巨大芽胞杆菌luxAB标记菌株的根际定殖研究

通过三亲本杂交方法成功地用发光酶基因luxAB标记巨大芽胞杆菌ATCC1 4581 ,所获得的标记菌株ATCC1 45 81 L在不同的条件下能稳定发光。将该标记菌株制成微生物接种剂 ,并利用土壤微缩系统将其接种小麦进一步研究它在小麦根际的定殖动态和散布规律。结果发现 ,ATCC1 45 81 L在灭菌土壤中的定殖水平高于不灭菌土壤 ,在垂直方向上主要的定殖在 0～ 7cm根段间 ,且随深度增加而降低。ATCC1 45 81 L在小麦种后第 7d之前就已达到最高定殖水平 ,在初始接种量为 3     

LuxAB标记的N2106-L在小麦根圈的定植动态

目的研究小麦PGPR（植物根际促生菌）菌株的个体生态学及其在小麦根圈的定植动态。方法采用三亲本杂交法将发光酶基因luxAB转人具有固氮能力的小麦根际促生菌Azotobacter N2106菌株中,获得标记菌株N2106-L,将标记菌株接种到灭菌和非灭菌的黄褐土、红壤和黄潮土中研究其存活状况,采用根盒试验追踪标记菌株在小麦根圈的定植动态。结果标记菌株N2106-L具有发光活性和对km、str、tet三种抗生素的抗性,且具有较好的遗传稳定性。N2106-L在灭菌土壤中的数量稍高于非灭菌土壤;在3种土壤中的数量依次为：黄褐土〉黄潮土〉红壤。N2106-L在小麦根表定植密度大于根际定植密度;在小麦根际,小麦播种10d时标记菌株在0-2cm深度根际土壤定植达到最大值（2．17±0．25）×10^6CFU／g土,20d时在2-4cm深度的根际土壤中达到最高定植水平（3．92±0．47）×10^5CFU／g土;在小麦根表,标记菌株在小麦播种10d时在所有深度的根段均达到最高定植水平,0-2cm根段定植密度为（3．60±0．60）×10^6CFU／g鲜根,12cm以下根段达到（2．78±0．56）×10^4CFU／g鲜根。结论标记菌株随着根的伸长不断向根尖方向扩散,且较为稳定地在小麦根圈定植,研究结果为小麦PGPR菌株的应用提供了可靠实验数据。     

利用发光酶基因标记技术跟踪棉花根圈中的绿针假单胞菌PL9L

采用细菌转化和杂交的方法,成功地将全套发光酶基因标记系统Tn7luxCDABE引入绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)PL9,得到稳定的发光标记菌PL9L。采用发光菌落平板计数法和X射线胶片自显影法,通过盆栽试验和盒裁试验,研究了发光标记菌PL9L在棉花根圈的定殖动态和分布规律。盆栽试验结果表明,在灭菌土盆栽中,播种后6d左右PL9L在棉花根圈的定殖水平达最高(31×109cfu/g根土),播种后56d左右趋向稳定,PL9L数量为17×102cfu/g根土;未灭菌土盆载中,播种后8d左右PL9L的定殖水平达最高(11×109cfu/g根土),46d左右趋向稳定,菌数为14×102cfu/g根土。盒栽试验结果表明,PL9L可从种子向根尖方向扩散,但并不与根的伸长生长同步,播种后36d,灭菌土盒栽中PL9L可扩散至种子下方120cm以内,而未灭菌土盒栽中PL9L扩散至110cm以内。在棉花根尖区域均未检测到PL9L。     

发光酶基因标记的荧光假单胞菌Xl6L2在小麦根圈的定殖动态

在土壤微宇宙系统内及田间土壤中,采用发光酶基因标记检测技术研究了荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens,简称Pf)Xl6L2在小麦根圈的定殖动态。研究结果表明:在不灭菌灰潮土微宇宙中,Pf·Xl6L2在小麦播种后36d定殖密度可达最高水平(32×104cfu.g-1根),然后开始下降,最后保持在一个相对稳定的较低水平(约32×102cfu.g-1根))。在田间条件下,Pf·Xl6L2通过种子表面接种在小麦根圈的定殖动态与微宇宙中的相似,可散布至种子下方10cm以内,水平移动距离在植物播种后125d不超过40cm。     

LuxAB标记荧光假单胞菌的菜心根际定殖研究

目的:利用三亲本杂交方法将luxAB发光酶基因标记至荧光假单胞菌PF20001上,所获得的标记菌株PF20001-Lux能稳定发光。将该标记菌株制成微生物制剂,接种菜心进一步研究它在菜心根际的定殖动态和散布规律。方法:利用三亲本杂交方法将luxAB发光酶基因标记至荧光假单胞菌PF20001上,将该菌施与菜心生长土壤中,通过接合子发光检测及发光菌落的平板计数来分析荧光假单胞菌在菜心根际的定殖分布情况。结果:PF20001-Lux在根系周围的土壤中的有一定的定殖率,在根内主要定殖在3～4cm根内。PF20001-Lux在菜心种植后7d前就达到最高定殖水平达3.8×105CFU/g,随后逐渐下降。结论:PF20001-lux在菜心根际具备良好的适应能力。     

