The impact of lower induction values of 50 Hz external electromagnetic fields on in vitro T lymphocyte adherence capabilities

Our research thus far has concerned the impact of external electromagnetic fields (50 Hz) and low (0.01-10 mT) induction on adherence capabilities of T lymphocytes obtained from the blood of patients with head and neck tumors. We know that the in vitro adherence capability of T lymphocytes towards surfaces in cancer patients is less than that of control. Previously, we have found that exposure to electromagnetic fields (50 Hz/0.01-10 mT) increases the capability of T lymphocytes, in larynx/pharynx cancer patients, to adhere in vitro to surfaces, achieving almost physiological values, in not only pre-treatment patients but also those receiving treatment in the course of follow-up. The capability of T lymphocytes in controls (voluntary blood donors) to adhere to surfaces was also increased (50 Hz/0.01-0.5 mT). The present study concentrates on the significance of the level of electromagnetic field induction in order to determine whether low induction values can restore T lymphocytes adherence capabilities. Testing a subset of 20 patients showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the in vitro adherence capacity of T lymphocytes between both 0.01 and 0.05, and 0.1 mT induction levels. In the control group (patients diagnosed with chronic sensorineural hearing loss) there was even a statistically significant difference between induction values of 0.05 and 0.01 mT. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was also achieved with induction levels of 1 and 10 mT compared to 0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 mT, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that lower induction values resulted in a more biologically significant response.     

The impact of lower induction values of 50 Hz external electromagnetic fields on in vitro T lymphocyte adherence capabilities

Our research thus far has concerned the impact of external electromagnetic fields (50 Hz) and low (0.01–10 mT) induction on adherence capabilities of T lymphocytes obtained from the blood of patients with head and neck tumors. We know that the in vitro adherence capability of T lymphocytes towards surfaces in cancer patients is less than that of control. Previously, we have found that exposure to electromagnetic fields (50 Hz/0.01–10 mT) increases the capability of T lymphocytes, in larynx/pharynx cancer patients, to adhere in vitro to surfaces, achieving almost physiological values, in not only pre-treatment patients but also those receiving treatment in the course of follow-up. The capability of T lymphocytes in controls (voluntary blood donors) to adhere to surfaces was also increased (50 Hz/0.01–0.5 mT).

The present study concentrates on the significance of the level of electromagnetic field induction in order to determine whether low induction values can restore T lymphocytes adherence capabilities.

Testing a subset of 20 patients showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the in vitro adherence capacity of T lymphocytes between both 0.01 and 0.05, and 0.1 mT induction levels. In the control group (patients diagnosed with chronic sensorineural hearing loss) there was even a statistically significant difference between induction values of 0.05 and 0.01 mT. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was also achieved with induction levels of 1 and 10 mT compared to 0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 mT, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that lower induction values resulted in a more biologically significant response.     

Effects of Sinusoidal 0.5 mT Magnetic Field on Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition

Exposure of T lymphocytes to an external 50 Hz and 0.5 mT magnetic field was investigated in vitro using leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay which is a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Adherence of T lymphocytes taken from healthy humans and from cancer patients before and after medical treatment is enhanced after 1 h exposure to the magnetic field. The experimental findings for the magnetic field 0.5 mT are compared with published data for 1 and 10 mT. The results are consistent with suggestions of magnetic field effects on immune function in humans.     

Targeted antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells by engineered Fas-mediated apoptosis

Immunity to tumors as well as to viral and bacterial pathogens is often mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Thus, the ability to induce a strong cell-mediated immune response is an important requirement of novel immunotherapies. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs), are specialized in initiating T-cell immunity. Harnessing this innate ability of these cells to acquire and present antigens, we sought to improve antigen presentation by targeting antigens directly to DCs in vivo through apoptosis. We engineered Fas-mediated apoptotic death of antigen-bearing cells in vivo by co-expressing the immunogen and Fas in the same cell. We then observed that the death of antigen-bearing cells results in increased antigen acquisition by APCs including DCs. This in vivo strategy led to enhanced antigen-specific CTLs, and the elaboration of T helper-1 (Th1) type cytokines and chemokines. This adjuvant approach has important implications for viral and nonviral delivery strategies for vaccines or gene therapies.     

