工布乌头中生物碱成分研究

从工布乌头 (AconitumkongboenseLauener)的块根中分得 9个已知的C19 二萜生物碱 :塔拉萨敏 (talatisamine) 1,黄草乌碱丁 (sachaconitine) 2 ,大渡乌碱 (franchetine) 3,vilmorrisine 4 ,滇乌碱 (yunaconi tine) 5 ,印乌碱 (indaconitine) 6 ,查斯曼宁 (chasmanine) 7,伪乌头宁 (pseudaconine) 8和 8 去乙酰滇乌碱 (8 deacetyl yunaconitine) 9。并用光谱法和与已知品TLC对照 ,鉴定了所有化合物的结构。     

工布乌头根中的二萜生物碱

工布乌头（ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｋｏｎｇｂｏｅｎｓｅＬａｕｅｎｅｒ）系毛茛科乌头属植物,分布于西藏及四川西部,其块根有剧毒,泡酒外用可治疗跌打损伤和毒虫咬伤［１］。Ｙｕｅ等［２］、王锋鹏等［３］和庞志功等［４］曾从该植物分离到５个二萜生物碱。本文报道从四川产工布乌头的块根分离出的４个二萜生物碱。根据ＭＳ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等波谱分析,确定其中一个微量成分为新Ｃ１９－二萜生物碱,命名为工布生（ｋｏｎｇｂｏｅｎｓｉｎｅ,１）另外３个已知化合物分别鉴定为瓜叶乌碱甲素（２）、印乌碱（３）和它拉乌头胺…     

丽江乌头中的一个新二萜生物碱

从丽江乌头根中分离、鉴定了三个二萜生物碱成分,其中碱Ⅰ、碱Ⅱ分别为已知成分阿克诺辛(aconosine)和嘟拉碱(dolaconine);碱Ⅲ为一新的C_(18)-型二萜生物碱,从MS、IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR等光谱数据推定了其结构,并命名为丽日碱甲(liconosine A)。     

拟螺距翠雀花中的新二萜生物碱

从拟螺距翠雀花的根中分离、鉴定了六个二萜生物碱成分,其中三个为已知成分,分别为methyllycaconitine(1)、ajacine(2)和delsemine(3);另三个为新二萜生物碱,分别命名为螺翠碱甲(bulleyanitine A)、螺翠碱乙(bulleyanitine B)和螺翠碱丙(bulleyanitine C),纤MS、IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及DEPT等光谱的解析证明其化学结构分别为(4)、(5)、(6)。     

黑顺片的二萜生物碱成分

常用中药川乌、附子为毛莨科乌头属植物乌头(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.)的母根和子根.从附子的加工炮制品黑顺片中分离鉴定了5种C19乌头碱型二萜生物碱和1个C20纳哌啉型二萜生物碱.通过MS、NMR、IR等波谱分析和已知化合物数据对照,分别鉴定为次乌头碱(1)、尼奥宁(2)、塔拉地萨敏(3)、多根乌头碱(4)、异塔拉萨定(5)和去氢松果灵(6).     

两色乌头中新的二萜生物碱

从我国东北的民间草药两色乌头(Aconitum albo-violaceumKom.)分得四种新的C_(1(?))二萜生物碱:两色乌碱甲(alboviolaconitine A),两色乌碱乙(alboviolaconitine B),两色乌碱丙(alboviolaconitine C)和两色乌碱丁(alboviolaconitine D)。在分析各自的IR,MS,~1H和~(13)CNMR数据的基础上,又分别用化学方法转为已知衍生物确定它们的结构为1,2,3和4。     

