bcr／abl嵌合基因与白血病分子机制

bcr/bal嵌合基因是白血病ph染色体的分子基础,其表达的融合蛋白具有活跃的酷氨酸激酶活性,它与细胞信号传导功能有关的蛋白质作用于干扰细胞正常信号的转导,影响细胞生长或凋亡,bcr/abl在白血病中的作用机制的进一步阐明有助于白血病的治疗。     

bcr／abl反义RNA片段对Ph＋人白血病细胞系分化的影响

为探讨Ph 白血病细胞中bcr/ab1表达的降低对细胞分化的影响,本文利用脂质体介导的方法将表达bcr/ab1融合区反义RNA片段的重组质粒导入K562和BV173细胞系,以Southern和Northern杂交以及筑巢式逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应技术证实外源DNA已在靶细胞内整合与表达,且bcr/ab1反义RNA片段的表达使内源性bcr/ab1 mRNA表达水平降低。未观察到表达bcr/ab1反义RNA片段的K562细胞出现粒单系或红系分化,重组质粒转染前后BV173细胞表面的CD10和CD34抗原以及K562细胞表面的CD13和CD33抗原表达无明显变化,提示bcr/ab1反义RNA片段抑制增殖的同时未引发分化与成熟。     

RNA/DNA嵌合分子介导的高效基因修复

本文介绍了RNA/DNA嵌合分子介导的高效基因修复技术。这一技术是1996年开始发展起来的全新技术,它通过人工合成的双链开环RNA/DNA嵌合分子转染细胞而使特定基因靶位点产生单碱基改变,从而修复突变基因。这一技术高效（目前最高可达50％以上）、特异性强、安全、无随机插入致变的危险、无免疫反应、无明显毒性,能够用于定点突变、基因敲除、动植物功能基因组学、药物遗传学等很多方面的研究,在不久的将来能够应用于人类基因治疗,具有很高的应用价值和医学前景。 Abstract：We introduce a new technique?targeted gene correction directed by chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides which began at 1996.It uses synthetic double?stranded non?circular RNA/DNA chimeric oligonucleotides to transfect cells and make a single?based change at the targeted site of the target gene.It is highly efficient (the highest efficiency is more than 50％),highly special,safe,without danger of mutation caused by random insertion,without immune response,and without obvious toxicity.It can be used to make point mutation,or gene knock?out plants and animals,and is very likely to be used in human gene therapy in the near future.It is also valuable in the study of functional genomics,pharmacogenetics,and medicine.     

人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性粒细胞白血病p210 bcr/abl融合蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性髓细胞白血病敏感株K562细胞p210 ber/abl融合蛋白表达的影响.方法:体外培养K562细胞,经人参皂甙Rg1处理不同时间后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;用Western印迹技术检测细胞内p210ber/abl融合蛋白表达.结果:人参皂甙Rg1可诱导细胞凋亡,凋亡率并随时间延长而升高;人参皂甙Rg1可下调p210 bcr/abl蛋白表达量,并具时间依赖性.结论:人参皂甙Rg1可通过降低p210 ber/abl蛋白水平来诱导K562细胞凋亡,达到有效抗人慢性髓细胞白血病的效果.     

天然嵌合基因的结构特性及其对基因设计的启示

天然嵌合基因(natural chimeric gene)是由两个或两个以上的独立基因天然融合而成的新基因,该类型基因的发现,突破了“一个基因对应一个染色体座位”的经典认知,扩展了基因的概念。在人类癌症研究过程中,诸多的嵌合基因可导致肿瘤相关疾病,并作为癌症分子的诊断标志而受到人们的广泛关注。本文基于嵌合基因生物信息学方面的相关研究,以癌基因为切入点,从天然嵌合基因的融合特点、转录、调控,以及融合蛋白的结构域组合形式和功能等方面,结合本研究组前期的相关工作,综述了嵌合基因融合结构和功能的研究进展,探讨了当前研究工作的困难与挑战,并对嵌合规律在新基因设计的应用作了展望。     

