免疫刺激复合物(ISCOM)介导的传染性法氏囊病病毒多聚蛋白基因免疫的研究

将传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）ZJ2000株的多聚蛋白（VP2／VP4／VP3）基因插入pCI质粒的CMV启动子下游,构建了真核表达质粒pCI-VP2/VP4/VP3,在Lipofectin介导下转染Vero细胞进行了多聚蛋白的瞬时表达。以免疫刺激复合物（ISCOM）为佐剂制备DNA疫苗,进行不同免疫剂量间、不同免疫途径间、一次免疫和二次免疫间的效果对比试验。结果表明：以肌内和皮内联合免疫法效果最好,而口服和点眼等途径未能诱导足够的免疫反应;大于200μg的剂量DNA疫苗才能产生良好的免疫力;二次免疫的效果明显优于一次免疫。与常规的弱毒疫苗B87和D78相比,DNA疫苗产生中和抗体的潜伏期长、效价相对较低,对强毒攻击的保护率相当。本试验还证实,免疫刺激复合物具有明显提高DNA疫苗免疫效果的作用。DNA疫苗能诱导产生保护性反应,为今后IBD疫苗的研究开创了一条新的途径。     

表达H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因和鸡IL-18基因重组禽痘病毒的构建

[目的]获得共表达H5亚型AIV HA基因和鸡IL-18基因的重组禽痘病毒.[方法]将含痘病毒启动子LP2EP2的HA基因和鸡IL-18基因插入到禽痘病毒转移载体pSY681中,获得重组转移载体pSYHA/IL-18.用脂质体将其转染已感染亲本禽痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞,使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与禽痘病毒基因组发生同源重组,产生表达HA和IL-18的重组禽痘病毒(rFPV-HA-IL-18).在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选后,对重组禽痘病毒又进行了多次蚀斑克隆.[结果]以重组禽痘病毒DNA为模板,利用HA基因和鸡IL-18基因引物进行PCR,分别扩增出1条约1.7 kb带和1条0.6 kb左右的带.以间接免疫荧光试验、T细胞转化试验和SPF雏鸡免疫接种证实重组禽痘病毒能表达HA和鸡IL-18,并初步证明鸡IL-18增强HA免疫作用.[结论]重组禽痘病毒能表达具有生物学活性的HA和鸡IL-18.     

白细胞介素-18基因肌肉注射产生明显抗肿瘤作用(英文)

 为了探讨人白细胞介素 (h IL ) - 1 8基因转导的抗肿瘤作用 ,构建了 h IL- 1 8c DNA真核表达质粒载体 pc DNA3/h IL- 1 8.将 pc DNA3/h IL- 1 8经脂质体包裹 ,按照 1 0 0μg/只的剂量注射入雄性Balb/c小鼠后肢肌肉 ,在设定时间处死小鼠取注射部位肉提取总 RNA,应用半定量反转录聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)及免疫组化法检测了 h IL- 1 8m RNA及其蛋白质在小鼠肌肉中不同时间点的表达水平 .随后 30只雄性 Balb/c小鼠于基因注射后第 7d腹部皮下 (i.d.)或腹腔内 (i.p.)接种 1×1 0 5个同系小鼠 S- 1 80肉瘤细胞 .观察了 S- 1 80肿瘤细胞在腹腔及皮下的生长情况、小鼠体重、肿瘤重量及存活时间 .结果发现 ,pc DNA3/h IL- 1 8注射后 2 d能检测到 h IL- 1 8m RNA表达 ,第 7d表达量较高 ,第 2 8d仍有 h IL- 1 8m RNA表达 .免疫组化染色显示了注射部位散在有 h IL- 1 8蛋白质颗粒 .h IL- 1 8基因注射组小鼠体重、肿瘤重量均比对照组轻 (P值分别小于 0 .0 0 5、0 .0 5) ,存活时间比对照组延长 .结果显示 ,真核表达系统 pc DNA3/h IL - 1 8经脂质体包裹肌注后能有效表达 ,具有明显的抑制肿瘤生长作用 .     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国流行株免疫原S1基因的分子克隆、序列分析及其DNA免疫的初步研究*

