天津市气传致敏花粉探讨

本文报道1985年4月1日起至1986年3月31日止天津市和平区观察空气甲孢粉飘散的结果。该市全年均有花粉飘散,其中11月起至翌年2月止花粉数量很少,其它月份数量较多。一年中共出现二次高峰,即春季4月和秋季8—9月。春季花粉为木本植物的,如,白蜡树(Fraxinus L.)榆属(Ulmus L.)和杨属(Populus L.)。秋季花粉以草本植物为主,如,藜科(chenopodlaceae)、蒿属(Artemisia L.)、葎草属(Humulus L.)和禾本科(Gramineae)。经结合临床观察,花粉症患者发病日期与植物的开花期基本上是一致的。     

广西南宁空气中孢粉及其致敏性研究

本文通过空气中的孢粉调查,选用32种花粉对呼吸道过敏患者进行皮肤敏感试验,既阐明了南宁市空气中孢粉散布的基本规律,讨论空气中花粉含量与气候的关系,也明确了该市主要致敏花粉是蒿属、禾本科、藜科及桑科植物的花粉,为呼吸道过敏性疾病的预防、诊断及治疗提供了重要依据。     

Study of seasonal and daily variations in airborneOlea europaea L. pollen in Jaén (Spain), 1993–1995

A study is made of the seasonal and daily variations in the concentrations of pollen ofOlea europaea L. over three consecutive years (1993–1995) in the atmosphere of Jaén (southern Spain). A Burkard volumetric spore trap was used for sampling. The results show that the highest concentrations of airborne olive pollen occur during May and the first 2 weeks of June, when levels often exceed 500 grains/m³ and occasionally reach nearly 5000 grains/m³ (the levels of allergenic pollen in the atmosphere of Jaén are among the highest in Europe). Over the 3-year study period a significant seasonal variation was detected, not only in the development of the principal pollination period, but also in the value of the maximum pollen concentrations recorded.     

Comparison of airborne herb pollen types in Córdoba (Southwestern Spain) and Poznan (Western Poland)

This study sought to compare airborne pollen counts for a number of common herbaceous species (Plantago, Chenopodiaceae–Amaranthaceae, Rumex, and Urticaceae) in two cities with differing weather conditions, Córdoba (Southwestern Spain) and Poznan (Western Poland). Pollen seasons for these species were studied from 1995 to 2005. Aerobiological sampling was performed using a Hirst type 7-day spore trap, in accordance with the procedure developed by the European Aerobiology Network. A Spearman correlation test was used to test for correlations between meteorological parameters and daily airborne pollen counts. The Spearman correlation test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were also used to compare mean daily pollen counts for the two study sites. In Córdoba, the pollen season generally started around two months earlier than in Poznan, and also lasted longer. These findings were attributed to the presence of a larger number of species in Córdoba, with overlapping pollen seasons, and also to more favorable weather conditions. Trends in pollen season start dates were fairly stable over the study period, with a slight tendency to delayed onset in Córdoba and a modest advance in start date in Poznan. The pollen season end date also remained reasonably stable over the study, with only a slight tendency for the season to end earlier in Córdoba and later in Poznan. A clear trend towards declining annual pollen counts was recorded over the study period for all pollen types in both cities.     

Analysis of airborne pollen in the town of Almería (South-East Spain), 1995–1996

The first results are presented of an aerobiological analysis of the atmosphere of the town of Almería, carried out between November 1995 and October 1996. A Lanzoni volumetric spore trap was used for sample collection. The composition and seasonal evolution of the pollen spectrum were determined over a 1-year period in relation to the vegetation and climatic conditions of the study area. Twenty-six pollen types were identified as accounting for >0.05% of the total pollen collected. The main sources of airborne pollen were Palmae (17.76%),Olea (16.10%), Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (13.99%), Urticaceae (10.18%) and Poaceae (8.64%). The annual pollen variation presented a period of maximum emission from March to June, with a subsequent, less intensive period from August to November. The minimum pollen values were obtained from December to February. The highest concentrations occurred in May, which was also the month which presented the highest pollen diversity, whereas the lowest values were observed in January.     