Ability of human T lymphocytes to adhere to vascular endothelial cells and to augment endothelial permeability to macromolecules is linked to their state of post-thymic maturation

The accumulation of mononuclear cells at sites of chronic inflammation is dependent on a number of factors including localized adherence of lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells (EC), cytokine-mediated increased adhesiveness of endothelium, chemotactic factors and endothelial permeability. The present study investigates two of the above attributes of lymphocyte-EC interaction: namely, the ability of maturationally distinct subpopulations of human T lymphocytes to adhere to vascular EC and to increase vascular endothelial permeability to macromolecules in an in vitro model. Thus, human T lymphocytes were separated into CD4+ CD8-helper/inducer, CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor, CD29+ CD45RA- CD45RO+ memory, and CD29- CD45RA+ CD45RO- naive/virgin T subpopulations, were activated with PHA and PMA, and then examined for their adherence to EC and also for their effect on endothelial permeability. Upon activation, cells within each of the above four subpopulations exhibited increased adherence to EC. In contrast, resting CD29+ CD45RA- CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes exhibited two to three times greater ability to adhere to EC than their CD29- CD45RA+ CD45RO- naive/virgin counterparts. Consistent with their increased adherence to EC, CD29+ CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes, when activated, significantly increased endothelial permeability to albumin. Although activated CD45RA+ naive T lymphocytes exhibited increased adherence to EC, these cells failed to increase significantly endothelial permeability. Similar to their polyclonal counterparts, Ag-specific CD4+ CD29+ CD45RO+ T cell clones, but not their actively released mediators, also increased endothelial permeability via a noncytolytic mechanism(s). This ability of CD29+ CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes to augment endothelial permeability may facilitate their transendothelial migration into extravascular space. These observations may provide additional insights into molecular mechanism(s) underlying pathophysiology of localized chronic inflammatory responses in general and more specifically selective accumulation of CD29+/CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes at sites of chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid synovium.     

Down-regulation of zeta chain and zeta-associated protein 70 (Zap 70) expression in circulating T lymphocytes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate zeta chain and Zap 70 expression in T lymphocytes of patients with laryngeal cancer in relation to surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: This study investigated, by dual-color flow cytometry, zeta chain and Zap 70 expression in the circulating T lymphocytes of 13 patients with laryngeal cancer patients before and after surgical treatment. RESULTS: Patients exhibited a significant lower expression of both zeta chain and Zap 70 compared to healthy normal controls; no statistical differences were observed after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation seem to indicate that both the zeta chain and the Zap 70 expression in circulating T lymphocytes are down-regulated in patients with laryngeal cancer and that these changes do not immediately return to normal after surgery. Flow cytometry analysis may represent an easy-to-use procedure for monitoring the immune status of patients with laryngeal cancer.     

Durable Suppression of HIV-1 after Virologic Monitoring-Based Antiretroviral Adherence Counseling in Rakai,Uganda

