On the Lichen generaPlacocarpus andPlacidiopsis (Verrucariaceae)

Verrucaria schaereri (Fr.)Nyl. is accorded generic status asPlacocarpus Trev. emend.O. Breuss. The main differences between the two genera concern the thallus anatomy and the spores which are halonate inPlacocarpus. The following new combinations are proposed:Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.)O. Breuss andPlacidiopsis cinerascens (Nyl.)O. Breuss.     

Cephalodiate Arten der GattungLecidea sensu lato (Ascomycetes lichenisati)

(1) The ability to produce cephalodia is usually a genus-specific character in lichens. (2)Lecidea shushanii Thoms., is a member of the genusTephromela, closely related toT. aglaea. It is not clear, whether or not the cephalodia of this taxon are true cephalodia or colonies of epiphytic cyanobacteria and whether or notLecidea shushanii is an independent species. (3)Lecidea dovrensis Nyl., is, in contrast to the traditional concept, not conspecific withLecidea alpestris Sommerf., but an earlier name forLecidea pallida Th. Fr. (4)Lecidea dovrensis is described in some detail. Chemically the species is characterized by the presence of isousnic acid (previously unknown in lecideoid lichens). It is restricted to areas north of the 60th parallel with an oceanic climate. (5) In connection with the attempt to clarify the taxonomic relationships ofLecidea dovrensis, figures of ascus apical structures of the following species are given (marked by an asterisk are genera where we found discrepancies with published data):Austrolecia antarctica, Catillaria chalybeia, Lecidea alpestris, L. caesioatra, L. limosa, Lecidoma demissum, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Micarea assimilata, M. crassipes, M. melaenida, M. prasina, Pilophorus robustus, Placodiella olivacea, Placolecis opaca, Porpidia trullisata, Protoblastenia rupestris, Psilolechia lucida, Psorula rufonigra, Squamarina gypsacea, Xanthopsorella texana. (6) Among crustaceous lichens we find no groups related toLecidea dovrensis. We supportTimal's concept of including this species in the genusPilophorus. Pilophorus, as well asLecidea dovrensis is characterized by the same ascus type, by a similar structure of thallus, cephalodia, paraphyses, and ascocarp (although there is no pseudopodetium developed inLecidea dovrensis), and the presence of isousnic acid. In addition, both taxa are restricted to cool oceanic climates and non-calciferous substrates. The following combination is proposed:Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.)Timdal, Hertel & Rambold, comb. nova. (7) The species of theLecidea alpestris-group form an independent genus, probably near toAustrolecia Hertel.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Trebouxia aggregata undGloeocapsa sanguinea,Phycobionten inEuopsis granatina (Lichinaceae)

The green algaTrebouxia aggregata (Archibald)Gärtner (Chlorellales) and the procaryotic blue-green alga (cyanobacterium)Gloeocapsa sanguinea (C. Agardh)Kütz. emend.Jaag (Chroococcales) are reported to be the phycobionts inEuopsis granatina (Sommerf.)Nyl. (Lichinaceae). The ultrastructure of the two organisms, studied in the lichen thallus, is described.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Zwei neue Arten der GattungSaponaria (Caryophyllaceae) aus Afghanistan und Pakistan

Saponaria stenopetala sp.n. in Eastern Afghanistan is close toS. pachyphylla Rech. f. andS. subrosularis Rech. f.—The nearest allies ofS. makranica sp.n. from Western Pakistan and Southeastern Iran areS. kermanensis Bornm. andS. floribunda (Kar. & Kir.)Boiss.

Flora Iranicae praecursores 36–37. — Praecursores praecurrentes in Pl. Syst. Evol.139, 313–317 (1982).     

Über die Phycobionten der SektionCystophora vonChaenotheca,insbesondereDictyochloropsis splendida undTrebouxia simplex,spec. nova

Chaenotheca brunneola is lichenized withDictyochloropsis splendida. Until now this member of theChlorococcales has been observed only twice and free-living. It reproduces by motionless daughter cells in the lichen thallus, but mainly by zoospores in the free-living state and under favourable conditions. Zoospore development has not been observed before and apparently depends on storage of starch which is repressed in the lichenized state. During zoospore activity this storage material is consumed. Zoospores possess two flagella which are inserted rather far apart from each other, one pulsating vacuole and a cup-shaped, not latticed chloroplast.Chaenotheca phaeocephala var.alpina, Ch. melanophaea andCh. chrysocephala are lichenized withTrebouxia. The phycobiont ofCh. chrysocephala, Trebouxia simplex, sp. n., differs from other sibs of the genus by the relative small size of the cells, the less marked differentiation of the chloroplast and certain details of cell division.

     

Eine neueThomsonia-Art (Araceae) aus Thailand

A new species,Thomsonia sumawongii Bogner, is described from Thailand. Relationships toTh. napalensis and betweenThomsonia, Pseudodracontium andAmorphophallus are discussed.Allopythion hookeri Schott has to be eliminated as dubious.