汉滩病毒M和S基因不同拼接方式嵌合基因免疫效果的研究

本文在前期工作的基础上,构建了汉滩病毒76－118株M基因G2片段与S基因5'端0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7及pcDNA3.1-S0．7G2;用该质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,结果表明两种质粒免疫小鼠可同时诱导产生抗滩滩病核蛋白（NP)及糖蛋白（GP）特异性的抗体,且前者刺激产生的抗体效价明显高于后者。淋巴细胞增殖实验表明,pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7组免疫小鼠脾细胞时NP及GP的增殖指数均明显高于空载体对照组,而pcDNA3.1-S0．7G2组未检测到其淋巴细胞有明显的增殖。这说明汉滩病毒M基因G2片段及S基因0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因既可刺激机体产生特异的抗汉滩病毒体液免疫应答,也可刺激机体产生特异的细胞免疫应答。不同拼接方式对嵌合基因免疫效果有很大影响,嵌合基因G2S0．7这种拼接方式明显优于S0．7G2。     

嵌合抗体轻链基因在家蚕细胞中的重组与表达

用家蚕修饰型核多角体病毒为载体,在家蚕细胞获得人鼠嵌合的抗人小细胞肺癌抗体轻链基因的表达。ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明了抗体轻链基因已组建家蚕病毒基因组中。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ和ＥＬＩＳＡ和分析都检测到在重组病毒感染的家蚕细胞中产生了人鼠嵌合的抗体轻链。     

Bcr3/abl2和VEGF基因反义寡核苷酸联用增强对K562细胞的生长抑制作用

目的:研究BCRABL和VEGF反义寡核苷酸联用对K562细胞株的作用及其相互作用的影响。方法:设计针对bcr3/abl2和VEGF的反义寡核苷酸(ASODNs),应用脂质体Oligofectamine作为转染载体。在转染后72h进行台盼蓝染色细胞计数;建立裸鼠K562移植瘤动物模型,瘤内注射ASODNs,观察肿瘤体积生长变化,组织学检测肿瘤血管密度和肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结果:转染后72h,各实验组与空白组相比,细胞增殖抑制率分别为13.47%(ASOB3/A2组),12.79%(ASOVEGF组)和41.55%(半量联合治疗组)。经过4次治疗后,与对照组相比,肿瘤生长抑制率分别为23.18%(ASOB3/A2组),17.28%(ASOVEGF组)和57.83%(半量联合治疗组)。联合治疗组肿瘤生长速率显著低于单一治疗组,伴随明显的肿瘤细胞凋亡增加和肿瘤血管密度减少。结论:双基因反义寡核苷酸联合应用协同抑制K562细胞增殖,抗肿瘤作用明显优于单一治疗组,可为CML基因治疗提供一项新策略。     

BCR3/ABL2核酶的设计、构建及对K562细胞增殖与集落形成的抑制作用和凋亡诱导作用

利用计算机模拟设计合成了针对 K5 62细胞致癌融合 bcr3/abl2 m RNA的锤头状核酶 .该核酶以融合点附近 UUC为识别切割三联体 ,在核酶的 3′端增加一段 T7噬菌体终止子序列 .用基因克隆结合体外转录的方法 ,肯定了核酶的体外切割活性 .进而将核酶基因克隆到 p CEP4真核细胞高效表达载体上 ,利用脂质体 Lipofectin AMINE介导的转染技术将核酶与核酶基因导入靶细胞 ,从抑制靶细胞 K5 62的增殖与集落形成及引起靶细胞凋亡等方面验证了核酶在细胞水平上对融合基因 bcr3/abl2 m RNA的特异切割作用 ,并观察到了 T7噬菌体终止子序列对核酶切割效率的增强影响 .     

Comparison of triple helical COMBO-FISH and standard FISH by means of quantitative microscopic image analysis of abl/bcr positions in cell nuclei

In this study, a novel DNA fluorescence labelling technique, called triple helical COMBO-FISH (Combinatorial Oligo Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation), was compared to the standard FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation by means of commercially available probe kits) by quantitative evaluation of the nuclear position of the hybridisation signals of the Abelson murine leukaemia (abl) region and the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in 3D-conserved cell nuclei of lymphocytes and CML blood cells. Two sets of 31 homopyrimidine oligonucleotides each, corresponding to co-localising sequences in the abl region of chromosome 9 and in the bcr region of chromosome 22 were synthesised. Probe types and sizes (in bases) as well as the binding mechanisms of both FISH techniques were completely different. In accordance to established findings that cell type specific radial positioning of chromosomes and sub-chromosomal elements is evolutionarily conserved, no significant difference was found between the two FISH techniques for the radial localisation of the barycentre of the analysed genomic loci. Thermal denaturation and hypotonic treatment of cell nuclei subjected to standard FISH, however, led to different absolute radii and volumes of the cell nuclei, in comparison to the quantities determined for the triple helical COMBO-FISH technique; the chromatin appears to shrink in laterally enlarged, flat nuclei. Consequently, the absolute distances of the homologous labelled sites shifted to greater values. For precise quantitative microscopic analysis of genomic loci, fluorescence labelling procedures are recommended that well maintain the native chromatin topology. Triple helical COMBO-FISH may offer such an approach.     

