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1.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain KYRT1 harboring the virulence helper plasmid pKYRT1 induces transgenic somatic embryos (SEs) at high frequency from infected immature soybean cotyledons. KYRT1 is derived from the highly oncogenic strain Chry5. However, pKYRT1 is not completely disarmed and still contains an entire T-right (TR) and a portion of T-left (TL). In this report, binary strains, each carrying fully disarmed vir helper plasmids including pKPSF2, which is a fully disarmed version of pKYRT1, were compared to strain KYRT1 for their ability to induce transgenic SEs on immature cotyledons of soybean. Six weeks following cocultivation, histochemical GUS assays of cultured explants indicated that all fully disarmed vir helper plasmids transferred their binary T-DNA, containing a GUS-intron gene, into soybean tissues. However, none of these transformed tissues developed SEs on medium with or without 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2,4-D). On the other hand, immature cotyledons cocultivated with strain KYRT1 exhibited high induction of transgenic SEs, but only on medium supplemented with 2,4-D. Derivatives of strain Chry5 harboring other vir helper plasmids did not induce transgenic SEs under any conditions tested, thus suggesting that the chromosomal background of KYRT1 alone was not sufficient to promote somatic embryogenesis. PCR analysis indicated that 55% of transgenic embryogenic cultures and 29% of transgenic T0 soybean plants derived by transformation using strain KYRT1 contained TR from pKYRT1 in addition to the uidA gene from the binary construct. None of the transgenic tissues or T0 plants contained TL DNA. These results suggest that some function coded for by TR of pKYRT1 influences somatic embryogenesis in conjunction with exposure of the plant tissues to 2,4-D. Since the co-transformation frequency of the undesirable T-DNA sequences from the vir helper plasmid was relatively low, the partially disarmed strain KYRT1 will likely be very useful for the production of normal transgenic plants of diverse soybean cultivars.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyactic acid
- GUS
-Glucuronidase
-
hpt
Hygromycin phosphotransferase gene
- SE
Somatic embryo
-
uidA
-Glucuronidase gene 相似文献
2.
Two clones of Populus nigra L. were tested in vivo and in vitro for their susceptibility to three different Agrobacterium tumefaciens wild-type strains evaluating number and size of resulting calluses. Strain C58 proved to be the most virulent.Various parameters affecting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of P. nigra clones were further analyzed using ß-glucuronidase gene transient expression. The clone Jean Pourtet proved to be more susceptible than the clone San Giorgio. A. tumefaciens strain A281 pKIWI105 proved to be the most virulent. The optimal procedure involved dipping of leaf discs into a bacterial suspension (7×108 cells/ml) for 20 min, followed by a 48 h co-cultivation period on semi-solid regeneration medium.Leaf explants were co-cultivated with two disarmed A. tumefaciens strains. Plantlets of San Giorgio were regenerated, tested for ß-glucuronidase activity and rooted on selective medium containing kanamycin. Polymerase chain reaction analysis and Southern blot hybridization confirmed the integration of the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene into the poplar genome.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzyl-aminopurine
- CaMV
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GUS and gus
ß-glucuronidase
- hpt
hygromycin phosphotransferase
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- KIN
kinetin
- LB
Luria Bertani
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
ßnaphthaleneacetic acid
- NOS
Nopaline synthase
- NPTII and nptII
neomycin phosphotransferase II
- PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
- PVC
poly-vinyl-cloride
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SSC
sodium cloride-sodium citrate
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane
- WPM
Woody Plant Medium 相似文献
3.
Callus and plant regenertion were induced from shoot portions of mature embryos (dry seeds) of five high tannin Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cultivars. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with altered concentrations of 5 salts, supplemented with 150 mg/L L-asparagine, 5mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.05mg/L kinetin. Calli which were yellow and globular were formed with 70–90% frequencies. The subculture medium which gave best results was MS with 2mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5mg/L kinetin. Plants were regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 150mg/L L-asparagine and 0.2mg/L kinetin with regeneration frequencies of 11–48%.Abbreviations 2,4-D
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
4.