     

Weitere Untersuchungen über Proteinkörper in Zellkernen und ihre taxonomische Bedeutung

In 83 species of the familiesMonotropaceae, Apocynaceae, Oleaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, andLiliaceae, protein bodies in the cell nuclei have been found, in 68 of these species for the first time. On the basis of their structure in accordance with morphological characters the generaBurgsdorfia, Hesiodia, Olisia, andPhlomoides of theLamiaceae are accepted;Lamium is divided intoLamium, Lamiastrum andOrvala; two new combinations are established:Kickxia campyloceras (Rech. fil. &Esfandiari)Speta andEtornotus papilionaceus (Burm. in L.)Speta. Deviating shape or lack of protein bodies corroborate former taxonomic decisions, e.g. the transfer ofMonotropa toMonotropaceae or the separation ofGaleopsis andLadanum; Veronica schmidtiana should not be included inPseudolysimachion. Systematic affinities are discussed primarily withinScrophulariaceae because nuclear protein bodies have been studied already in many species of this family. ForCampanula patula two 2 x populations are reported.

Herrn Professor Dr. L.Geitler zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Chaenothecopsis consociata — kein parasitischer oder parasymbiontischer Pilz,sondern lichenisiert mitDictyochloropsis symbiontica,spec. nova

Chaenothecopsis consociata regularly is lichenized withDictyochloropsis symbiontica, nova spec., a member of theChlorococcales. During early developmentChaenothecopsis consociata possibly parasitizes onChaenotheca chrysocephala.—Dictyochloropsis symbiontica is characterized by its hollow spherical chloroplast which consists of a complex threedimensional network, the absence of a pyrenoid, and the possession of one central nucleus. It reproduces by autospores as well as by zoo- and aplanospores.

     

Biometrische Untersuchungen an Populationen vonOphrys cornuta,O. holosericea und ihren Hybriden (Orchidaceae)

Population variability ofOphrys holosericea (Burm. f.)Greut. subsp.holosericea (=O. fuciflora Crantz subsp.fuciflora) from near Vienna (Austria), and of subsp.maxima (Fleischm.)Greut. andO. cornuta Steven with intermediates from the Dalmatian island Hvar (Yugoslavia) was analysed and illustrated by scatter diagrams. A hybrid origin of these intermediates is suggested. Aspects of hybridization betweenO. holosericea agg. andO. scolopax agg. are discussed.

     

Zwei neue Hybriden in der GattungEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae)

The following new hybrids are described:Euphrasia ×dilata = E. hirtella Jordan exReuter ×alpina Lam.;Euphrasia ×trikoviana = E. tricuspidata L. ×rostkoviana Hayne. The chromosome number ofEuphrasia tricuspidata L. has been established for the first time: 2n = 22.

     

Contribution à l'Etude Cytotaxinomique desSideritis sectionEmpedoclea (Labiatae)

The author has proceeded with a cytotaxonomical study of the genusSideritis L. Chromosome numbers (mostly new) are reported for about twenty taxa from sectionEmpedoclea (Rafin.)Benth. This section occupies a very isolated position within the genus and has evolved quite independently.

     

Heteromerikarpie und Fruchtpolymorphismus beiMicroparacaryum,gen. nov., (Boraginaceae)

Microparacaryum (M. Pop. exH. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech is described as a new genus of theBoraginaceae-Cynoglosseae. It comprises the annual species hitherto included inParacaryum (DC.)Boiss. andMattiastrum (Boiss.)Brand. Distribution maps are given for all 3 genera.Microparacaryum consists of two species,M. salsum (Boiss.)Hilger & Podlech (M. s.) andM. intermedium (Fresen.)Hilger & Podlech (M. i.). ParticularlyM. i. is a very variable species, and most of the species formerly recognized belong here. Scattered all over the range of the genus, plants occur with nutlets exhibiting flat or incurved marginal wings, often in mixed populations. This fruit polymorphism is taxonomically treated by recognizing formae. In addition, the following new infraspecific taxa and combinations are described:M. i. var.intermedium formaparacaryoides Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum (H. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech,M. s. formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech.

     

Eine neuePlacidiopsis-Art (Lichenes,Verrucariaceae) aus Norwegen und den Alpen

Placidiopsis pseudocinerea is described as a new species, which up to now is known from six localities in the Alps and northern Norway. The species is morphologically and anatomically very similar toCatapyrenium cinereum (Pers.)Koerb. but differs in having two-celled spores.

