水解工业废羊毛提取胱氨酸的工艺参数的改进

利用人发、猪毛水解提取胱氨酸的生产线,以工业废羊毛为原料水解提取胱氨酸,给出了改进后的工艺参数。试验证明：成品收率提高到４．９％,成品合格率１００％。     

猪毛水解条件对胱氨酸水解得率的影响——应用“正交法”的一个实验

<正> 我们是以酸水解法从猪毛中提取胱氨酸的。因此猪毛角蛋白质被水解成氨基酸的过程,受酸的浓度,水解的温度和时间这三个因素的影响。关于如何应用酸的浓度,控制水解的温度和时间,有各种各样的说法。为了取得第一手材料,摸清在常压下水解猪毛,酸的浓度、温度、时间三因素对胱氨酸得率的影响,我们在数学系同学的大力支援下,应用了\"正交设计法\"——这个能从多因素中找出最适条件的试验方法,进行了提高胱氨酸水解得率的试     

L－胱氨酸生产杂质源及其除去方法

Ｌ－胱氨酸生产杂质源及其除去方法王安云１杂质源及其分类作为提取Ｌ－胱氨酸的生产原料，不论是人发、猪毛或羊毛等各种毛发，完整的毛发结构可分为三个部分：毛乳头、毛根和毛干，毛乳头是在体表之下，与表皮身体有血管连系的一部分，可吸收胱氨酸和黑色素颗粒等养分向...     

胱氨酸厂废水氨基酸含量分析及其利用价值评价

分析了猪毛制备胱氨酸废水中的氨基酸含量,评价了这种废水的利用价值。通过多级浓缩离析实验方法,探讨了制备饲料用氨基酸的可行性。结果表明,胱氨酸厂废水中含有１７种氨基酸,其中必须氨基酸７种。与粮食中必须氨基酸含量相比高１．６～２．７倍。与鸭、鸡配合饲料标准中规定的氨基酸种类和含量相比基本相近。废液中可溶性固形物含量５０％以上,氨基酸总量达２０％以上,开发利用价值极高。     

电渗析法进行胱氨酸母液脱盐的研究

猪毛酸解提取胱氨酸后的母液中含有十七种氨基酸。本文报道了采用我校由辐射法制备的高性能离子交换膜（ＨＦ－１及ＨＦ－２）,通过电渗析技术对母液进行脱盐并制得混合氨基酸。该技术已运转近一年,脱盐率＞９５．５％,氨基酸中人体必须氨基酸达２０％以上。     

商陆浆果红色素提取工艺及毒素的清除

以垂序商陆（ＰｈｙｔｏｌａｃａａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａＬ．）浆果为原料,采用水提取醇沉杂质甲乙混合液清除皂甙类物质的方法进行红色素的提取,色素粗品得率为４８５％,其中甜菜苷含量为３６９％;色素粗品质量初步检验结果为,总糖含量１１２％,还原糖７５％,铅浓度４１．３μｇ／ｇ,溶解性４２ｓ,分散性（Ａλ５２０）０３２３,吸湿性较强;经氯仿硫酸显色法和紫外扫描法检测,表明色素中皂甙类物质（即所谓“商陆毒素”）已基本清除。     

复合脂肪酶催化生物柴油的初步研究

初步探讨了复合脂肪酶催化生物柴油的工艺。优化了复合酶配比条件和叔丁醇反应体系。在无溶剂体系中,Novozym435分别与Lipozyme TLIM和Lipozyme RMIM均以70／30质量比混合时,甲酯得率分别达到94．52％和96．25％,比Novozym435单独催化时的甲酯得率分别提高了9．52％和9．99％。在叔丁醇体系中,当Novozym435与Li-pozyme TLIM和Lipozyme RMIM分别以60／40和80／20的质量比混合时,其甲酯得率分别为85．06％和81．5％,比Novozym435单独催化的效率分别提高了9．89％和7．48％。优化叔丁醇体系中复合酶催化条件后,甲酯得率达92％。     

会议简讯

“从生产胱氨酸后的猪毛水解液中制备 L—精氨酸及 L—精氨酸盐酸盐注射液”鉴定会议在武汉举行。由湖北省科委委托湖北省外贸局和武汉大学主持召开的“从生产胱氨酸后的猪毛水解液中制备 L—精氨酸及精氨酸盐酸盐注射液”的鉴定会,于一九七九年六月十五日——十六日在武汉大学举行。参加会议的有外贸公司、湖北省、武汉市药政部门及来自十省、市十九个科研、应用、生产单位的44名代表。     

茶氨酸提取纯化工艺研究

系统研究了从茶多酚工业废液中提取纯化茶氨酸的工艺。采用絮凝、吸附、阳离子树脂交换、重结晶工艺来分离纯化茶氨酸。结果表明,絮凝能有效的去除茶多酚工业废液中的蛋白质等杂质,杂质的去除率为50％;吸附能进一步去除色素、多酚类物质及大分子有机物;阳离子交换树脂能较专-吸附氨基酸。茶多酚工业废液经絮凝→吸附→阳离子树脂交换工艺可得纯度50%的茶氨酸,得率为1．8％;通过重结晶可得到纯度90％的茶氨酸,得率为0．8%。     

蜜环菌多糖的生物合成与发酵条件的相关性

培养基的碳、氮源,ＰＨ值直接影响蜜环菌多糖的生物合成,泥炭水解液的添加量占培养基的１０％～３９％（Ｖ／Ｖ）时,对蜜环菌多糖的生物合成有促进作用。液体振范培养时,蜜环菌生长形成球形菌丝体,菌丝生物量３．４５ｇ／Ｌ,菌丝多糖（精糖）得率为０．２８４％,而静置液体培养有利于菌索形成,菌素生物量１４．０５ｇ／Ｌ,菌索多糖（精糖）得率为０．５１５％,胞外多糖的得率分别为２９．４％和８．３％     

影响胱氨酸产品透光率的原因分析

影响胱氨酸产品透光率的原因分析刘笃琏ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＲｅａｓｏｎｓＥｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅＴｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｙｓｔｉｎｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔ￥ＬｉｕＤｕｌｉａｎＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓ：Ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔａｎｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｄｉｆｆｉｃｕ...     

提高毛发酸解提取胱氨酸产率之工艺探讨

毛发中含胱氨酸约14%,但国外目前最佳提取率达9%,国内大致在5.5%左右。如何提高提取率乃是极其重要的问题。本文综合国内外众多资料并结合自己的实践,对毛发酸解提取胱氨酸的工艺进行探讨。并提出一些看法。产率一般可稳定在7—8%。     

利用改进的酚-氯仿法从猪毛囊中提取基因组DNA

为提高从猪毛囊组织中提取基因组DNA的效率, 文章在借鉴从其他组织提取基因组DNA方法的基础上, 对经典的酚-氯仿法的反应体系和步骤进行了改进。利用改进的酚－氯仿抽提法, 从猪的毛囊组织中快速、高效地提取了高质量基因组DNA。利用该方法从1~6根猪毛囊中提取的基因组DNA可满足基于PCR技术的相关分子生物学实验需要。     

从人发中连续提取亮氨酸和胱氨酸工艺初探

介绍了一种从人发中连续提取亮氨酸和胱氨酸的新工艺。人发用盐酸水解后 ,将水解液减压赶酸 ,再直接加入邻二甲苯 - 4-磺酸沉淀亮氨酸 ,所得沉淀经氨解及后续的精制过程可得亮氨酸精品 ,沉淀亮氨酸后所得的母液按传统的工艺用液氨和得胱氨酸粗品 ,再经一次精制中和可得胱氨酸精品。亮氨酸和胱氨酸的收率分别可达 4 .9%和 7.8% ,产品质量符合日本味之素标准     

The electron histochemical demonstration of cystine-containing proteins in the guinea pig hair follicle

Summary A previously described electron histochemical method for detecting cystine in fully keratinised human hair has been modified for the examination of this amino acid residue amongst the cellular components of anagen guinea pig hair follicles. Using the technique the progressive incorporation of cystine into the hair cuticle and cortex has been observed. Although cystine was absent from the hair medulla and outer root sheath cells at all stages of development, a narrow layer of cystine-containing material was found adjacent to the cell membranes of hardened inner root sheath cells.     