Pellegrineschi Alessandro Brito Rosa Maria McLean Scott Hoisington David 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,77(3):245-250
Optimal callus induction and plant regeneration were obtained in bread and durum wheat by manipulating the NaCl concentration in the induction medium. Immature embryos from a high regeneration line of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 'MPB-Bobwhite 26', and an elite durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum L.), 'Mexicali', were cultured in E3 induction medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 2.5 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2% sucrose and 0.9% Bacto agar. The treated embryos were transferred to E3 liquid medium supplemented with various levels of 2,4-D and NaCl. Incubation on medium containing 2.5 mg l–1 2,4-D for 45 days produced callus and plant regeneration in 'MPB-Bobwhite 26', but lower callus yield and plant regeneration in 'Mexicali', indicating that 2,4-D alone was not sufficient for callus induction and plant regeneration in this durum variety. Callus yield and regeneration frequencies were higher in 'Mexicali' embryos that were incubated in media containing 2 mg l–1 2,4-D and 2 mg l–1 NaCl. The presence of NaCl in the medium beyond the initiation phase was detrimental to plant regeneration. The use of NaCl in the callus formation could form the basis for improved transformation of durum wheat varieties. 相似文献
5.
Conditions were optimized for the culture, antibiotic selection and stable transformation by electroporation of suspension culture protoplasts of sugarbeet,Beta vulgaris L.. Highest plating efficiencies (up to 65% at day 21) were obtained if protoplasts were cultured in PGO salts (de Greef and Jacobs, 1979) supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-D, 0.01 mg/l BAP and 9% mannitol, and in 0.6% agarose rather than in liquid medium. Sensitivity to kanamycin also depended on whether protoplasts were cultured in liquid or agarose medium. Stable transformation of protoplast-derived colonies, as determined by resistance to kanamycin and Southern blot analysis, was achieved by electroporation using both rectangular and exponentially-decaying pulses.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- npt-II
neomycin phosphotransferase
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate 相似文献
6.
A highly efficient and fast Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation system for the Arabidopsis thaliana L. genotype C24 was developed. This protocol is also amenable to other ecotypes - as could be shown for Landsberg erecta and Wassllewskija. Besides the hygromycin selection also the G418 and kanamycin selection were established. Furthermore the described procedure is appliable not only to leaf explants but also to expanded cotyledons which proved to be an excellent alternative as explant source for transformation experiments.Abbreviations BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- CIM
Callus induction medium
- 2.4D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
Gibberellic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
- 2-IP
N6-,-Dimethylallyladenosine
- HPT
Hygromycin phosphotransferase
- NAA
-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- NPT II
Neomycin phosphotransferase type II
- SEM
Shoot elongation medium
- SIM
Shoot induction medium
- RIM
Root induction medium 相似文献
7.
Summary In this paper we present further studies on the generation of tissue cultures from leaves of the cerealSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. It could be shown that during differentiation the leaf tissue rapidly loses the ability to respond to conventional tissue culture techniques. This was probably related to a loss of sensitivity towards 2,4-D, an otherwise most potent growth regulator in tissue culture. The immature tissue which proved to be sensitive proliferated over a wide range of concentration with a broad optimum of about 0.6–6 mg 1–1 2,4-D. This concentration range appears to be only slightly higher than that described for many dicotyledonous tissue cultures. The relevance of these findings is discussed with reference to the well known dual function of 2,4-D, namely as a selective herbicide and a potent artificial auxin. The implications of these attributes to the practical application of cereal tissue culture is stressed.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 4-CPA
4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
3-Indoleacetic acid
- Kinetin
6-Furfurylaminopurine
- 6-BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- GA3
Gibberellic acid
- ABA
Abscisic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献
8.