     

Systematik,Verbreitung und Karyologie derFestuca violacea-Gruppe (Poaceae) im Ostalpenraum

The biosystematics of theFestuca violacea group (F. rubra subsp.violacea sensuHackel) in the Eastern Alps is studied.F. picturata Pils (=F. picta Kit. exSchultes nonJ. F. Gmelin) is confirmed as diploid, whereas the chromosome numbers forF. nitida (diploid),F. puccinellii (hexaploid), andF. norica (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid) are reported for the first time. Details of morphology, leaf anatomy, and epidermal structures now allow a better separation of these species; new maps illustrate their distribution. Karyological, chorological, morphological, and anatomical data form the basis for a discussion of the phylogeny of theF. violacea group and its position withinF. rubra s. latiss.

     

Wirtelschnallen bei homo- und heterothallischenCoprinus-Arten (Agaricales)

Within agaric fungi whorled (multiple) clamps have been described so far only for the homothallicCoprinus myceliocephalus Lange. The new speciesCoprinus verticillatus Schulz-Weddigen (ined.) develops fertile mycelia which form septae without or with 1–5 clamps. Stronger hyphae tend to branch dichotomously. Most cells of the vegetative system contain many nuclei. Though single spore cultures remain sterile, they can develop multiple clamps, too. Moreover, very young mycelia produce a special type of oidiophores. According to its mating interactions a bipolar pattern characterizes the heterothallicC. verticillatus.

     

Drei neue Arten desFestuca ovina-Formenkreises (Poaceae) aus dem Osten Österreichs

WithinFestuca ovina agg. two hexaploid taxa:F. brevipila andF. carnuntina, and one tetraploid:F. eggleri, are described as new species.F. pseudovina Hack. exWiesb. is better treated asF. valesiaca Schleich. exGaudin subsp.parviflora (Hack.), comb. nova.

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Drei neue Arten desFestuca ovina-Formenkreises (Poaceae) aus dem Osten Österreichs

     

Die Stipeln derIrvingioideae undRecchioideae und ihre systematische Wertung nebst Bemerkungen zur Holzanatomie und Palynologie

TheSimaroubaceae generally have no true stipules. The stipule-like appendages of some genera proved to be pseudo- or metastipules (Weberling & Leenhouts 1965). There seem to be some exceptions, however: the generaCadellia (incl.Guilfoylia) andRecchia on the one hand, and theIrvingioideae on the other. As these taxa, with exception ofRecchia, have simple leaves, there are no indications that their stipule-like appendages might be pseudo- or metastipules. In regard to their position and ontogeny these appendages behave completely like true stipules. Assuming the view ofForman, one could conceive a morphological line from the long, broadly inserted axillary stipules of mostIrvingioideae to the small scaly triangular stipules ofIxonanthoideae. The similarities between the stipules ofIrvingioideae andErythroxylaceae (already emphasized byHallier and others), become even more evident when their ontogeny is investigated. TheIrvingioideae, therefore, might be regarded as a separate family (perhaps with some relation to theErythroxylaceae,Hallier) or as a subfamily ofIxonanthaceae (Forman).—In addition to data on stipules some results on the palynology and shoot anatomy of the generaCadellia (incl.Guilfoylia) andRecchia are reported. Their relationship with theSimaroubaceae also appears doubtful. If they are to be included, they represent a somewhat isolated group near the base of the family which otherwise has lost its stipules.

Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr.Walter Leinfellner zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Peptidoglycantyp und Zusammensetzung der Zellwandpolysaccharide vonCellulomonas cartalyticum und einigen coryneformen Organismen

Cellulomonas cartalyticum was found to contain a peptidoglycan type different from that of the other species ofCellulomonas. The diamino acid is lysine instead of ornithine and the interpeptide bridge consists ofd-Asp-d-Ser. The same peptidoglycan type occurs inCorynebacterium manihot, Brevibacterium liticum andArthrobacter luteus. These non cellulolytic organisms are most likely not closely related withCellulomonas cartalyticum, as indicated by the very different G+C content of their DNA, although they formed a narrow cluster includingC. cartalyticum when numeric taxonomical methods were applied.

     

Serologische Untersuchungen zur Gliederung derBrassicaceae

The serological investigations support the opinion ofJanchen (1942) to combine the generaBunias, Isatis, andSisymbrium in the tribeSisymbrieae; Cheiranthus, Erysimum, andMatthiola in the tribeHesperideae; andBrassica, Crambe, Sinapis, andSuccowia in the tribeBrassiceae. They further underline the central position of theSisymbrieae and the isolated position of theHeliophileae. In accordance withEigner (1973) theBrassiceae are placed closer to theSisymbrieae than inJanchen; the same holds for thePringleeae. No serological justification could be found to uniteArabis andBarbarea in the tribeArabideae, andAlyssum andLunaria in theAlysseae. From the antigen-systems used among the representatives ofJanchen's Lepidieae the generaLepidium andNeslia show remarkable correspondence both toCamelina andThlaspi, but not toCochlearia which appears distant fromCamelina andThlaspi also.

Teil 1/Part 1.