中国乌头属植物药用亲缘学研究

毛莨科Ranunculaceae乌头属Aconitum L．植物作为有毒植物及药用植物一直受到广泛的关注。本属全世界约有300余种,其中超过半数分布在中国。本文在总结乌头属二萜生物碱的化学分类及其分布、特征性二萜生物碱及其分类价值以及二萜生物碱的生源关系及其分类学意义的基础上,结合其毒性和疗效讨论了国产乌头属植物亲缘关系、化学成分和疗效及毒性之间的相关性,亦即药用亲缘学的初步研究。发现牛扁亚属subgen．Lycoctonum是以牛扁碱和C18-二萜生物碱为主的类群,由于其毒性中等,因而是寻找镇痛、抗炎等新药的一个对象。从二萜生物碱化学成分来看,露蕊乌头亚属subgen．Gymnaconitum并不显得最为进化,对其分类位置尚难作出最后的结论。乌头亚属subgen．Aconitum亚属下系之间的化学分类表现出如下特征：（1）唐古特乌头系ser．Tangutica和圆叶乌头系set．Rotundifolia是以内酯型二萜生物碱为主的类群,毒性较小,是新药寻找的重点研究类群。保山乌头系ser．Bullatifolia以C20-二萜生物碱如光翠雀碱和宋果灵以及C19-二萜生物碱如乌头碱、滇乌碱和尼奥灵等为主。短柄乌头系see Brachypoda显示以3-乙酰乌头碱、乌头碱、伏乌碱等高度进化的乌头碱型二萜生物碱为主,胺醇类如尼奥灵次之,有时共存其他纳哌啉型C20-二萜生物碱的特征。准噶尔乌头系ser．Grandituberosa的化学特征是以高度进化的乌头碱型如乌头碱等和比较原始的胺醇如塔拉萨敏、尼奥灵等以及C20-二萜生物碱为主,均有较大毒性。褐紫乌头系ser．Brunnea则以C20-二萜生物碱如光翠雀碱和宋果灵为主,杂有高度进化的乌头碱型二萜生物碱如乌头碱等成分。化学分类上不支持其独立成为一个分支。以上各系组成乌头亚属的原始和中间过渡类群。其中唐古特乌头系和圆叶乌头系最为相近,褐紫乌头系可能是连接保山乌头系和短柄乌头系的“桥梁”,而准噶尔乌头系更靠近保山乌头系。（2）显柱乌头系set．Stylosa是以含大茴香酸酯基的乌头碱型二萜生物碱以及塔拉萨敏和查斯曼宁胺醇类为主的类群,是块根较大的“大乌头”的主要来源,具有很大的毒性。兴安乌头系ser．Ambigua以含大茴香酸酯基的乌头碱型和原始胺醇类如塔拉萨敏、尼奥灵等二萜生物碱为主。蔓乌头系ser．Volubilia是以含大茴香酸酯基／苯甲酸酯基的乌头碱型和塔拉萨敏胺醇类以及高度进化的乌头碱型二萜生物碱为主的中间过渡类群。乌头系ser．Inflata以含15-羟基的单酯、双酯或多酯以及胺醇类鸟头碱型二萜生物碱为主,且酯基中无大茴香酸酯基,此系是草乌的主要植物来源,具有很大的毒性,应十分慎用。这些系可能代表乌头亚属进化的类群。其中显柱乌头系与兴安乌头系可能较近缘。蔓乌头系可能是连接显柱乌头系／兴安乌头系与乌头系的中间类群。另外,保山乌头系、短柄乌头系和准噶尔乌头系可能是直接向显柱乌头系、蔓乌头系和乌头系过渡的较为原始的类群。（3）岩乌头系set．Racemulosa从化学分类角度来看是一个特殊的类群,支持其独立成一个分支。其化学特征以牛扁碱型和乌头碱型的胺醇二萜生物碱如牛扁碱、异塔拉萨亭定和C20-二萜生物碱为主。如果单纯从化学成分来看,它与牛扁亚属植物似乎有一定关系。     

紫草乌中生物碱成分及其对H9c2细胞毒性研究

为了解我国特有药用乌头种紫草乌(Aconitum episcopale)的生物碱类化学成分及其对大鼠心脏细胞H9c2的细胞毒性,从紫草乌中分离出10个C19-二萜生物碱,根据理化性质和波谱数据,其结构分别鉴定为滇乌碱(1)、粗茎乌头碱甲(2)、黄草乌碱丙(3)、黄草乌碱甲(4)、丽乌亭(5)、猎鹰乌头碱(6)、14-O-乙酰萨卡可尼亭(7)、萨卡可尼亭(8)、查斯曼宁(9)和展毛黄草乌碱A (10)。化合物5、6和10为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1～4、6～7和9～10对大鼠心脏细胞H9c2增殖的半数抑制浓度为163.8～341.6μg/m L,表明紫草乌中的生物碱对H9c2细胞具有毒性作用。     

小白撑根部二萜生物碱研究

从小白撑(Aconitum nagarum var.heterotrichum)根部分离出5个二萜生物碱,其结构通过光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为光翠雀碱(1),宋果灵(2),乌头碱(3),去氧乌头碱(4),和滇乌碱(5)。     

细叶草乌的二萜生物碱成分研究

对细叶草乌(Aconitum macrorhynchum)中的二萜生物碱进行研究.利用反复硅胶柱层析、重结晶等分离方法从中分离得到了5个二萜生物碱,用有机波谱学和理化常数测定鉴定了其结构,分别是:查斯曼宁(chas-manine,1)、塔拉萨敏(talatisamine,2)、滇乌碱( yunaconitine,3)、印乌碱(indaeonoitine,4)、粗茎乌碱甲(crassi-cauline A,5)、同时还得到β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,6)和β-胡萝卜苷(β-daueosterol,7).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

The Structure of △"-Dehydroaloperine

A new alkaloid named ll-dehydroaloperine was isolated from the leaves and stalks of Sophora alopecuroides L. during flowering. Total alkaloid was obtained by diluted acid percolation and cation-exchange resin, then the new alkaloid was obtained via various polar solvent extraction under various pH value and Al2O3 column chromatography. The new alkaloid was proved to be analogous to aloperine through UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. Its structure was further identified by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1H cosy spectrum, NOE as well as by some other chemical methods.     