对来源于我国华东地区的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒流行株QD免疫原Sl基因cDNA进行了克隆、序列分析和DNA免疫的初步研究。RT—PCR扩增QD毒株的S1基因,将其5’和3’端分别进行分子修饰后插入克隆载体pUCl8的BamHⅠ／HindⅢ位电,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的克隆;利用英国IBV毒株Sl全基因核酸探针与QD毒株S1基因的重组克隆质粒分子杂交后,采用HaeⅢ,PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ等限制酶对此流行毒株S1基固cDNA进行了酶切分析;在测定QD毒株S1基因5’端高变区核苷酸序列并以此与IBV　M41,H120,6／82及Beaud等参考毒株序列对比分析的基础上,构建了QD株S1基因DNA免疫表达质粒,肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,鸡胚病毒中和试验的结果表明,IBV S1基因DNA免疫表达质粒能诱导小鼠产生病毒特异的中和抗体,具有良好的免疫原性,初步显示基因疫苗在鸡传染性支气管炎防治上应用前景。     

鸡白细胞介素2增强传染性法氏囊病病毒多聚蛋白DNA疫苗免疫原性的研究

鸡白细胞介素 2(IL-2)基因是新近被确定的非哺乳类IL-2基因。将鸡白细胞介素2(IL-2)基因和传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)多聚蛋白基因 (VP2/VP4/VP3)分别插入真核表达载体pCI的CMV启动子下游 ,制备DNA疫苗 ,免疫 14日龄SPF鸡 ,14d后二免 ,二免后 3d攻击标准强毒株。结果表明共注射鸡IL 2质粒能明显增强DNA疫苗对强毒攻击 ,保护率达 80 % ;能增强DNA疫苗诱导的中和抗体效价 (P<0.05 ) ;能显著促进鸡胸腺、脾脏和外周血液T淋巴细胞及法氏囊B淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.05)。这些结果提示鸡IL 2能明显增强IBDV多聚蛋白DNA疫苗的免疫原性 ,是一种优良的禽类DNA疫苗佐剂。     

多种HIVB′/C亚型基因在复制型DNA疫苗中表达及免疫效果研究

为了解多种HIVB′/C亚型基因在复制型DNA疫苗中表达水平及对免疫效果影响,使用复制型DNA疫苗载体pSCK2,分别构建了7种含单种或多种HIVB′/C亚型基因gagpol、gp160和rtn(rev、tat和nef融合基因)的DNA疫苗质粒。免疫荧光检测表明,Gag、Gp160、Rev、Tat和Nef蛋白均能从相应7种DNA疫苗中表达,单基因表达质粒中的基因表达水平和双基因表达质粒中IRES上游的基因表达水平普遍较好。小鼠免疫后,Gag能诱发较高的抗体滴度,Gp160、Pol和RTN的抗体滴度很低;比较研究显示,Gag单独表达和Gag与RTN双表达的质粒均能诱发较好的Gag抗体反应,但Gag与Gp160双表达质粒免疫或含Gag、Gp160和RTN质粒联合免疫的Gag抗体反应均较弱。ELISPOT检测表明,7种DNA疫苗单独或不同组合方式免疫均能诱发针对Gag、Pol、Gp160、Tat和Nef的细胞免疫反应;单基因表达质粒单独免疫诱发的细胞免疫反应最好,含gagpol和gp160双基因表达质粒单独免疫或与含其它基因质粒联合免疫诱发的Gag、Pol和Gp160细胞免疫明显低于含Gagpol或Gp160单基因质粒诱发的相应免疫反应,但诱发的Tat和Nef细胞免疫与相应单基因质粒免疫组无明显差别。本研究结果显示,不同表达构建体的多种HIVB'/C亚型的基因gagpol、gp160和rtn均能从pSCK2质粒中较好地表达;不同基因结构和不同组合免疫的优化,特别是含gag和gp160基因疫苗联合免疫程序的进一步优化对提高其免疫效果是必要的。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌HA2基因和白细胞介素IL-15基因重组质粒的构建

