NTGLO: a tobacco homologue of the GLOBOSA floral homeotic gene of Antirrhinum majus: cDNA sequence and expression pattern

We report the cloning and DNA sequence of a cDNA from Nicotiana tabacum, NTGLO, as well as the pattern of expression of the NTGLO gene in wild-type tobacco plants. The NTGLO cDNA encodes a protein of 209 amino acids, which shows 73% identity with the GLO protein encoded by the GLO gene of Antirrhinum majus, a homeotic gene involved in the genetic control of flower development. Northern blot analysis shows that the NTGLO gene is expressed mainly in floral organs and, within the flower, expression is restricted to petals and stamens. The NTGLO gene most probably represents a true homologue of the GLO gene because: i) the MADS boxes, of the two genes are highly homologous (56 out of 58 amino acids are identical): ii) at the carboxyterminal a block of 19 amino acids is perfectly conserved between the NTGLO and GLO proteins and iii) their expression patterns in floral organs are identical.     

芒果MSOC1基因的克隆与表达分析

MADS-box转录因子在多种植物的发育过程、特别是花器官的发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。为研究MADS-box转录因子在芒果花器官发育中的作用,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离到1个芒果的SOC1基因,命名为MSOC1(GenBank登录号为KP404094)。MSOC1编码区为733bp,编码223个氨基酸,蛋白质相对分子质量为25.6kD,理论等电点为8.96。序列比对和系统进化树分析表明,MSOC1具有保守的MADS-box及半保守的K区,属于MADS-box家族SOC1/TM3亚家族。组织特异性表达分析表明,MSOC1基因在芒果各个组织部位均有表达,但在茎、叶和花芽中表达量高,而在根和花中表达量低。     

山茶CjMYB1基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究通过序列比对分析,以野生红山茶和不同花色品种山茶为材料,采用PCR方法克隆CjMYB1基因,并通过生物信息学和表达分析对其进行初步研究,为深入研究山茶CjMYB1基因在花色形成和花发育过程的调控机理奠定理论基础。结果表明：(1)成功克隆获得山茶CjMYB1基因(GenBank登录号为OL347930),其开放阅读框长为879 bp,编码292个氨基酸,相对分子质量为33.17 kD;CjMYB1基因属于R2R3-MYB转录因子,且与拟南芥MYB基因家族的第7亚组处于同一分支。(2)荧光定量PCR分析发现,山茶CjMYB1基因在野生红山茶花芽中表达量最高,在萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮中都有较高的表达量,推测其在山茶花器官发育中发挥着重要作用;在红色山茶品种中表达量较高,而在粉色、淡黄色、白色山茶品种中表达量较低,说明CjMYB1基因可能在红色山茶品种的花色苷合成途径中起到了关键作用。(3)亚细胞定位实验表明,CjMYB1蛋白定位在细胞核。     

向日葵MADS-Box基因HAM23-like克隆和表达分析

为了解MADS-box基因在向日葵(Helianthus annuus)花发育过程中的作用,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了1个MADS-box基因新成员HAM23-like,开放阅读框为831bp,编码276个氨基酸,相对分子量为30.52k D,理论等电点为9.42。系统发育分析表明,HAM23-like与拟南芥的AGL18聚于同一分支,具有较近的亲缘关系。qRT-PCR分析表明,HAM23-like基因在花和成熟果实(籽粒饱满期)中的表达量较高;HAM23-like在开花当天的雄蕊中的表达量最高;随着花的发育,HAM 23-like表达量逐渐升高,在开花后5 d (果实形成早期)达到最高表达水平。因此,推断HAM23-like基因可能与向日葵花器官后期发育和瘦果早期发育相关。     

Molecular characterization of the Oncidium orchid HDR gene encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase, the last step of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway

Two pathways are used by higher plants for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors: the mevalonate pathway in the cytosol and a 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids, with 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) catalyzing the last step in the MEP pathway. In order to understand the contribution of MEP pathway in isoprenoid biosynthesis of Oncidium orchid, a full-length cDNA corresponding to HDR from the flower tissues of Oncidium Gower Ramsey was cloned. The deduced OncHDR amino acid sequence contains a plastid signal peptide at the N-terminus and four conserved cysteine residues. RT-PCR analysis of HDR in Oncidium flowering plants revealed ubiquitous expression in organs and tissues, with preferential expression in the floral organs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evolutionary conservation of the encoding HDR protein sequence. The genomic sequence of the HDR in Oncidium is similar to that in Arabidopsis, grape, and rice in structure. Successful complementation by OncHDR of an E. coli hdr ⁻ mutant confirmed its function. Transgenic tobacco carrying the OncHDR promoter-GUS gene fusion showed expression in most tissues, as well as in reproductive organs, as revealed by histochemical staining. Light induced strong GUS expression driven by the OncHDR promoter in transgenic tobacco seedlings. Taken together, our data suggest a role for OncHDR as a light-activated gene.     

蜻蜓凤梨花发育相关B类MADS-box基因克隆及表达分析

为探索MADS-box基因在凤梨花发育过程中的调控机制,通过设计简并引物,利用RACE技术,从蜻蜓凤梨花蕾中分离得到2个花发育相关B类MADS-box基因,分别命名为AfAP3和AfPI;AfAP3cDNA全长957bp,编码区编码226个氨基酸;AfPI cDNA全长808bp,编码区编码198个氨基酸,二者均具有典型的植物MADS-box蛋白结构.RT-PCR分析结果表明,AfAP3和AfPI基因主要在花器官中表达,在根系中也有微量表达;乙烯诱导后7d,AfPI基因在茎尖处开始有表达,表明此时蜻蜓凤梨花芽分化可能已经完成,AfAP3基因表达晚于AfPI.     

枸杞LbSPL6基因的克隆及表达分析

从实验室前期对枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)花发育过程转录组测序结果推测,枸杞Squamosa启动子结合蛋白(Squamosa promoter binding protein-like, SPL)转录因子可能在枸杞花发育过程中发挥重要功能。该研究以宁夏特色植物资源枸杞为材料,采用RACE方法克隆LbSPL6基因,通过生物信息学及基因表达分析对该基因进行初步研究。结果表明:(1)成功克隆获得LbSPL6基因,其开放阅读框全长1 524 bp,编码507个氨基酸,分子量为55.34 kD;序列分析表明LbSPL6蛋白中包含3个保守基序,且氨基酸序列与茄科植物同源蛋白的氨基酸序列高度相似。(2)qRT-PCR分析证实,LbSPL6基因在枸杞花器官中表达,并且在花药发育的四分体时期及单核花粉时期表达量较高;亚细胞定位实验证明,LbSPL6蛋白定位于细胞核中。该研究结果为进一步研究枸杞LbSPL6转录因子在花发育过程中的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。     

毛尖紫萼藓抗旱相关基因Gp-LEA的克隆与表达分析

以毛尖紫萼藓干旱cDNA文库中获得的一段与LEA基因同源性较高的EST序列为基础,采用RACE技术分离该基因cDNA全长序列,命名为Gp-LEA。Gp-LEA基因的cDNA全长814bp,开放阅读框456bp,编码含151个氨基酸蛋白质。生物信息学分析结果显示,Gp-LEA蛋白为稳定蛋白,分子质量为16.612kD,理论等电点（pI）为5.06,含有LEA₂功能结构域,不属于跨膜蛋白且不存在信号肽。系统发生分析表明,Gp-LEA基因编码蛋白与花旗松LEA蛋白亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析显示,Gp-LEA基因在复水和快速干旱模式下均能表达。推测Gp-LEA基因在毛尖紫萼藓的复水和干旱过程中起着重要作用。     

DFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologue gene from Dendranthema lavandulifolium is expressed both in the vegetative and reproductive tissues

FLO/LFY homologue genes were initially characterized as floral meristem identity genes and play a key role in flower development among diverse species. The inflorescence organization of chrysanthemum differs from typical dicotyledons such as Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum as clear sepals are absent, and instead, a pappus, a rudimentary sepal, is formed. To understand the mechanism of reproduction of chrysanthemum at the molecular level, DFL, a FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologous gene, was cloned from Dendranthema lavandulifolium, which is one of the original species of chrysanthemum. The DFL gene consists of a 1,236-bp open reading frame and encodes a putative protein of 412 amino acids, which is 63% identical to LFY and 70% to FLO. The expression patterns of DFL during the flower development were analyzed, and RT-PCR results showed that DFL was strongly expressed in the flower bud. In situ hybridization experiments showed that it is strongly expressed in the inflorescence bract, petal and stamen primordial tissues throughout the inflorescence development. Its expression signals were also detected in stems, leaf primordial tissues and developing inflorescence bracts.     

银杏bHLH91转录因子基因的克隆及表达分析

bHLH转录因子在植物的生长发育、胁迫应答和次生代谢中具有重要的调控作用。该研究通过PCR技术从银杏(Ginkgo biloba)叶中分离得到了一个bHLH基因的cDNA序列,并将其命名为GbbHLH91。序列分析结果显示扩增的GbbHLH91基因cDNA序列长度为1 425 bp,开放阅读框是1 065 bp,编码354个氨基酸,分子量为40.1 kDa,等电点为8.20。系统进化分析结果显示,从用于进化树构建的bHLH蛋白质聚类情况来看,银杏GbbHLH91蛋白与裸子植物油松(Pinus tabuliformis)bHLH蛋白亲缘关系最近,且与被子植物无油樟(Amborella trichopoda)bHLH蛋白相似性达到60%,表明该基因在进化过程中相对比较保守。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现银杏bHLH91基因在银杏的各个组织中均有表达,其中在银杏叶中表达量最高,在根和茎中基因的表达量次之,在银杏雌花和果中表达量较少,在雄花中的表达水平最低;GbbHLH91基因在不同发育时期的银杏叶片中,表达量也存在一定的差异,其中在4月中旬该基因的表达水平达到最高,而后随着叶片的生长发育,该基因的表达水平呈现下降趋势。该研究结果为进一步验证GbbHLH91基因的功能奠定了前期基础。     