Pollen calendar for Vigo, North-West Spain (1995)

This is the first data from a pollen survey in Vigo, an Atlantic city in northwest Spain. The pollen calendar for Vigo is presented, as well as the pollination period for the nine most important allergenic plants. Through 1995, 30 083 pollen grains belonging to 52 taxa, were recorded using the Lanzoni VPPS 2000 volumetric spore-trap. The most relevant taxa found were: Urticaceae,Pinus, Poaceae andQuercus (75% of the total pollen),Betula, Castanea, Cupressaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ericaceae, Myrtaceae,Olea, Plantago, Platanus andRumex (21%), and the final 4% was distributed mainly among pollen types, such as:Corylus, Alnus, Fabaceae, Compositae,Artemisia andCedrus. Of the total annual pollen count, 56% was found in March and April. Another, secondary peak was recorded in June corresponding to the flowering period of herbaceous species. The high pollen total of Urticaceae (7625 grains, 25% of the total) should be highlighted. The percentages ofOlea europaea (565 grains) should be noted as well, taking into account its geographical distribution.     

沈阳地区气传致敏花粉探讨

本文报道在沈阳地区1965—1985年间于空气中间断收集大气花粉5年,共收花粉玻片1100张,花粉45780粒,属于24科37属或种。其中9种(或属)超过千粒,为优势种类花粉。每年沈阳市大气中花粉出现两个高峰,一个为春季(四、五月),另一个为夏秋季(七八月)。通过长期观察发现,花粉种类和数量每年虽有不同,伹差异不大,唯有豚草花粉消长明显。大气中花粉种类及数量的变化往往受到气温、国家有关绿化政策以及社会风气的影响。花粉与过敏症关系十分密切,我们采用17种花粉制成浸液为病人皮试和治疗。皮试结果阳性率最高的为蒿属花粉,其次为其它夏秋花粉,春季花粉阳性率不高,致敏性不强。用花粉浸液对过敏症者进行免疫治疗,收到一定的疗效。     

Indoor aeromycota in relation to residential characteristics and allergic symptoms

The indoor aeromycota in several rooms of each of 15 residences in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario, Canada was studied from December 1991 to September 1993. There were significant differences in airborne spore concentrations among the types of rooms investigated. Numbers of airborne propagules were highest in the living rooms, followed by family rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and bedrooms. The highest fungal diversity was found in kitchens. Generally, presence of dampness and of carpets led to increased numbers of airborne spores. Forced air heating systems, humidifiers, air filters and air conditioners reduced concentrations of airborne fungi. Patients with respiratory allergies and known sensitivity to moulds reported allergic symptoms significantly less severe than average in residences with air conditioners, air filters, humidifiers and forced air heating systems. In damp residences, their symptoms were significantly more severe than the average.Abbreviations CFU colony forming unit - RH relative humidity     

武汉市武昌地区气传致敏花粉调查研究

应用曝片法连续365d收集武昌地区3个调查点的气传花粉,全年共检出花粉48643粒,分属28个科、属。一年中出现2次花粉高峰,即3～4月份,8～9月份。其中优势花粉为悬铃木属（Platanus）、柏科（Cupressaceae）、松属（Pinus）、蒿属（Artemisia）等;最主要的致敏花粉为蒿属、豚草属（Ambrosia）。对影响本地区空气中花粉飘散的因素,几种优势花粉的致敏特点及其临床意义作了初步探讨。     

武汉市武昌地区气传致敏花粉调查研究

应用曝片法连续３６５ｄ收集武昌地区３个调查点的气传花粉,全年共检同花粉４８６４３粒,分属２８个科,属。一年中出现２次花粉高峰,即３～４月份,８～９月份,其中优势花粉为悬铃木属（Ｐｌａｔａｎｕｓ）柏科（Ｃｕｐｒｅｓｓａｃｅａｅ）,松属（Ｐｉｎｕｓ）蒿属（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ）等;最主要的致敏花粉为蒿属,豚草属（Ａｍｂｒｏｓｉａ）对影响本地区空气中花粉飘散的因素,几种优势花粉的致敏特点及其临床意义作了初     