Production of branched root hairs under progressive drought stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

In this study, data on the production of branched root hairs in the seedlings of A. thaliana under progressive water deficit were presented. The overall production of branched hairs was quite high under stress conditions and amounted to 8.27%. On the contrary, this form of root hairs was almost absent in the control group (0.27%). The highest number of branched hairs was produced at the beginning of the stress action. Branched root hairs are quite uniform structures in the sense of their morphology. To solve the question of how the branched hairs grow, the structure of actin cytoskeleton was explored. This structure was different in the root hair and in its branch, which is an indication that the hair stops its growth at the moment when the branching starts. We have also characterized the production of branched root hairs in hormonal mutants of Arabidopsis and found the involvement of auxin in this process.     

Cysteamine depletes cystinotic leucocyte granular fractions of cystine by the mechanism of disulphide interchange.

Cystinotic lysosome-rich leucocyte granular fractions, loaded with [35S]cystine, were exposed to different cystine-depleting agents. During a 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C, untreated cystinotic granular fractions lost negligible [35S]cystine when corrected for lysosome rupture. Granular fractions exposed to 0.1 mM-cysteamine lost 64% of their initial cystine, and hexosaminidase activity was decreased by 10%. This was accompanied by the formation of high concentrations of [35S]cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide within the granular-fraction pellet, and, in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, increasing amounts of [35S]cysteine-N-ethylmaleimide adduct outside the granular fraction. In separate experiments, [35S]cystine exited cystinotic leucocyte lysosomes at a negligible rate (half-times 199 and 293 min), but [35S]cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide exhibited substantial egress (half-times 66 and 88 min) and was recovered intact outside the granular-fraction pellet. We conclude that cysteamine depletes lysosomes of cystine by participating in a thiol-disulphide interchange reaction to produce cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulphide, both of which traverse the cystinotic leucocyte lysosomal membrane.     

The failure behavior of the anchorage of hairs during slow extraction

Treatment of excessive hair growth is an important issue in both dermatological and cosmetic practice. In contrast to treatments with medication, most physical methods are treatments that focus on the hair follicle. To obtain insight in the failure behavior of the anchorage of hairs, hairs were extracted (in vitro) from pig skin at a speed of 0.1mm/s, one at a time. The pulling force and tweezers displacement were recorded. The extracted hairs were classified with respect to the phase in the growing cycle: anagen (growing phase), telogen (resting phase) or other (catagen phase or unable to determine). The anagen hairs showed a different relation between the tweezers displacement and the pulling force than the telogen hairs. Moreover, the maximum force that could be applied before a hair was extracted proved to be lower for anagen hairs than for telogen hairs (0.36N, 1.8N, respectively). The extracted hair length, defined as the part of the hair that had been embedded in the skin which was extracted, was higher for anagen hairs than for telogen hairs (4.8mm, 3.0mm, respectively). Removing proximal skin tissue and the embedded parts of the anagen hair (root) resulted in a change of the extraction curves. The results indicate that two phenomena play a role in the anchorage of anagen hairs. We have proposed a model for the extraction of an anagen hair that has been based on these results: first the interface between hair and skin that is located around the inner root sheath (IRS) starts to fail, followed by failing of the hair itself in the region where the hair keratinizes.     

Studies on the reduction of cytochrome c by thiols : A preliminary report

The reduction of cytochrome c by reduced glutathione is catalyzed by an impurity or impurities present in oxidized glutathione and cystine. In contrast to the conclusions arrived at by V. Massey, C. H. Williams, and G. Palmer [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 42, 730 (1971)], we conclude that this catalysis is not primarily caused by trisulfides. Heating of cystine or GSSG solutions results in a marked increase in the catalytic properties of the solutions. The formation of the catalytic compounds by heating is favored at alkaline pH, with an apparent pK value of about 9.0. The catalytic compounds appear to possess absorption spectra with maxima at 285 nm for GSSG solutions and 300 nm for cystine solutions. The compounds appear to be stable at pH values between 1.3 and 11. The identity of these compounds is presently being investigated.