ObjectivesHIV viral load is recommended for monitoring antiretroviral treatment and identifying treatment failure. We assessed the durability of viral suppression after viral load-triggered adherence counseling among patients with HIV viremia 6 months after ART initiation.DesignObservational cohort enrolled in an antiretroviral treatment program in rural Uganda.MethodsParticipants who underwent routine viral load determination every 24 weeks and had at least 48 weeks of follow-up were included in this analysis. Patients with viral loads >400 copies/ml at 24 weeks of treatment were given additional adherence counseling, and all patients were followed to assess the duration of viral suppression and development of virologic failure.Results1,841 participants initiating antiretroviral therapy were enrolled in the Rakai Health Sciences Program between June 2005 and June 2011 and were followed with viral load monitoring every 24 weeks. 148 (8%) of patients did not achieve viral suppression at 24 weeks and were given additional adherence counseling. 85 (60%) of these patients had undetectable viral loads at 48 weeks, with a median duration of viral suppression of 240 weeks (IQR 193-288 weeks). Failure to achieve an undetectable viral load at 48 weeks was associated with age <30 years and 24 week viral load >2,000 copies/ml in multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with persistent viremia who were provided adherence counseling achieved robust viral suppression for a median 4.6 years. Access to virologic monitoring and adherence counseling is a priority in resource-limited settings.     

病毒性心肌炎与支原体肺炎患儿心肌损伤标志物水平的检验意义

目的:探讨病毒性心肌炎与支原体肺炎患者心肌损伤标志物水平检测意义。方法:回顾性分析医院收治的病毒性心肌炎患儿53例和肺炎支原体肺炎患儿49例分别作为病毒性心肌炎组和支原体肺炎组,选取同期体检正常儿童50例作为对照组,分别检测心肌酶指标和心肌蛋白指标。结果:病毒性心肌炎组心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tnl)、肌红蛋白(MYO)显著高于支原体肺炎组、对照组,差异显著(P0.05);支原体肺炎组和对照组组间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。病毒性心肌炎组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)均显著高于支原体肺炎组、对照组,差异显著(P0.05);支原体肺炎组、对照组组间对比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组入院10 d c Tnl、MYO均低于入院第1 d,具有统计学意义(P0.05);病毒性心肌炎组入院第10 d c Tnl、MYO显著高于支原体肺炎组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组入院10 d CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH均低于入院第1 d,具有统计学意义(P0.05);病毒性心肌炎组入院第10 d CK、CK-MB、AST显著高于支原体肺炎组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据ROC曲线分析临床性能,c Tnl、MYO、CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH的临界值分别为0.38μg/L、56.2μg/L、236.58 U/L、32.8 U/L、71.6 U/L、232.8 U/L,灵敏度分别为82.7%、85.4%、84.8%、89.6%、90.2、79.8%。结论:心肌损伤标志物可作为诊断病毒性心肌炎和支原体肺炎的重要指标,应用ROC回归曲线确定各指标的临界值,还可对两种疾病进行鉴别诊断。     

阿莫西林联合甲强龙治疗老年支气管肺炎患者的临床效果及机制分析

目的：探讨阿莫西林联合甲强龙治疗老年支气管肺炎患者的临床效果及其可能的作用机制。方法：选取我院呼吸科收治的 老年支气管肺炎患者84例,根据治疗方案不同分为常规组及试验组。比较两组患者治疗前后临床体征、IgA、IgM、IgG、CD4+及 CD8+T 淋巴细胞、NK 细胞及血清LDH3、LDH4、HBDH水平的变化情况。结果：治疗后,试验组咳喘、高热、肺内干湿罗音的恢复 时间明显短于常规组,IgA、IgM、IgG、LDH、HBDH、NK 细胞及CD8+T 淋巴细胞水平明显低于常规组,CD4+T 淋巴细胞水平明显 高于常规组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：阿莫西林联合甲强龙可有效快速改善老年支气管肺炎患者的临床症状,这可 能与其降低IgA、IgM、IgG、LDH、HBDHNK 细胞及CD8+T 淋巴细胞水平及提高CD4+T 淋巴细胞水平有关。     