滦河流域及周边地区花粉与植被关系的研究

滦河流域及周边地区空气中的花粉组合基本上反映了当地的植被面貌, 与植物的花期相对应, 乔木植物的花期多在春季, 草本植物的花期多在夏秋季, 该地冬季基本上无植物开花, 冬季空气中的花粉应是当年或多年春、夏、秋季散落在地上又被风吹到空气中的表土花粉和一些外来花粉 ;表土花粉随海拔高程的降低依次出现山地草甸、针阔混交林或以针叶树为主的针阔混交林、山地灌草丛、滨海平原草甸和滨海草甸或滨海盐生草甸的等 5个花粉组合带, 分别为蒿 (Artemisia)唐松草 (Thalictrum)松(Pinus)桦 (Betula) 孢粉组合带、松桦栎 (Quercus) 蒿孢粉组合带、藜科 (Chenopodiaceae)蒿禾本科 (Gramineae)中华卷柏 (Selaginellasinensis) 孢粉组合带、藜科蒿菊科 (Com positae)香蒲 (Typha) 孢粉组合带和藜科蒿莎草科 (Cyperaceae)禾本科孢粉组合带 ;由于花粉在河水中是以悬移质颗粒被搬运, 因此在不同时期沉积物花粉组合存在着一定的差异, 其中洪水期间河水对孢粉的分选作用最为明显。     

Hay fever symptoms compared to atmospheric pollen counts and floral phenology within Paris suburban area in 1987 and 1988

Summary Owing to the great pollen sensitivity of some allergic patients and without effective pollen forecasting, it is often difficult to set a preventive therapy of pollinosis. In 1987 and 1988 we compared the symptoms of 45 patients sensitive to grass pollen, daily pollen counts data recorded by a gravimetric and a volumetric sampler as well as meteorological data and observations of floral phenology. Symptoms appeared to be strictly correlated with peak periods of pollen dispersion, but we observed allergic symptoms in our patients long before atmospheric pollen was detected by the pollen traps. On the other hand, these early occurring symptoms seemed to be connected with the first Gramineae flowering.     

An annual study of airborne pollen in northern Mexico City

An investigation of airborne pollen in northern Mexico City was carried out for one year. A total of 24 taxa were identified and classified according to the growing form in pollen of trees, weeds and grasses. Pollen grains were recorded all year round with a peak in December. The trees group showed the highest quantity of pollen as well as taxa diversity, although its peak period was in the dry season. The weeds and grasses emitted a larger quantity of pollen in the rainy season. The dominant taxa wereAlnus, Casuarina, Compositae and Gramineae. As for their relation with meteorological parameters, we found that the increase of pollen concentration was related to high temperatures, low relative humidity and high wind speed, the latter causing an increase of airborne pollen with no dilution at all. The hours with the highest pollen concentration where from 16:00 to 18:00.     

武汉地区空气中花粉调查研究

空气中花粉粒的调查研究属气传孢粉应用学科,它正愈来愈受到临床医学界的重视。掌握本地区空气中花粉播散规律,对预防、诊断、治疗呼吸道过敏性疾病具有十分重要而现实的意义。本文着重报道了从1985年4月1日至1986年3月31日在武汉地区空气中孢粉散布的基本规律,并讨论分析了空气中花粉含量与气候的关系。根据花粉在空气中出现时期的长短及数量的多少,笔者把武汉地区空气中常遇到的一些植物花粉分为3种类型,这对考虑湖北武汉地区哪些植物花粉可能导致过敏性疾病是有意义的。     

An annual study of airborne pollen in northern Mexico City

An investigation of airborne pollen in northern Mexico City was carried out for one year. A total of 24 taxa were identified and classified according to the growing form in pollen of trees, weeds and grasses. Pollen grains were recorded all year round with a peak in December. The trees group showed the highest quantity of pollen as well as taxa diversity, although its peak period was in the dry season. The weeds and grasses emitted a larger quantity of pollen in the rainy season. The dominant taxa wereAlnus, Casuarina, Compositae and Gramineae. As for their relation with meteorological parameters, we found that the increase of pollen concentration was related to high temperatures, low relative humidity and high wind speed, the latter causing an increase of airborne pollen with no dilution at all. The hours with the highest pollen concentration where from 16:00 to 18:00.     