Rapid detection of chimeric bcr/abl mRNAs in acute lymphoblastic and chronic myeloid leukemia by the polymerase chain reaction

We have developed a rapid method for the detection of bcr/abl mRNAs, the products of the BCR/ABL fusion genes. The method is based on the polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR). Through the use of additional internal primers it is possible to detect directly a single Ph1-positive cell among 10(5) unaffected cells thus omitting time-consuming blotting procedures. The whole analytical procedure starting from RNA isolation to agarose gel electrophoresis including two rounds of PCR can be performed in less than six hours.     

RNAi干扰Shp2基因对K562细胞增殖的抑制效应

通过RNA干扰技术沉默蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶跏2基因,构建重纽质粒,采用实时荧光定量PCR（Real-timePCR）法、Westernblot、MTT法、流式细胞术（FCM）分别检测转染后K562细胞中bcr／abl融合基因、bcr／abl融合蛋白的表达水平、细胞生长增殖变化及细胞凋亡率,探索该基因的沉默表达对K562N胞的抑制作用。结果表明,该实验成功构建出能明显下调Shp2基因及其蛋白表达的重组质粒,转染K562细胞后,其bcr／abl融合基因及融合蛋白水平均明显降低、K562细胞增殖活力被抑制（P〈0．05）、细胞凋亡水平上升（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,其差异具有统计学意义。提示,重组质粒可显著降低bcr／abl基因及蛋白的表达,抑制K562细胞的生物学效应,表明在细胞水平沉默Shp2有可能成为治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的有效靶点。     

反义寡核苷酸对K562细胞的抑制作用及诱导细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究bcr-abl硫代磷酸反义寡脱氧核糖核酸(Aspo)作用于K562细胞后,对细胞mRNA、蛋白水平的影响,以及诱导细胞凋亡情况。方法Aspo与K562细胞共培养后,用流式细胞仪检测P210蛋白表达及细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR半定量检测bcr-ablmRNA表达情况,电镜观察细胞凋亡的形态学改变。结果K562细胞经浓度大于5μmol/Lbcr-ablAspo处理24h,流式细胞仪检测细胞P210蛋白表达下调甚至完全受抑制,10μmol/Lbcr-ablAspo作用48h,细胞bcr-ablmRNA下降45%左右,当细胞初始浓度为1×104/ml时,Aspo作用120h细胞凋亡率20%～30%,当细胞数增加至1×105/ml时,Aspo作用48h即可使30%细胞发生凋亡,电镜下观察到典型凋亡细胞形态学改变。结论bcr-abl反义核酸对K562细胞mRNA水平具有抑制作用,同时还可诱导细胞凋亡。     

In vitro catalytic activities of DNA/RNA chimeric hammerhead ribozymes against AML1-MTG8 mRNA, a fused gene transcript in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)

In order to design the best construct for therapeutic hammerhead ribozymes against AML1-MTG8, the t(8;21)-associated fusion mRNA of acute myeloid leukemia, we synthesized DNA/RNA chimeric ribozymes directed to the area adjacent to the fusion point between AML1 and MTG8. Catalytic efficiency and fusion gene specificity of ribozymes were examined by kinetic studies of the cleavage reactions of AML1-MTG8, AML1, and MTG8 RNAs transcribed in vitro. Ribozyme 2 (Rz2) specifically cleaved AML1-MTG8 RNA at three nucleotides downstream of the fusion junction with high efficiency. The highest cleavage efficiency was achieved by Rz4.3, which targeted non-contiguous sequences and cleaved at 19 nucleotides downstream of the fusion junction. Rz4.3 also cleaved MTG8 RNA but the cleavage efficiency was three orders of magnitude lower than that for AML1-MTG8 RNA. Therefore, Rz4.3 and Rz2 are the proper ribozymes for in vivo application to modulate gene expression of the AML1-MTG8.