芪菊袋泡茶在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉功能性鼻内镜术后的临床疗效

目的:评估芪菊袋泡茶对功能性鼻内镜术(FESS)术后的临床疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将纳入观察的FESS术后患者分为两组,对照组为常规处理,治疗组在常规处理的基础上给予芪菊袋泡茶雾化吸入及饮用:术后6h开始予芪菊袋泡茶治疗,以芪菊袋泡茶一袋配30 mL饮用水,作雾化吸入,另予一袋配100 mL饮用水泡服,每天2次,雾化联合饮用共1周。雾化疗程结束后,则以每次2袋,每天2次泡服,再饮用2周,并随访12周。比较两组间鼻窦炎相关症状(包括鼻塞、头痛、面痛、嗅觉障碍、鼻涕)评分、鼻腔粘膜改变和术腔上皮化程度、术后咽喉部症状(包括咽痛、异物感、排痰、咳嗽)评分。结果:术后2、4、8、12周,治疗组鼻窦炎相关症状总评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在术后4、8、12周鼻腔粘膜评分、上皮化程度较对照组显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在术后1d、3d咽喉部症状总评分、咽痛和异物感症状评分显著较对照组改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:芪菊袋泡茶在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉FESS术后能取得良好的临床疗效,明显改善术后症状,值得临床推广。     

GDP与ICE 方案对淋巴瘤患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA 及CA199水平的影响

目的:观察和比较GDP与ICE方案对淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、胸苷激酶1(TK1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及糖类抗原199(CA199)水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的淋巴瘤患者76例,随机分为GDP组(39例)与ICE组(37例),分别采用吉西他滨联合顺铂及地塞米松方案和异环磷酰胺联合顺铂及美司那静滴方案治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平的变化情况。结果:治疗后,GDP组与ICE组的总有效率分别为65.4%和58.7%,GDP组有效率高于ICE组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且GDP组患者的血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:GDP方案治疗淋巴瘤的疗效与ICE方案相当,但其能够明显降低患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平。     

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens processed and presented by B cells, B blasts, and macrophages trigger T-cell-mediated inhibition of EBV-induced B-cell transformation.

The ability of B cells, B blasts, and macrophages to present Epstein-Barr virion antigens to autologous T cells and trigger their capacity to inhibit Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation was tested. Macrophages were as efficient as B cells and B blasts in presenting the virus to T lymphocytes. This function required antigen processing, because it was inhibited by chloroquine treatment and by fixation of the antigen-presenting cells immediately after viral exposure but not 18 h later. T cells exposed to the purified Epstein-Barr virus envelope antigen gp350 coupled to immunostimulating complexes also showed inhibitory function. These results suggest that recognition of processed virion antigens elicits the generation of T-cell-mediated inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation.     

Functional and immunological characterization of the stimulation of human lymphocytes with a mitogen from group A streptococci (SM)

Streptococcal mitogen (SM), an extracellular product of group A streptococci, is non specifically mitogenic for both B and T lymphocytes. The mitogenic activity of SM is resistant to digestion with trypsin, to heating at 100 °C for 5 min, and to treatment with dithiothreitol. The proliferative response of lymphocytes from patients with a history of rheumatic fever is similar to that of lymphocytes from healthy donors when stimulated with optimal concentrations of SM, but is significantly reduced when low doses of SM are used. T lymphocytes stimulated with SM acquire Ia antigens and the ability to stimulate allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions. An involvement of Ia antigens in these reactions is indicated by the specific block by monoclonal antibodies to human Ia antigens.     

Prognostic value of the immunological phenomena and relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor--the expression of the early CD69+, CD71+ and the late CD25+, CD26+, HLA/DR+ activation markers on T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Part II