Benoit Jacq Oliver Lesobre Rajbir S. Sangwan Brigitte S. Sangwan-Norreel 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(11):621-624
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was investigated for T-DNA transfer efficiency, using an intron containing -glucuronidase gene. Preculture and coculture of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants with acetosyringone upon infection was studied. Seven seed lots which included several hundred genotypes, were screened, and were all susceptible to T-DNA transfer but with variable frequencies. Cotyledon explants were more readily transformed than those from hypocotyls. Transformation frequency of hypocotyl explants increased with acetosyringone. Both preculture treatment and acetosyringone improved transformation in cotyledon explants. Callus assayed with fluorometric procedures confirmed that the GUS gene had been transferred into sugarbeet.Abbreviations BAP
N6-benzylaminopurine
- TIBA
2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- AS
acetosyringone
- GUS gene
-glucuronidase gene
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NPTII
Neomycin PhosphoTransferase II
- MU
4-Methyl-Umbelliferone
- UV
UltraViolet light 相似文献
9.
Annemieke Vergauwe Ronny Cammaert Dirk Vandenberghe Christiane Genetello Dirk Inze Marc Van Montagu Elfride Van den Eeckhout 《Plant cell reports》1996,15(12):929-933
Summary A transformation system was developed for Artemisia annua L. plants. Leaf explants from in vitro grown plants developed callus and shoots on medium with 0.05 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L N6-benzyladenine after transformation with the C58C1 RifR (pGV2260) (pTJK136) Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. A concentration of 20 mg/L kanamycin was added in order to select transformed tissue. Kanamycin resistant shoots were rooted on naphthaleneacetic acid 0.1 mg/L. Polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing of the amplification products revealed that 75% of the regenerants contained the foreign genes. 94% of the transgenic plants showed a -glucuronidase-positive response.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
N6-benzyladenine
- GM
germination medium
- GMVIT
germination medium with vitamins
- GUS
-glucuronidase
- Kin
kinetin (N6-furfurylaminopurine)
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- NPT II
neomycin phosphotransferase II
- PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-DNA
transfer-DNA
- X-glucuronide
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl -D-glucuronide 相似文献
10.
An efficient system for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Solanum gilo was established. The marker genes for kanamycin resistance and ß-glucuronidase expression were introduced. A comparison between cotyledon and hypocotyl explants showed that while regeneration was better from hypocotyl explants, cotyledon explants gave better transformation efficiency (46% vs. 32%). Four levels of kanamycin selection (100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/l) were tested for effect on transformation efficiency with each type of explant. Lower levels of kanamycin worked better using cotyledon explants, while higher levels of kanamycin worked better for hypocotyl explants. All nine t0 plants tested for expression of the kan
r
gene were positive. The progeny of three of these plants showed a pattern of classical Mendelian inheritance (3 to 1) for both the kan
r
and the ß-glucuronidase genes.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NPTII
neomycin phosphotransferase
- GUS
ß-glucuronidase 相似文献
11.
Sheng-Wei Zhu Peng Gao Jing-San Sun Hai-Hua Wang Xiao-Min Luo Ming-Yu Jiao Zhi-Yong Wang Gui-Xian Xia 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(5):439-444
Summary This study reports an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of green-colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A tissue culture procedure was optimized to induce callus formation from hypocotyl explants and subsequent differentiation
into the embryogenic type. Callus formation could be induced by growing explants on Murashige and Skoog medium containing
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin. Among the four genotypes studied, embryogenic calli and plant regeneration were
observed only in var. G9803. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of G9803 with the fiber-specific expansin gene GhExpl was achieved based on the establishment of these tissue culture methods. A total of 32 individual regenerants resistant to
kanamycin were generated within 7 mo., with a transformation frequency of 17.8%. Transformation was confirmed by Southern
blot analysis and RT-PCR. These results represent the first step towards genetic manipulation of the colors and fiber quality
of green-colored cottons by biotechnology.
These authors contributed equally to this work 相似文献
12.
Summary Embryogenic masses were obtained from immature leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultured on a medium containing 20 mg/l 2,4-D. Somatic embryos developed from these masses following transfer to a medium containing 3 mg/l 2,4-D. The embryo morphology was quite variable. Following transfer to hormone-free medium, these embryos germinated. Shoot elongation was obtained in 25% of the embryos following transfer to a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of BAP and Kn. The plants grown in vitro by this method survived in sand:soil mixture and were grown to maturity.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- BAP
6-benzyl amino purine
- 2,4-D
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- Kn
kinetin
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Z
zeatin 相似文献
13.