Diterpenoid alkaloids of Aconitum vulparia Rchb

From the roots of Aconitum vulparia Rchb., collected in Prüm (Germany), a new norditerpenoid alkaloid, named alexhumboldtine, has been isolated along with the known norditerpenoid alkaloids lappaconitine, anthranoyllycoctonine, lycoctonine, puberaconitine, ajacine, and septentriodine. The structure of alexhumboldtine was established on the basis of 1H, 13C, DEPT, homonuclear 1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR studies. From the aerial parts of the plant another norditerpenoid alkaloid, aconorine, has been isolated.     

展毛短柄乌头中的一个新二萜生物碱

从展毛短柄乌头(Aconitum brachypodum var.laxiflorum Fletcher et Lauener)根中分离鉴定了五个二萜生物碱,其中四个为已知成分,分别为乌头碱(aconitine)、3-去氧乌头碱(3-deoxyaconitine)、3-乙酰乌头碱(3-acetylaconitine)、雪乌碱(penduline),另一个为新成分,命名为丽鲁碱(laxiconitine),其结构通过光谱分析及化学反应测定如(1)。     

中国的紫堇属延胡索亚属的分类、分布、演化趋势及其用途

延胡索亚属（Capnites DC）是紫堇属中较进化的一群,不少种类有药用价值。约57种,中国有17种,3变种,10变型。     

Neopetrosiamine A,biologically active bis-piperidine alkaloid from the Caribbean sea sponge Neopetrosia proxima

A new tetracyclic bis-piperidine alkaloid, neopetrosiamine A (1), has been extracted from the marine sponge Neopetrosia proxima collected off the west coast of Puerto Rico. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data coupled with careful comparisons of its ¹H and ¹³C NMR data with those of a well-known 3-alkylbis-piperidine alkaloid model. The new alkaloid displayed strong in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines as well as in vitro inhibitory activity against the pathogenic microbes Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum.     

Uraline, a new norditerpenoid alkaloid from aerial parts of Delphinium uralense nevski

Uraline, a new norditerpenoid alkaloid, was isolated from aerial parts of Delphinium uralense. The structure of 1alpha,7,8-trihydroxy-6beta,14alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-18-N-(2-methyl)succinylanthranoyloxyaconane was ascribed to the new compound on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The known alkaloids methyllycaconitine and delcorine were also isolated from the plant.     

A new alkaloid from south african Conium species

Recent screening of South African Conium species for alkaloids as part of taxonomic studies has yielded γ-coniceine, coniine, methylconiine, conhydrine and a new alkaloid N-methylpseudoconhydrine. The relative stereochemistry of N-methylpseudoconhydrine was ascertained by ¹H NMR decoupling experiments. This latter alkaloid was found in significant amounts in the leaf and stem of some plants investigated and was the major alkaloid along with conhydrine in the leaf and stem of one group of high altitude plants. These plants also contained significant amounts of volatile oil, the major monoterpene being myrcene.     

Isolation of the ergot (Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul., strain VKM-F-366D), producing the lactamic alkaloid ergocornam

A new ergot strain VKM-F-3662D producing lactamic alkaloid ergocornam with concomitant alkaloids valinamide and ergometrine was isolated during selective works with sclerotium MS-462, which was obtained from ergocryptine ergot strain VKM-F-2642D. The structure of these alkaloids was determined by 1H and 13C NMR.     

A zwitterionic alkaloid, containing a rare cyclopentadienyl anion unit, from the stem barks of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq

A new Daphniphyllum alkaloid daphnicyclidin L (1), containing a rare cyclopentadienyl anion, which is stabilized as a zwitterion by an internal iminium counterion, was isolated from the stem barks of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., together with four known alkaloids: daphnicyclidin D (2), daphnicyclidin H (3), deoxyyuzurimine (4), and yuzurimine (5). The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The configuration of 1 was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography.     

First theophylline-based ratiometric fluorescent synthetic receptor for selective recognition of dihydrogenphosphate and biological phosphate ions

We have developed a new ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor 1 based on xanthine alkaloid theophylline moiety for the detection of dihydrogen phosphate and ATP. The chemosensor 1 selectively recognizes tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate in CH(3)CN/H(2)O (9:1) by exhibiting a significant decrease in the emission of naphthalene and its sensing properties regarding ATP and other related phosphate species were evaluated. The anion binding properties of 1 were evaluated by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods.