从生产半胱氨酸的废母液中回收胱氨酸的工艺,介绍了工艺过程并讨论了其主要原理及影响因素。该方法工艺简单,操作方便,对设备的要求低,而回收率、产品含量均较高,是一种回收利用氨基酸、减少环境污染的好方法。     

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

薯蓣皂素对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的作用随处理浓度的不同而有差别。0．5mg／L对种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的促进作用,处理后的油菜幼苗下胚轴伸长,干鲜重增加,并且子叶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶、Ca2 -ATP酶的活性都高于对照,这表明适度的薯蓣皂素有利于油菜生长和代谢。     

薯蓣皂素对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响

用不同浓度的薯蓣皂素喷施处理小麦幼苗叶片,研究薯蓣皂素在干旱胁迫下对小麦幼苗影响。结果表明,喷施一定浓度的外源薯蓣皂素,在干旱胁迫下可保持小麦幼苗叶片相对含水量,提高SOD和POD活性,降低MDA含量,对小麦幼苗抗旱有一定的作用。且薯蓣皂素最佳质量浓度为0.5 mg.L-1。     

超声辅助低水比提取无患子皂素工艺过程研究

无患子皂素是一种天然的表面活性剂,具有良好的乳化、分散、发泡、湿润等功效。采用超声波辅助法低水比无患子皂素提取优化工艺为:超声频率20 kHz,超声时间20 min,料液比1∶6,超声功率800 W,提取温度60℃,皂素提取得率为37.27%。超声波辅助法提取无患子皂素可以减少过程用水量,降低能耗,提高皂素得率。     

生物合成薯蓣皂素的途径设计及关键酶分析

薯蓣皂素是一种天然甾体皂苷元,可作为数百种类固醇药物的前体,具有重要药用价值。目前工业生产薯蓣皂素主要依赖化学提取法,因此该法依赖植物材料和耕地且对环境有害。随着代谢工程和合成生物学的发展,生物合成法受到广泛关注。文中综述了生物合成薯蓣皂素的代谢途径和关键酶,并在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中设计其异源合成途径,提出改造策略,以期为全生物合成薯蓣皂素提供有价值的参考。     

非蛋白氨基酸的生物合成及其生物学作用

解释了蛋白氨基酸和非蛋白氨基酸,并着重论述了非蛋白氨基酸的生物合成及其生物学作用。非蛋白氨基酸的生物合成主要通过基本氨基酸合成后的修饰、代谢及消旋作用产生,其生物学作用主要表现在能合成其他含氮物质、储藏氮和运输氮、储能、组成细菌细胞壁、毒性作用及药物作用等方面。     

用阳离子铵型树脂分离苯丙氨酸

应用铵型阳离子交换树脂分离L 苯丙氨酸 ,确定了溶液在pH 1.0的条件下上铵型柱 ,用 0 .15mol L氨水解析 ,解析液对上柱液的苯丙氨酸收率为 95 %。     

合浦马氏珍珠母液生物活性成分的检测

目的研究合浦马氏珠母贝提取的珍珠母液,对其主要活性成分进行检测分析。方法采用《中华人民共和国国家标准》中的食品氨基酸、牛磺酸和微量元素的测定方法进行检测。结果合浦马氏珠母贝提取的天然珍珠母液含有丰富的活性物质（氨基酸总含量为223．7mg／100ml、牛磺酸总含量为276．4mg／100ml）和多种微量元素（锌、铜、铁、镁、钙等）。结论从马氏珠母贝中提取的天然珍珠母液有潜在的多领域应用和综合开发价值。     

Xylitol production from xylose mother liquor: a novel strategy that combines the use of recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida maltosa</Emphasis>

Background  

Xylose mother liquor has high concentrations of xylose (35%-40%) as well as other sugars such as L-arabinose (10%-15%), galactose (8%-10%), glucose (8%-10%), and other minor sugars. Due to the complexity of this mother liquor, further isolation of xylose by simple method is not possible. In China, more than 50,000 metric tons of xylose mother liquor was produced in 2009, and the management of sugars like xylose that present in the low-cost liquor is a problem.     

Methandienone-I. A convenient method for the separation of 17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxyandrosta-i,4-dien-3-one and 17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxyanorosta-1,4,6-trien-3-one

17 α -Methyl-17 β -hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one and 17α-methyl-17β-hydroxyandrosta-1,4, 6-trienone are found in the mother liquor of the reaction leading to the formation of the former from 17 α -methyl-17β -hydroxyandrosta-4-ene-3-one (I). This mother liquor usually discarded as waste product in the industrial production of 17α -methyl-17β -hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one, can now be used for obtaining the two compounds separately using sodium metabisulfite.     

Concentration of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin bioconversion solution and its mother liquor by nanofiltration membrane

In this study, nanofiltration was applied to the concentration of the 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA) from bioconverted penicillin solution and also to its mother liquor. The 6-APA in the solution was concentrated from 0.211 mol/L to 0.746 mol/L by nanofiltration. The final maximum concentration was 3.6 times higher than the initial concentration and the recovery yield was 97% to 99% of the original 6-APA. The concentrated solution was crystallized with the yields of 88.9–90.2% and the purity of the crystallized product was about 98%. The concentration of 6-APA in the mother liquor after crystallization was 0.014 mol/L and thus was concentrated 20–30 fold by nanofiltration and crystallization. The recovery of 6-APA was over 98%. The salts contained in the mother liquor, such as NH₄Cl and KCl, could be removed by allowing them to permeate through the membrane.     

Microbiological purification of L-arabitol from xylitol mother liquor

As a rare sugar alcohol, L-arabitol can be used in food and can prevent extra fat deposits in the intestinal tract. Commercially, L-arabitol is prepared from pure L-arabinose by hydrogenation, which needs a high temperature and high pressure, leading to a high production cost for Larabitol. Therefore, this study describes a novel L-arabitol production method based on biological purification from the xylitol mother liquor, a cheap and readily available raw material that contains a high concentration of Larabitol. First, a novel Bacillus megaterium strain was screened that can utilize xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol, yet not L-arabitol. The isolated strain was inoculated into a medium containing the xylitol mother liquor under formulated culture conditions, where a high L-arabitol yield (95%) and high purity (80%) were obtained when the medium was supplemented with 50 g/l of xylitol mother liquor. Upon further purification of the fermentation broth by ion exchange and decolorization, L-arabitol was crystallized with a purity of 98.5%.     

牛磺酸对损伤的心肌肌膜ATPase活性影响的研究

本研究以异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏｐｒｏｔｅｒｎｏｌ,Ｉｓｏ．）诱导的大鼠心肌损伤为模型,观察牛磺酸（Ｔａｕｒｉｎｅ,Ｔａｕ）对损伤心肌肌膜上Ｎ＿ａ￣＋—Ｋ＿－￣＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｃ＿ａ￣（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｍ＿ｇ￣（２＋）ＡＴＰＡＳＥ活性的影响。按Ｄａｈａｌｌａ方法分离及鉴定心肌肌膜同时分别测定三种ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,结果：Ｉｓｏ组,与Ｔａｕ＋Ｉｓｏ组的三种ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显低于对照组与Ｔａｕ组,且同时Ｔａｕ＋Ｉｓｏ组明显高于Ｉｓｏ组但对照组与Ｔａｕ组之间差别无显著性。结果提示：牛磺酸能提高异丙肾上腺素诱导心肌损伤的心肌膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,可能通过其保护心肌肌膜的结构及功能而实现的。     

An NAD(P)H Model Reaction: Reduction of α-Keto Esters by the Hantzsch Ester Accelerated by Zinc Complex in the Reformatsky Mixture

Aiming to get useful steroidal alkaloids by tissue culture of Solanum laciniatum Ait., indefinitely growing callus tissue was prepared from the mother plant. Some nutritional requirements for the growth of the callus tissue were studied. By examining steroidal compounds in callus culture, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, lanosterol, squalene, diosgenin and a new steroidal alkaloid were found to be formed in the callus culture. The new steroidal alkaloid was found to be solasodine derivative containing rhamnose and other unidentified sugars.     

二氯苯磺酸沉淀毛发水解液中亮氨酸和精氨酸的新方法

本文介绍了一种以二氯苯磺酸为沉淀剂从毛发水解液中分步沉淀亮氨酸和精氨酸的方法。利用两种沉淀形成速度的不同,通过控制反应条件,实现了亮氨酸和精氨酸的分步沉淀,确定了沉淀条件对目标氨基酸沉淀效率的影响,得到合适的工艺条件:200g人发,水解得400mL水解液;加50g二氯苯磺酸沉淀剂,在5℃加晶种,间歇搅拌12h,过滤得亮氨酸复合物沉淀;在沉淀亮氨酸之后的母液中再加50g二氯苯磺酸沉淀剂,于相同的温度条件下加晶种,连续搅拌至生成稠厚的沉淀,再静置沉淀12h,过滤得精氨酸复合物沉淀。亮氨酸的沉淀率为71.0%,母液中残留亮氨酸浓度为7.6g/L;精氨酸的沉淀率为76.6%,母液中残留精氨酸浓度为8.9g/L。