One of the most important challenges in contemporary oncology is to find objective biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness, which help to identify more invasive phenotypes of the carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the early and the late activation markers expression on T CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells subpopulations and certain clinicopathological characteristics of the neoplastic infiltration in order to determine their role as biomarkers for tumor behavior in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Analysis of the early (CD69(+), CD71(+)) and the late activation antigens (CD25(+) (high), CD26(+), HLA/DR(+)) expression on T CD4+ and CD8(+) lymphocytes by cytofluorymetry in 55 patients treated for squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma was performed. Clinicomorphological analysis on the basis of TNM criteria and tumor front grading, which included tumor-related features and adjacent stroma-related characteristics of the peripheral edge of infiltration was carried out. The relationships between the activation markers expression and parameters of tumor aggressiveness were investigated. Our work revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of the studied activation markers on T cells with regard to certain clinicomorphological features. The expressions of CD69(+) and CD71(+) antigens on T CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells as well as CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) markers were higher for pT3 and pT4 tumors, in comparison with pT2 carcinomas. Moreover, tumors with the smallest number of TFG points were characterized by significantly lower values of the average expression of CD3(+)CD69(+) and CD3(+)CD71(+) as well as CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) markers on T lymphocytes. In addition, more aggressive and deeply infiltrating laryngeal carcinomas were most often characterized by significantly higher values of the average expression of CD69(+) and CD71(+) antigens on CD8(+) as well as HLA/DR(+) markers on CD4(+). Our study confirmed the implication of the early and the late activation antigens expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in clinicomorphological parameters of the tumor, especially TFG total score and depth of invasion, and their importance as indicators of the invasive phenotype of laryngeal carcinoma.     

Proseal与Slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果比较

目的:比较proseal与slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果。方法:收集我院收治的68例胆囊行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为A组和B组,每组各34例,A组患者应用slipa喉罩,B组患者应用proseal喉罩进行麻醉。观察并比较两组患者各时间点血压、心率水平,患者麻醉时间、苏醒时间、喉罩插入时间与拔除时间以及患者的不良反应发生率。结果:与喉罩置入前相比,两组患者手术中收缩压(SBP)以及舒张压(DBP)水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者各时间点的血压以、心率、麻醉时间及苏醒时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与B组相比,A组患者的喉罩插入时间较长,喉罩沾血的发生率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Pro seal与Slipa喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果相当,但Slipa喉罩的插入时间以及喉罩沾血的发生率更高。     

Effect of interleukin-2 on the monomeric IgG-induced inhibition of human natural killer cell activity

Monomeric IgG (mIgG) has been previously shown to inhibit human natural killer (NK) cell activity when effector cells were treated prior to the cytotoxic assay. In the present study the interaction between negative regulation by mIgG and positive regulation by interleukin-2 (IL-2) was examined. Although a dose-dependent boosting of NK activity was found upon incubation of nonadherent lymphocytes (NAL) with recombinant or natural IL-2 for 2 h at 37 degrees C, the NK effector cells remained responsive to down-regulation to mIgG. However, when NAL were treated with IL-2 under supraoptimal conditions (higher doses and longer periods of incubation than required for optimal boosting of NK activity) the subsequent addition of mIgG had a significantly reduced inhibitory effect. This partial resistance to suppression by inhibitory IgG was observed only when the second treatment was performed without washing the IL-2-pretreated effector cells. Moreover, addition of antihuman interferon gamma antibodies during the incubation of NAL with IL-2 almost abolished the loss of responsiveness of the IL-2-activated killer cells to mIgG-induced inhibition. These data provide additional evidence for the ability of interferon gamma to reverse or block the down-regulation of NK activity by mIgG.     

beta-Endorphin-like peptide SLTCLVKGFY is a selective agonist of nonopioid beta-endorphin receptor

It has been found that beta-endorphin (beta-END) and a synthetic beta-END-like decapeptide Ser-Leu-Thr-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr (termed immunorphin, IMN) corresponding to the sequence 364-373 of human IgG heavy chain stimulate Con A-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy donors. [Met(5)]enkephalin ([Met(5)]ENK) and an antagonist of opioid receptors naloxone (NAL) tested in parallel were not active. The stimulating effect of beta-END and IMN on T lymphocyte proliferation was not inhibited by NAL. Studies on receptor binding of (125)I-labeled IMN to T lymphocytes revealed that it binds with high affinity to NAL-insensitive binding sites (K(d) = 7.0 +/- 0.3 nM). Unlabeled beta-END completely inhibited the specific binding of (125)I-labeled IMN to NAL-insensitive binding sites on T lymphocytes (K(i) = 1.1 +/- 0.2 nM). Thus, beta-END and IMN bind to common NAL-insensitive binding sites on T lymphocytes and enhance Con A-induced proliferation of these cells.     