构建抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌的牙周炎基因疫苗p VAX1-HA2、pVAX1-HA2/IL-15,体外检测其在293T细胞的表达。以HA2基因(牙龈卟啉单胞菌牙龈素—血凝素基因编码区的核心功能区)为目的基因与IL-15基因为免疫佐剂构建真核表达质粒,用Lip2000介导瞬时转染293T细胞,RT-PCR检测目的基因mRNA水平及酶联免疫吸附试验检测IL-15蛋白表达水平。重组质粒p VAX1-HA2、pVAX1-HA2/IL-15经酶切及DNA测序鉴定构建正确,转染的293T细胞能够检测到目的基因的表达,也可以检测到IL-15蛋白的表达。说明我们成功构建了真核共表达质粒pVAX1-HA2和p VAX1-HA2/IL-15,为下一步研制抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌DNA疫苗奠定了基础。     

甲型流感病毒M1基因真核表达载体的构建及其表达

研究旨在构建含有甲型流感病毒M1基因的真核表达载体,并探讨其在真核细胞中的表达.提取流感病毒Influenza A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) RNA,RT-PCR扩增M1基因并将目的基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+).经酶切及PCR鉴定后用PolyFect脂质体将其转染到Vero细胞,免疫荧光技术鉴定其表达.甲型流感病毒M1蛋白重组质粒pcDNA3.1-M1的成功构建,为开发研制流感病毒保守蛋白DNA疫苗奠定了基础.     

IBDV多聚蛋白基因真核表达质粒的构建与表达

将IBDV上海超强毒株的多聚蛋白基因(vp2-4-3)克隆入真核表达载体pALTER-MAX,构建成功pALTER-MAX-VP2-4-3真核表达质粒,经纯化后,pALTER-MAX-VP2-4-3在Lipofectamie^TM2000介导下转染Vero细胞、11日龄鸡胚的绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)和肌肉注射2日龄的雏鸡,1周后,分别提取细胞或组织中的总DNA或总RNA,用DIG标记探针均可检测到阳性杂交信号;转染的Vero细胞飞片和肌肉冰冻切片,进行免疫荧光检测均呈现阳性结果;转染的鸡胚CAM匀浆上清,用兔抗IBDV超强毒的高免血清,经Dot—ELISA检测呈现阳性。表明转染后基因获得表达,表达的蛋白具有免疫反应性。     

C3d-M28增强伪狂犬病毒gC基因体液免疫

研究补体C3d的受体结合功能区(M28)对伪狂犬病毒gC基因DNA疫苗免疫增强作用。将4拷贝的M28基因与伪狂犬病毒gC基因串联后,克隆到载体pcDNA3.1中,构建融合表达的重组质粒(sgC-M284)。BALB/c小鼠免疫试验表明,sgC-M284免疫组比单独表达伪狂犬病毒gC蛋白的重组质粒(sgC)免疫组产生的ELISA抗体高17倍,对致死剂量(316LD50)伪狂犬病毒攻毒的保护率提高了63%。gC基因与M28基因融合表达诱导产生的IL-4水平接近了伪狂犬灭活疫苗免疫组的产生的IL-4水平,显著增强了基于Th2途径的体液免疫反应。     

Potent CD4+ T cell responses elicited by a bicistronic HIV-1 DNA vaccine expressing gp120 and GM-CSF.

Virus-specific CD4(+) T cell responses have been shown to play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 replication. Candidate HIV-1 vaccines should therefore elicit potent CD4(+) as well as CD8(+) T cell responses. In this report we investigate the ability of plasmid GM-CSF to augment CD4(+) T cell responses elicited by an HIV-1 gp120 DNA vaccine in mice. Coadministration of a plasmid expressing GM-CSF with the gp120 DNA vaccine led to only a marginal increase in gp120-specific splenocyte CD4(+) T cell responses. However, immunization with a bicistronic plasmid that coexpressed gp120 and GM-CSF under control of a single promoter led to a dramatic augmentation of vaccine-elicited CD4(+) T cell responses, as measured by both cellular proliferation and ELISPOT assays. This augmentation of CD4(+) T cell responses was selective, since vaccine-elicited Ab and CD8(+) T cell responses were not significantly changed by the addition of GM-CSF. A 100-fold lower dose of the gp120/GM-CSF bicistronic DNA vaccine was required to elicit detectable gp120-specific splenocyte proliferative responses compared with the monocistronic gp120 DNA vaccine. Consistent with these findings, i.m. injection of the gp120/GM-CSF bicistronic DNA vaccine evoked a more extensive cellular infiltrate at the site of inoculation than the monocistronic gp120 DNA vaccine. These results demonstrate that bicistronic DNA vaccines containing GM-CSF elicit remarkably potent CD4(+) T cell responses and suggest that optimal Th cell priming requires the precise temporal and spatial codelivery of Ag and GM-CSF.     

