GenBank

GenBank (R) is a comprehensive sequence database that contains publicly available DNA sequences for more than 119 000 different organisms, obtained primarily through the submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects. Most submissions are made using the BankIt (web) or Sequin programs and accession numbers are assigned by GenBank staff upon receipt. Daily data exchange with the EMBL Data Library in the UK and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI's retrieval system, Entrez, which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and the biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of the GenBank database are available by FTP. To access GenBank and its related retrieval and analysis services, go to the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.     

GenBank

The GenBank((R))sequence database incorporates publicly available DNA sequences of >55 000 different organisms, primarily through direct submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and large-scale sequencing projects. Most submissions are made using the BankIt (Web) or Sequin programs and accession numbers are assigned by GenBank staff upon receipt. Data exchange with the EMBL Data Library and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure comprehensive worldwide coverage. GenBank data is accessible through NCBI's integrated retrieval system, Entrez, which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping and protein structure information, plus the biomedical literature via PubMed. Sequence similarity searching is provided by the BLAST family of programs. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of the GenBank database are available by FTP. NCBI also offers a wide range of WWW retrieval and analysis services based on GenBank data. The GenBank database and related resources are freely accessible via the NCBI home page at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov     

GenBank.

The GenBank(R) sequence database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) incorporates DNA sequences from all available public sources, primarily through the direct submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and from large-scale sequencing projects. Most submitters use the BankIt (WWW) or Sequin programs to send their sequence data. Data exchange with the EMBL Data Library and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure comprehensive worldwide coverage. GenBank data is accessible through NCBI's integrated retrieval system, Entrez , which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome and protein structure information. MEDLINE(R) abstracts from published articles describing the sequences are also included as an additional source of biological annotation. Sequence similarity searching is offered through the BLAST series of database search programs. In addition to FTP, e-mail and server/client versions of Entrez and BLAST, NCBI offers a wide range of World Wide Web retrieval and analysis services of interest to biologists.     

GenBank.

The GenBank sequence database incorporates DNA sequences from all available public sources, primarily through the direct submission of sequence data from authors and from large-scale sequencing projects. Data exchange with the EMBL Data Library and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure comprehensive coverage. GenBank continues to focus on quality control and annotation while expanding data coverage and retrieval services. An integrated retrieval system, known asEntrez, incorporates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases, along with genome maps and protein structure information. MEDLINE abstracts from published articles describing the sequences are also included as an additional source of biological annotation. Sequence similarity searching is offered through the BLAST family of programs. All of NCBI's services are offered through the World Wide Web. In addition, there are specialized server/client versions as well as FTP and e-mail server access.     

GenBank.

The GenBank sequence database continues to expand its data coverage, quality control, annotation content and retrieval services. GenBank is comprised of DNA sequences submitted directly by authors as well as sequences from the other major public databases. An integrated retrieval system, known as Entrez, contains data from GenBank and from the major protein sequence and structural databases, as well as related MEDLINE abstracts. Users may access GenBank over the Internet through the World Wide Web and through special client-server programs for text and sequence similarity searching. FTP, CD-ROM and e-mail servers are alternate means of access.     

GenBank.

The GenBank sequence database has undergone an expansion in data coverage, annotation content and the development of new services for the scientific community. In addition to nucleotide sequences, data from the major protein sequence and structural databases, and from U.S. and European patents is now included in an integrated system. MEDLINE abstracts from published articles describing the sequences provide an important new source of biological annotation for sequence entries. In addition to the continued support of existing services, new CD-ROM and network-based systems have been implemented for literature retrieval and sequence similarity searching. Major releases of GenBank are now more frequent and the data are distributed in several new forms for both end users and software developers.     

GenBank.

The GenBank sequence database continues to expand its data coverage, quality control, annotation content and retrieval services for the scientific community. Besides handling direct submissions of sequence data from authors, GenBank also incorporates DNA sequences from all available public sources; an integrated retrieval system, known as Entrez, also makes available data from the major protein sequence and structural databases, and from U.S. and European patents. MIDLINE abstracts from published articles describing the sequences are also included as an additional source of biological annotation for sequence entries. GenBank supports distribution of the data via FTP, CD-ROM, and E-mail servers. Network server-client programs provide access to an integrated database for literature retrieval and sequence similarity searching.     

GenBank.

The GenBank (Registered Trademark symbol) sequence database incorporates DNA sequences from all available public sources, primarily through the direct submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and from large-scale sequencing projects. Most submitters use the BankIt (Web) or Sequin programs to format and send sequence data. Data exchange with the EMBL Data Library and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure comprehensive worldwide coverage. GenBank data is accessible through NCBI's integrated retrieval system, Entrez, which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome and protein structure information. MEDLINE (Registered Trademark symbol) s from published articles describing the sequences are included as an additional source of biological annotation through the PubMed search system. Sequence similarity searching is offered through the BLAST series of database search programs. In addition to FTP, Email, and server/client versions of Entrez and BLAST, NCBI offers a wide range of World Wide Web retrieval and analysis services based on GenBank data. The GenBank database and related resources are freely accessible via the URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov     

Mapping from GenBank to MEDLINE

GenBank has been based largely on literature that provides nucleic acid sequences. To find additional literature that is relevant to a given sequence, a search of MEDLINE can prove helpful. This paper documents some of the similarities between GenBank and MEDLINE that facilitate retrieval of documents from MEDLINE. In particular, techniques and examples are presented which take GenBank information and lead to MEDLINE information that supplements the GenBank information.     

The GenBank genetic sequence databank.

The GenBank Genetic Sequence Data Bank contains over 5700 entries for DNA and RNA sequences that have been reported since 1967. This paper briefly describes the contents of the database, the forms in which the database is distributed, and the services we offer to scientists who use the GenBank database.     

Submission of sequence data to GenBank

Editorial Announcement

Submission of sequence data to GenBank     

GenBank accession number: AF095588

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基因库(GenBank)的电子邮件检索

基因库(GenBank)是由美国国立卫生研究院、美国国立医学图书馆以及美国国家生物技术信息中心建立发行的,所有已知核酸和蛋白质序列及其文献和生物学注释的公共数据库。可以通过WWW、FTP、E-mail获取其中的数据,本文主要介绍了查询服务器的检索方法。 Abstract:　GenBank is a public database of all known nucleotide and protein sequences with supporting bibliographic and biological annotation, built and distributed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), the National Library of Medicine(NLM) and the US National Institute of Health(NIH). GenBank data is available by WWW, FTP and E-mail. The retrieval of GenBank by the QUERY server is mainly introduced in this paper.     

基因库(GenBank)的电子邮件检索

基因库（ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ）是由美国国立卫生研究院、美国国立医学图书馆以及美国国家生物技术信息中心建立发行的,所有已知核酸和蛋白质序列及其文献和生物学注释的公共数据库。可以通过ＷＷ Ｗ 、ＦＴＰ、Ｅ－ ｍ ａｉｌ获取其中的数据,本文主要介绍了查询服务器的检索方法。     

Sequence Announcements: GenBank accession #AF028803

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Sequence Announcements: GenBank accession #AF020395

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Sequence Announcements: GenBank accession #AF023473

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Sequence Announcements: GenBank accession #AF020397

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Database verification studies of SWISS-PROT and GenBank

PROBLEM STATEMENT: We have studied the relationships among SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, and GenBank with two goals. First is to determine whether users can reliably identify those proteins in SWISS-PROT whose functions were determined experimentally, as opposed to proteins whose functions were predicted computationally. If this information was present in reasonable quantities, it would allow researchers to decrease the propagation of incorrect function predictions during sequence annotation, and to assemble training sets for developing the next generation of sequence-analysis algorithms. Second is to assess the consistency between translated GenBank sequences and sequences in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL. RESULTS: (1) Contrary to claims by the SWISS-PROT authors, we conclude that SWISS-PROT does not identify a significant number of experimentally characterized proteins. (2) SWISS-PROT is more incomplete than we expected in that version 38.0 from July 1999 lacks many proteins from the full genomes of important organisms that were sequenced years earlier. (3) Even if we combine SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL, some sequences from the full genomes are missing from the combined dataset. (4) In many cases, translated GenBank genes do not exactly match the corresponding SWISS-PROT sequences, for reasons that include missing or removed methionines, differing translation start positions, individual amino-acid differences, and inclusion of sequence data from multiple sequencing projects. For example, results show that for Escherichia coli, 80.6% of the proteins in the GenBank entry for the complete genome have identical sequence matches with SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL sequences, 13.4% have exact substring matches, and matches for 4.1% can be found using BLAST search; the remaining 2.0% of E.coli protein sequences (most of which are ORFs) have no clear matches to SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL. Although many of these differences can be explained by the complexity of the DB, and by the curation processes used to create it, the scale of the differences is notable.     

Sequence Announcements: GenBank accession #AF020400

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