续随子ElFAD2基因的序列及表达特性分析

为了研究油酸脱氢酶(FAD2)基因ElFAD2对续随子(Euphorbia lathyris L.)中不饱和脂肪酸合成的调控作用,该研究在续随子转录组数据的基础上经筛选获得ElFAD2基因序列,并对其序列及表达特性进行分析。序列分析结果显示,ElFAD2基因全长1 907 bp,ORF长1 152 bp,共编码383个氨基酸,包含有典型的脂肪酸去饱和酶结构域。续随子ElFAD2蛋白理论等电点为8.08,属于稳定蛋白,包含4个跨膜区和3个保守的组氨酸簇。基于FAD2的系统发育分析表明,续随子与同科植物乌桕(Triadica sebifera L.)的亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析发现,ElFAD2基因在不同器官中均有表达,且在花后15 d的种子中表达量最高,在叶与花后30 d及45 d种子中的表达量相当,而在根、茎、花中的表达量最低。该研究结果为深入探讨续随子ElFAD2基因的生物学功能提供了基础数据,也为解析续随子种子中脂肪酸合成的分子机制奠定了基础。     

刺五加甲羟戊酸焦磷酸脱羧酶基因的克隆与表达分析

利用RACE技术克隆刺五加甲羟戊酸焦磷酸脱羧酶(mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase,MDD)基因的全长cDNA序列,运用生物信息学方法对该基因进行分析,并通过RT-PCR法检测MDD在刺五加不同生长发育时期和不同器官中的表达情况。结果表明:(1)刺五加MDD基因cDNA序列全长1 769bp(GenBank登录号为JQ905594),开放阅读框全长1 263bp,编码420个氨基酸残基,包含GHMP激酶超家族的特异性识别序列;刺五加MDD蛋白的二级结构中含有161个α螺旋,占38.33%;68个延伸链,占16.19%;19个β折叠,占4.52%;172个无规则卷曲,占40.95%;刺五加MDD蛋白无跨膜区域,定位于膜外。(2)刺五加MDD基因在不同生长发育时期和器官中均有表达,但表达量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。在整个生长期中,MDD的表达呈现高-低-高-低的变化趋势,第一个表达高峰出现在萌芽期至叶片完全展开时,第二个高峰出现在果实体积快速增长期,最高表达量(叶片完全展开期)为最低表达量(叶片衰老期)的4.51倍;不同器官中,幼茎的表达量最高,为最低表达量(叶片)的7.22倍,但叶片、叶柄和根中的表达量差异不显著。研究结果为阐明刺五加皂苷的生物合成及对其进行表达调控奠定了基础。     

中国水仙NtSOC1基因克隆及亚细胞定位

以中国水仙‘金盏银台’为实验材料,采用RACE和RT-PCR技术获得1个与开花相关的转录因子(SOC1)的同源基因NtSOC1。NtSOC1的cDNA全长1 603bp,含有1个687bp开放阅读框,编码228个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,NtSOC1与单子叶植物的SOC1同源基因的氨基酸序列较为相似,且在C末端同样含有一个保守性很高的SOC1motif序列,说明NtSOC1是属于SOC1/TM3亚家族基因。荧光定量PCR分析显示,NtSOC1在花芽分化阶段的表达量随着花芽的分化而升高,花芽分化结束时减少,表明NtSOC1基因可能参与中国水仙的花芽分化。成功构建了NtSOC1基因表达载体pCAMBIA1302-NtSOC1,通过农杆菌转化洋葱表皮对编码蛋白进行亚细胞定位结果显示,NtSOC1基因编码蛋白定位于细胞核,符合转录因子的亚细胞定位特征。该实验结果为进一步研究NtSOC1基因的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Two members of the ERabp gene family are expressed differentially in reproductive organs but to similar levels in the coleoptile of maize

A Zea mays cDNA clone, ZmERabp4, coding for a new member of the auxin-binding protein family was isolated. The primary amino acid sequence contains an N-terminal hydrophobic leader sequence, a potential glycosylation site (Asn¹³⁶-Thr-Thr) and a C-terminal KDEL motif known to be responsible for retention of proteins within the lumen of the ER. The expression pattern of the ZmERabp4 gene in various organs of maize differs from the expression pattern previously observed for the ZmERabp1 gene. The ZmERabp4 gene is expressed highly in male flower organs, whereas the ZmERabp1 gene shows highest expression in female flower parts. In situ hybridization and analysis by laser scanning microscopy revealed enhanced levels of expression for both genes in the coleoptile when compared with the primary leaf of etiolated maize seedlings.