luxAB基因标记的K2116L菌株在棉花根际中的定殖

采用三亲本杂交法将发光酶luxAB基因转移进棉花根际促生菌芽胞杆菌K2116菌株中,获得标记菌株K2116L.标记菌株连续传代15次均未发生质粒丢失现象,表明标记菌株具有较好的遗传稳定性;K2116L菌株的生长及其释钾能力未受到标记质粒的影响.K2116L菌株在灭菌和非灭菌的黄褐土、黄潮土和红壤3种土壤中均能长期存活;在灭菌土壤中的数量稍高于非灭菌土壤;在3种土壤中的数量依次为:黄褐土＞黄潮土＞红壤;在不同土壤中,K2116L菌株具有与土著菌株进行空间和营养竞争的能力.采用根盒试验追踪标记菌株在棉花根部的定殖动态,棉花播种12d时标记菌株在0～2、2～4 cm深度根际土壤定殖密度达到最大;18 d时在4 cm以下的深度达到最高水平.棉花播种18 d时标记菌株在所有深度的根表均达到最高定殖水平,0～2 cm根段定殖密度为1.76×106cfu·g-1,8cm以下根段达到1.6×105cfu·g-1.补充营养后,根际和根表标记的菌株数量均有明显上升.试验数据显示,随着根的生长标记菌株不断向根尖方向扩散.     

硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株在小麦根际定殖的初步研究

对硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株进行了耐药性标记,得到稳定的链霉素抗性标记菌NBT菌株,采用选择性培养基分离计数,通过琼脂平板和盆栽试验,研究了标记菌NBT在小麦根际的定殖动态及影响因素。结果表明,在灭菌土盆栽中,播种后9d左右NBT菌株在小麦根际的定殖水平达最高(1．4×10^8cfu·g^-1根土),播种后54d左右趋向稳定,NBT菌株细胞数量为2．4×10^3cfu·g^-1根土;未灭菌土盆栽中,播种后9d左右NBT菌株的定殖水平达最高(3．8×10^8cfu·g^-1根土),60d左右趋向稳定,菌数为3．1×10^3cfu·g^-1根土,牛物和非牛物因素对NBT菌株定殖小麦根系有影响。     

两株PGPR菌株的花生定殖及对根际细菌群落结构的影响北大核心CSCD

为探讨2株根际促生菌耐酪氨酸束村氏菌P9和吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌P10对花生的促生机制。利用GFP及利福平对2个菌株进行标记、结合扫描电镜观察,追踪了2株PGPR菌株在花生组织中的定殖动态;并通过16S rRNA全长测序对菌株接种花生根际土壤的细菌多样性进行分析。结果表明,利福平标记的P9和P10菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性,其生长和促生特性与原始菌株基本一致。GFP标记菌株可在花生的根尖及其分生区定殖;利福平标记菌株可稳定定殖在土壤及花生的根、茎部,且接菌30 d后定殖数仍保持在10CFU/g数量级。与未接菌植株根际土壤相比,P9、P10及混合菌株接种组的细菌群落相似性更高;接菌组的Flavihumibacter、unidentified_Rhizobiaceae的相对丰度显著增加,芽孢杆菌属、链霉菌属等的丰度较CK有不同程度增加,溶杆菌属、无色杆菌属及假黄单胞菌属等的丰度降低。2株PGPR菌株均可通过直接定殖在植株组织中、间接影响土壤细菌群落结构而发挥对花生的促生作用,混合菌株接种效果更优。研究结果明析了2株促生菌的促生机制,并为菌株的应用提供了科学依据。     

消除共生质粒的费氏中华根瘤菌HND29SR在大豆根圈的定殖动态

比较研究了费氏中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium fredii)HN01(出发菌）、发光酶基因标记菌HNO1L（参照菌）、消除HN01共生质粒的菌株HND29SR在无菌砂培条件下的大豆根圈定殖动态。供试菌单独接种时：HN01、HN01L和HND29SR的定殖动态基本一致,其早期定殖密度下降较快,播种后第16天时HN01和HN01L分别达到较高的定殖水平6.49logcfu/g鲜根和6.78logcfu/g鲜根,然后维持相对稳定的定殖水平。但HND29SR的定殖密度持续下降到播种后第16天时才开始上升,至第35天时仍维持相对稳定的定殖密度6.94logcfu/g鲜根。等量混合接种时供试菌在根圈定殖群体中各自定殖密度在测定过程中基本相等。结果表明消除HN01的共生质粒对其在大豆根圈中定殖能力无显著影响。     

土壤因子对发光酶基因标记的荧光假单胞菌X16L2在小麦根圈定殖的影响

采用发光酶基因(luxAB)标记检测技术研究了根 盒土壤微宇宙(microcosm)中土壤灭菌、土壤含水量和土壤类型对荧光假单胞菌(Pseudonmonas fluorescens,简称Pf)Xl6L2在小麦根圈定殖的影响。研究结果表明,灭菌土壤中Pf·Xl6L2在小麦根圈的定殖水平较不灭菌土壤中的高。土壤类型对Pf·Xl6L2的定殖水平有较大影响,在黄棕壤中的定殖水平显著高于灰潮土中的。土壤含水量对定殖情况的影响与土壤类型有关 ,当土壤含水量为50%田间持水量(Field contents,简称FC)时,在黄棕壤中,Pf·Xl6L2主要定殖在种子下方4cm以内的根段上,但仍可散布至8cm处,而在灰潮土中,Pf·Xl6L2只能散布至种子下方4cm以内;在黄棕壤中,土壤含水量为60%FC和75%FC时,Pf·Xl6L2的定殖水平显著高于在50%FC条件下的,不但能散布至种子下方8cm处,而且定殖水平可达3.0×10.2cfu·g-1根,在灰潮土中,不同土壤含水量之间Pf·Xl6L2的定殖水平差异不大,但Pf·Xl6L2的散布范围不一,在60%FC和75%FC条件下,Pf·Xl6L2可散布至种子下方8cm处,而在50%FC下则不能。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.