术中不同速率输注右美托咪定在全凭静脉麻醉中的量效关系研究

目的：以脑电双频指数（bispectral index,BIS）作为麻醉镇静程度指标,探讨不同速率输注右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine,DEX）对全凭静脉麻醉中丙泊酚用量,术中重要时点血液动力学及麻醉恢复质量的影响。方法：选择拟于全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者60例（ASAI～II级）,根据DEX输注速率不同随机分为四组,即D1、D2、D3和D4组,每组15例,麻醉诱导前四组均给予负荷剂量DEX0．5μg·kg-1,10min输注完毕,继而四组分别以0．2、0．4、0．6和0．8μg·kg^-1·h^-1输注速度持续输注至冲洗腹腔。四组麻醉诱导方法相同,术中以BIS作为麻醉深度指标,根据BIS值调节丙泊酚血浆靶浓度维持麻醉。记录入室用药前（T0）、DEX负荷量输注后（T1）、气腹即刻（T2）、气腹后5min（T3）、气腹后30min（T4）、解除气腹后5min（T5）、拔喉罩即刻（T6）、拔喉罩后1min（T7）时收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、丙泊酚平均用量、苏醒时间、拔喉罩时间、拔喉罩后15rainOAA／s评分、术中及术后24小时内不良反应的发生情况。结果：①D2、D3、D4组丙泊酚平均用量较D1组明显减少（P〈0．05）,D3、D4组丙泊酚平均用量较D：组明显减少（P〈0．05）。D3、D4组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②与T0比较,Tl～T2时四组SBP、DBP、HR降低（P〈0．05）,T3～T4时D3、D4组SBP、DBP、HR降低（P〈0．05）,D1、D2组SBP、DBP无明显变化（P〉0．05）,T5～T7时四组SBP、DBP、HR降低（P〈0．05）;D3、D4组在T3～T4时SBP、DBP较D1、D2组明显降低（P〈O．05）,D1、D2两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,D3、D4两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③D4组苏醒时间、拔喉罩时间、较Dlq组明显延长（P〈0．05）,D4组OAA／s评分较D1-3组明显降低（P〈0．05）。④D4组使用阿托品次数较D1-3组明显增多（P〈0．05）,四组术中使用麻黄碱次数和术后24小时内恶心、呕吐、寒战差异无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：在妇科腹腔镜手术中,DEX作为全身麻醉辅助用药,负荷剂量0．5μg·kg-1,术中持续输注速率0．4μg·kg-1·h-1可以有效降低丙泊酚用量,使围手术期的血流动力学保持平稳,不延长苏醒时间和拔喉罩时间,且不良反应更少,值得临床推广应用。     

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymatic analysis of murine lymphocyte populations: a parameter of cellular differentiation.

The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern has been determined in different murine lymphocytic cell populations. In each cell population, the LDH activity was predominantly found in the LDH-4 and LDH-5 fractions. The percentage LDH-5 activity was significantly higher in B cells than in T cells. The same is true for lymphocytes from the spleen versus lymph node lymphocytes. The percentage LDH-5 activity is significantly higher in peripheral T lymphocytes than in thymocytes. Enrichment of the more mature thymocytes of the thymocyte cell pool by either cortisone treatment in vivo or gradient centrifugation on bovine serum albumin (BSA) results in a decrease of LDH-1 and LDH-2 fractions. In the cortisone-treated group, the shift in the LDH pattern is accompanied by a significant increase of LDH-5 and LDH-4 fractions, whereas in the BSA group only the LDH-4 fraction increases.