Influence of Two Phenoxy Growth Regulators on the Uptake and Accumulation of Naptalam by Bean Plants
Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Black Valentine) treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (PCPA) absorb and accumulate considerably more N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (naptalam) than untreated plants. All concentrations of 2,4-D from 5 x 10-8 to 5 x 10-4M were effective, peak stimulation occurring at 3 x 10-5M. Plants treated with this concentration took up 186% more naptalam than control plants. It was shown that the leaf area (on a per g dry weight basis) was influenced most by growth regulator treatment. The leaf area of plants treated with 5 x 10-5M 2,4-D contained 575% more naptalam than the leaf area of untreated plants. The influence of PCPA on naptalam uptake by bean plants was similar to that of 2,4-D but less effective. 相似文献
14.
Summary Conditions have been established for the induction and maintenance of callus cultures of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) from bark, stem, and needle tissues. Cultures were established on a modified Gamborg's B5 medium, 1% sucrose, 0.2% casamino acids and 1 mg/L 2,4-D. There was no apparent inhibition of callus induction as a result of taxol concentration in the explant material. Cell lines derived from explants of individual trees were used to investigate growth characteristics. Although none of the cell lines contained taxol, some contained low levels of related taxanes. Variability was observed with each cell line in response to light, and auxin type and concentration. Growth index was most affected by cell line, followed by auxin type and concentration. These culturing methods may be useful for the goal of developing a highproducing cell line applicable for large-scale taxol production.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- CA
casamino acids
- B5CA
B5 with 0.2% casamino acids
- IBA
indolebutryric acid; Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricnloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid)
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine 相似文献
15.
The number of dividing microspores of Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuai and Catimor could be drastically increased in microspore media containing 16% (w/v) coconut milk, allowing cell divisions to continue in the microspore and multicellular microspores to survive until day 60. After a cold treatment, the microspores were mechanically isolated prior to cultivation in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with sucrose and maltose and (mg l-1) 2,4-d: 2, BAP: 1 or a combination of kinetin: .5, 2,4-d: .5 and NAA: .5 as stationary suspension at a density of 1,200/ml. The crucial stage during microsporogenesis suitable for in vitro androgenesis proved to be mid uninucleate till early binucleate in flowerbuds with the size of 13–15 mm two to three days before anthesis. The initial steps of androgenesis were determined.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
16.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation and regeneration of muskmelon plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Transgenic muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants were produced efficiently by inoculating cotyledon explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 bearing a Ti plasmid with the NPT II gene for kanaymcin resistance. After co-cultivation for three days, expiants were transferred to melon regeneration medium with kanamycin to select for transformed tissue. Shoot regeneration occurred within 3–5 weeks; excised shoots were rooted on medium containing kanamycin before transferring to soil. Morphologically normal plants were produced in three months. Southern blot analysis confirmed that ca. 85% of the regenerated plants contained the NPT gene. Dot blot analysis and leaf callus assay of progeny of transgenic plants verified transmission of the introduced gene(s) to the next generation. Factors affecting transformation efficiency are discussed.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole 3 acetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NPT II
neomycin phosphotransferase II 相似文献
17.
Monique Burrus Christel Chanabe Gilbert Alibert Dennis Bidney 《Plant cell reports》1991,10(4):161-166
Summary Sunflower hypocotyl protoplasts (Helianthus annuus L.) from 5 PIONEER genotypes (PT024, SMF3, EMIL, HA300*PT024, VK5F) and 1 public line (RHa 274) formed colonies at frequencies of up to 60% when plated in 0.25ml agarose beads in a modified L4 medium (Lenée and Chupeau 1986) containing 3mg/l NAA, 1mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l 2,4-D, and 1000mg/l casamino acids. Protoplast-derived colonies grew slowly into calli. Organogenesis was obtained from callus of PT024 on a MS medium containing NAA and BA at 1mg/l and GA at 0.1mg/l. Freshly excised shoots were induced to root by an IAA treatment. Regenerated plants were transferred to the greenhouse and seed was harvested within 7 months of the initial protoplast isolation.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
-naphtaleneacetic acid
- GA
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog mineral elements
- B5
Gamborg mineral elements 相似文献
18.