Improvement of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2.

DNA vaccines encoding a viral protein have been shown to induce antiviral immune responses and provide protection against subsequent viral challenge. In this study, we show that the efficacy of a DNA vaccine can be greatly improved by simultaneous expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. Following transfection of cells in culture with these HBV plasmid vectors, we found that the encoded major protein was secreted while the middle protein and the fusion protein were retained on the cell membrane. Despite differences in localization of the encoded antigens, plasmids encoding the major or middle proteins gave similar antibody and T-cell proliferative responses in the vaccinated animals. The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, the vaccine efficacy in terms of dosage used in immunization was increased at least 100-fold by coexpression of IL-2. We also found that DNA vaccines coexpressing IL-2 help overcome major histocompatibility complex-linked nonresponsiveness to HBsAg vaccination. The immune responses elicited by HBV DNA vaccines were also modulated by coexpression of IL-2. When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. Coexpression of IL-2 also increased the Th2-like responses, although the increment was much less significant.     

新型呼肠病毒 S基因 DNA 疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫原性

目的：探讨新型呼肠病毒R4株S片段免疫小鼠后引发的免疫应答。方法构建4个不同S基因节段的重组真核表达质粒,并免疫小鼠;ELISA检测血清以研究R4特异性抗体升高水平,并对其抗体亚型进行鉴定;ELISPOT检测小鼠淋巴细胞INF-γ的表达情况。结果与对照组相比,4个重组质粒免疫的小鼠血清都有明显的R4特异性抗体升高,尤其以S1和S3基因免疫后抗体水平较高,且均以IgG2a占绝对优势;S1基因免疫组小鼠的细胞免疫应答最强。结论 S1基因重组质粒免疫小鼠后可同时引发较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,是较为理想的疫苗备选基因片段。     

共表达PRRSV GP5蛋白和CSFV E2蛋白的“自杀性”DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答

为了获得新型双价"自杀性"DNA疫苗,将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus,PRRSV)GP5基因克隆于此前构建的表达猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)E2基因的甲病毒复制子载体疫苗pSFV1CS-E2中.为了增强免疫效果,在密码子优化的GP5基因中插入了泛DR表位(PADRE),在CSFV E2基因后融合伪狂犬病病毒(PrV)UL49基因,获得了6种重组质粒.间接免疫荧光试验显示,PRRSV GP5和CSFV E2基因在瞬时转染的293T细胞中得到同时表达,将6种重组质粒和空载体pSFV1CS分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,用间接ELISA方法检测血清抗体水平,通过基于CSFE/WST-8的淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞因子ELISA评价疫苗诱导的细胞免疫.结果显示,除pSFV1CS组外,从各疫苗组小鼠血清中均可检测到低水平的针对GP5和E2蛋白的抗体;各疫苗组小鼠脾细胞经CSFV和PRRSV刺激后均能诱导特异性的淋巴细胞增殖:部分疫苗组小鼠脾细胞经CSFV和PRRSV刺激后可分泌较高水平的IFN-γ和IL-4;引入UL49的疫苗组细胞免疫应答显著高于其它疫苗组.结果表明,这些共表达GP5和E2蛋白的自杀性DNA疫苗可以诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫,PrV UL49可以增强其细胞免疫应答.     

Feline leukemia virus DNA vaccine efficacy is enhanced by coadministration with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 expression vectors

The expectation that cell-mediated immunity is important in the control of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection led us to test a DNA vaccine administered alone or with cytokines that favored the development of a Th1 immune response. The vaccine consisted of two plasmids, one expressing the gag/pol genes and the other expressing the env gene of FeLV-A/Glasgow-1. The genetic adjuvants were plasmids encoding the feline cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Kittens were immunized by three intramuscular inoculations of the FeLV DNA vaccine alone or in combination with plasmids expressing IFN-gamma, IL-12, or both IL-12 and IL-18. Control kittens were inoculated with empty plasmid. Following immunization, anti-FeLV antibodies were not detected in any kitten. Three weeks after the final immunization, the kittens were challenged by the intraperitoneal inoculation of FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 and were then monitored for a further 15 weeks for the presence of virus in plasma and, at the end of the trial, for latent virus in bone marrow. The vaccine consisting of FeLV DNA with the IL-12 and IL-18 genes conferred significant immunity, protecting completely against transient and persistent viremia, and in five of six kittens protecting against latent infection. None of the other vaccines provided significant protection.     