Seed hairs of poplar trees as natural airborne pollen trap for allergenic pollen grains

The present article deals with the efficacy of seed hairs of poplar trees (Populus spp.) as a potent natural airborne pollen trap. Different species of Populus are commonly found planted along the streets in the cities of North China. The seed hairs and pericarp of poplar trees were collected from the trees and on the ground in Beijing Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences and around Miyun Reservoir during May 2005 for pollen analysis. Different pollen spectra are recorded from different samples and are characterised by dominant occurrence of pollen grains of arboreal and anemophilous plants. In addition, pollen grains of non‐arboreal plants including grasses are also found trapped. Among the 46 trapped pollen grains, 26 are known to be allergenic. This study suggests that poplar seed hairs possibly make people feel uncomfortable due to the presence of allergenic pollen trapped in the hairs.     

Airborne pollen and spores of León (Spain)

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne pollen and spores was carried out over 2 years (from September 1987 to August 1989) in the city of León. Slides were prepared daily using a volumetric pollen trap, which was placed on the Faculty of Veterinary Science building (University of León) 12m above ground-level. Fifty-one pollen types were observed; the most important of these were: Cupressaceae during the winter,Pinus andQuercus in spring, and Poaceae, Leguminosae and Chenopodiaceae in the summer. The results also showed the existence of a rich mould spore assemblage in the atmosphere. The group of Amerospores (Penicillium, Aspergillus andCladosporium) as well as Dictyospores (Alternaria) were the most abundant;Puccinia was common in the air in August. Fluctuations in the total pollen and spores m³ of air were compared with meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall). From the daily sampling of the atmosphere of León, considering the maximum and minimum temperature and duration of rainfall, the start of the pollen grain season was observed generally to coincide with a rise in temperature in the absence of rain.     

Airborne pollen grains in Yalova,Turkey, 2004

In this study, airborne pollen grains of Yalova province were investigated using VPSS 2000 from January to December 2004. During studying period, a total of 22409 pollen grains/m³ which belonged to 46 taxa and 74 unidentified pollen grains were recorded. From the identified taxa, 26 belong to arboreal and 20 to non-arboreal plants. Total pollen grains consist of 80.50% arboreal, 19.17% non-arboreal plants and 0.33% unidentified pollen grains. In the investigated region, from arboreal plant taxa Platanus spp. (29.08%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (21.22%), Pinus spp. (7.34%), Alnus spp. (4.75%), Castanea spp. (3.03%), Quercus spp. (3.07%), Olea spp. (2.50%), Acer spp. (2.21%), Corylus spp. (1.41%) and Fagus spp. (1.15%), and from non-arboreal plant taxa Poaceae (10.01%), Asteraceae (2.86%), Plantago spp. (1.47%) and Artemisia spp. (1.11%) were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen.     

Comparative aerobiology,allergenicity and biochemistry of three palm pollen grains in Calcutta,India

A Burkard volumetric trap was used at Salt Lake City, Calcutta, to record the occurrence and frequency of three common palm pollen, namely,Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer andPhoenix sylvestris for two consecutive years (July 1988–June 1990). The meteorological factors responsible for the frequency of relevant airborne pollen grains were analysed. The allergenic potential of these pollen types was investigated by skin-prick tests on adult respiratory allergic patients. These were also chemically analysed in terms of total carbohydrate, lipid and soluble protein. Total soluble protein of the above types was used in 11% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the range of molecular components.