Shatha M. Al-Matar Jameel M. Al-Khayri Mohanjeet S. Brar Gerald L. Klingaman 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(3):245-248
Summary A system for micropropagation of Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. from rachis explants was developed. Explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts medium supplemented
with (per L) 100 mg myo-inositol, 2 mg pyridoxine-HCl, 2 mg nicotinic acid, 0.40 mg thiamine-HCl, 30 g sucrose, and 2 g Phytagel. The medium also
contained 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.1, 0.2, or 0.25 mg/L (0.5, 0.9, or 1.1 μM) combined with either N6-benzyladenine (BA) or 2-isopentenyl adenine (2ip) at 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/L (11.1, 22.2, or 44.4 μM BA or 12.3, 24.6, or 49.2 μM 2iP). Cultures were maintained at a 16-h photoperiod (40 μmol/m2/s) and 23±2° C. Callogenesis preceded shoot regeneration. Callus formation increased with higher 2,4-D concentrations. The
highest percent regeneration, 83% of explants, was obtained on 10 mg BA per L (44.4 μM) combined with 0.25 mg 2,4-D per L (1.1 μM). The maximum number of shoots, 15 per explant, was obtained from explants cultured on a medium containing 0.1 mg 2,4-D per
L (0.45 μM) combined with 2.5 mg BA per L (11.1 μM). Maximum shoot length, 0.4 cm, was obtained on 5 mg BA per L (22.2 μM) combined with 0.2 mg 2,4-D per L (0.9 μM). To produce whole plants, shoots were separated and rooted on hormone-free medium containing 1 g activated charcoal per
L. Rachises provided an excellent source of explants for Epimedium micropropagation and proved suitable for callus production. 相似文献
19.
Cho MJ Yano H Okamoto D Kim HK Jung HR Newcomb K Le VK Yoo HS Langham R Buchanan BB Lemaux PG 《Plant cell reports》2004,22(7):483-489
A highly efficient and reproducible transformation system for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309) was developed using microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues. These tissues were induced from mature seeds on NB-based medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and high concentrations of cupric sulfate under dim light conditions; germinating shoots and roots were completely removed. Highly regenerative, green tissues were proliferated on the same medium and used as transformation targets. From 431 explants bombarded with transgenes [i.e. a hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene plus one of a wheat thioredoxin h (wtrxh), a barley NADP-thioredoxin reductase (bntr), a maize Mutator transposable element (mudrB) or -glucuronidase (uidA; gus) gene], 28 independent transgenic events were obtained after an 8- to 12-week selection period, giving a 6.5% transformation frequency. Of the 28 independent events, 17 (61%) were regenerable. Co-transformation of the second introduced transgene was detected in 81% of the transgenic lines tested. Stable integration and expression of the foreign genes in T0 plants and T1 progeny were confirmed by DNA hybridization, western blot analyses and germination tests.Abbreviations
2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
-
BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
-
BNTR
Barley NADP-thioredoxin reductase
-
DTNB
2,5-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
-
HPT
Hygromycin phosphotransferase
-
IE
Immature embryos
-
MS
Murashige and Skoog
-
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
-
uidA
-Glucuronidase gene
-
WTRX h
Wheat thioredoxin h
Communicated by I.S. Chung 相似文献
20.
Thomas L. Reynolds 《Plant cell reports》1986,5(4):273-275
The direct differentiation of bicellular pollen grains of Solanum carolinense L. (Horse-nettle; Solanaceae) into embryoids and plantlets was induced by culturing whole anthers on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with IAA. The highest frequency of embryogenic induction occurred at 10 mg/l IAA. Developmentally, both the generative and vegetative cells of the pollen grain contributed to embryoid formation whose pattern of development was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In a previous study, it was show that 2,4-D promoted callus formation by pollen grains in cultured anthers of S. carolinense. It appears then that there are two distinct pathways of androgenesis in this species that are determined by the type of auxin present in the medium.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- BA
benzyladenine
- KIN
kinetin
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献