Immunogenicity of multiple gene and clade human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA vaccines

The ability to elicit an immune response to a spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene products from divergent strains is a desirable feature of an AIDS vaccine. In this study, we examined combinations of plasmids expressing multiple HIV-1 genes from different clades for their ability to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Immunization with a modified Env, gp145DeltaCFI, in combination with a Gag-Pol-Nef fusion protein plasmid elicited similar CD4(+) and CD8(+) cellular responses to immunization with either vector alone. Further, when mice were immunized with a mixture of Env from three clades, A, B, and C, together with Gag-Pol-Nef, the overall potency and balance of CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to all viral antigens were similar, with only minor differences noted. In addition, plasmid mixtures elicited antibody responses comparable to those from individual inoculations. These findings suggest that a multigene and multiclade vaccine, including components from A, B, and C Env and Gag-Pol-Nef, can broaden antiviral immune responses without immune interference. Such combinations of immunogens may help to address concerns about viral genetic diversity for a prospective HIV-1 vaccine.     

用电穿孔方法研究 H5N1 禽流感病毒DNA 疫苗对动物的免疫保护作用

为了研究 H5N1 DNA 疫苗对小鼠和鸡的保护效率,用 H5N1 禽流感病毒 HA DNA 疫苗免疫 BALB/c 小鼠和 SPF 鸡 . 小鼠和鸡分别经电穿孔和肌肉注射免疫两次,间隔为 3 周 . 二次免疫后,用致死量的同源病毒进行攻毒实验 . 空白对照组在攻毒后全部死亡,而经电穿孔免疫的小鼠和鸡均获得了完全的保护,并能有效地抑制病毒在小鼠肺脏和鸡泄殖腔的繁殖 . 同时,电穿孔免疫的小鼠和鸡均产生了高水平的特异性抗体 . 经电穿孔免疫的小鼠攻毒后 CTL 反应明显加强 . 这些结果表明, HA DNA 疫苗能有效地保护小鼠和鸡对禽流感病毒的感染,同时也表明电穿孔免疫是 DNA 疫苗免疫的有效途径之一 .     

Delivery of a heterologous antigen by a registered Salmonella vaccine (STM1)

STM1 is an aro A(-) attenuated mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and is a well-characterised vaccine strain available to the livestock industry for the prevention of salmonellosis in chickens. This strain has potential for heterologous antigen delivery, and here we show that the strain can be used to deliver a model antigen, ovalbumin, to immune cells in vitro and in vivo. Two plasmid constructs expressing the ovalbumin gene were utilised, one of which uses a prokaryotic promoter and the other the CMV promoter (DNA vaccine). In vitro, STM1 carrying ovalbumin-encoding plasmids was able to invade dendritic cells and stimulate a CD8(+) cell line specific for the dominant ovalbumin epitope, SIINFEKL. In vivo, spleen cells were responsive to SIINFEKL after vaccination of mice with ovalbumin-encoding plasmids in STM1, and finally, humoral responses, including IgA, were induced after vaccination.     

The humoral and cellular immune responses in mice induced by DNA vaccine expressing the sporozoite surface protein of Cryptosporidium parvum

Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoan disease, is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum in animals and humans. To study the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by DNA vaccine expressing the sporozoite surface protein, CP15/60, of Cryptosporidium parvum, the recombinant plasmid containing the CP15/60 gene was injected into tibialis a interior muscle of BALB/c mice. The mice were subsequently given booster doses twice at 3-week intervals. The humoral and cellular immune responses were detected at different times after immunization. The mice were then challenged by inoculation of 1 x 10(6) oocysts of C. parvum. The experimental results have shown that the recombinant plasmid can induce corresponding specific immune responses and thus protect the mice from challenge of the oocysts, suggesting that the recombinant plasmid could be a potential candidate of DNA vaccine.