人胎肾和人胎肺细胞对肠道病毒的易感性

猴肾细咆和人羊膜细胞虽然对大多数类型的肠道病毒易感,但由于猴肾细胞来源有限和人羊膜细胞制备的成功率较低,昕以需要寻求其他更合适的细胞来代替。为了确定人胎肾和人胎啼细胞在肠道病毒工作中的使用价值,本文较系统地比较了这两种细胞对晒遒病毒的易感性。实验证明,除了Co～ckie B2和H4型病毒,ECHO 9、18、20和2 7型病毒在人胎肾细胞及ECHO、22和23型病毒在人胎肺细胞的滴度不够理想外,这两种细胞对所研究的其余类型的病毒都较易感。大多数类型的肠道病毒不但能在人胎肾和人胎肺细胞中培养和传代,而且原有皿凝者仍能保持其血凝特性。用猴肾、人胎肾和人胎肺细胞从122份粪便标本分离病毒,结果共有64份标本阳性。其中用猴肾细胞分离得到阳性结果的有;4份,用人胎肾细胞有56份,用人胎肺细胞有51份。猴肾细胞对脊髓灰质炎病毒比人胎肾和人胎肺细胞易感,而人胎肾和人胎肺细胞对某些非脊髓灰质炎病毒比猴肾细胞易感。实验结果表明,在肠道病毒的工作中可以应用这两种细胞培养来代替猴肾细胞培养。     

藏山羊与藏绵羊肺组织结构的对比研究

为了探讨藏山羊（Capra hircus）与藏绵羊（Ovis aries）在高原低氧环境中肺组织结构的差异,采用Gomori醛品红染色及H.E染色对藏山羊和藏绵羊肺组织进行对比研究。结果表明,藏山羊与藏绵羊肺被膜厚度无显著差异（P > 0.05）,但肺被膜中弹力纤维藏山羊显著多于藏绵羊（P < 0.05）。肺泡面积藏山羊与藏绵羊无显著差异（P > 0.05）,但肺泡隔宽度和肺泡隔中毛细血管的数量藏山羊显著高于藏绵羊（P < 0.05）。肺细支气管黏膜皱襞厚度藏山羊与藏绵羊无显著差异（P > 0.05）,但细支气管平滑肌厚度藏山羊显著高于藏绵羊,细支气管黏膜上皮1 mm2中杯状细胞数量藏山羊显著高于藏绵羊（P < 0.05）。外径小于100 μm的肺微动脉中,藏山羊血管平滑肌占外径百分比显著高于藏绵羊（P < 0.05）,而当外径大于100 μm时,两者间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env构建及引起NIH3T3细胞恶性转化的研究

为了构建绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜基因真核表达质粒并观察绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜蛋白在293T细胞中的定位情况以及探讨是否可诱导NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化,本研究采用RT-PCR技术从自然感染绵羊肺腺瘤病的病羊肺组织中克隆完整的外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜基因(exJSRV-env),并将其亚克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中。构建好真核表达质粒经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定。同时对exJSRV-env基因进行生物信息学分析。采用脂质体法将该重组质粒转染293T细胞,观察其在真核细胞中的表达及定位情况。将该重组质粒转染NIH3T3细胞,观察细胞是否发生恶性转化。用软琼脂集落实验检查转染重组质粒的NIH3T3细胞的生长状态。结果显示真核表达质粒构建成功并命名为pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env。exJSRV囊膜蛋白的氨基酸序列与参考株比对发现该囊膜基因的跨膜区(TM区)的胞质尾区具有外源性病毒特有的YXXM基序。系统进化树也表明我们克隆的exJSRV-env基因属于致病性的外源性病毒。运用生物信息学技术分析env基因编码的蛋白质的基本性质,并预测其可能的结构。亚细胞定位表明exJSRV囊膜蛋白主要分布于细胞膜。转染pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env质粒的NIH3T3细胞接触抑制性消失,可在软琼脂中形成集落。说明绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的囊膜蛋白可引起NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化。研究结果为进一步探讨exJSRV囊膜蛋白的结构和功能及其致病机理提供了实验基础。     

不同培养体系对绵羊类胚胎干细胞分离、传代的影响

以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)为饲养层, 研究了用Knockout血清替代品(Knockout serum replacement, KSR)代替胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cells, ES cell)培养液中的胎牛血清(FBS)和向含KSR的基础培养液中添加40%的小鼠ES细胞条件培养液(ES cell conditioned medium, ESCCM)对绵羊类ES细胞分离、克隆效率的影响。发现使用含FBS的基础培养液最多可以把绵羊类ES细胞传至3代, 而使用KSR和添加ESCCM能促进绵羊类ES细胞的分离和克隆, 所获得的类ES细胞分别可稳定传至第5和8代。同时对类ES细胞进行核型分析、AKP染色及体外分化能力检测, 证实所分离的类ES细胞符合ES细胞的主要特征。由此认为, 与FBS相比KSR更加适于绵羊类ES细胞的分离与培养; 而小鼠ES细胞在生长过程中可能分泌某些重要的细胞因子, 从而达到促进绵羊ES细胞增值的作用。     

新疆绵羊肺腺瘤病理学诊断与全基因组序列分析

为了完成新疆绵羊肺腺瘤病毒诊断及全基因组序列测定,本研究采用兽医临床病理学和组织病理学观察疑似患病羊,并提取病毒悬液进行透射电镜观察,从患病绵羊的肺脏组织中提取基因RNA反转录为cDNA。参照GenBank中外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒美国株基因序列(AF105220)设计六对引物,对病料样品进行RT-PCR扩增和测序分析。结果表明,"小推车试验"时有鼻液流出,显微镜下观察,患病羊的肺脏有大小不一的腺瘤灶,且肺泡上皮细胞呈乳头状增生,肺泡腔内充满巨噬细胞,病灶中央的细胞核溶解。透射电镜观察到病毒颗粒直径大小约为88nm~125.4nm。RT-PCR扩增病毒基因组片段,获得完整的基因组序列全长7 456bp。与美国代表株(AF105220)和英国代表株(AF357971)BLAST在线比对核苷酸同源性结果分别为96%和95%,与内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(enJSRV)内蒙株(DQ838493)和美国株(EF680300)的核苷酸同源性分别为89.8%和89.9%。获得的全基因组序列的TM区的氨基酸序列中具有外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(exJSRV)特有的致病性"YXXM"序列。说明此基因序列具有致瘤作用,这是我国新疆首次报道的外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的全基因组序列,为更深入的研究新疆绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的生物学特性和致病机理奠定基础。     

绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养及转基因研究

目的用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因转染体外培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,探讨绿色荧光蛋白对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响.方法体外分离培养绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经脂质体介导EGFP基因转染第一代成纤维细胞,G418筛选10～12*!d,挑选转基因单克隆细胞,传代培养,进行细胞形态观察、生长曲线以及染色体核型分析,并进行了培养细胞性别鉴定.结果整合有EGFP基因的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞生物学行为与未转染外源基因的细胞无明显差别,根据荧光强度可直接反应外源基因的表达量.结论 EGFP基因作为体内报告基因可用于转基因细胞的研究,并将整合有EGFP基因的转基因细胞为克隆动物提供核供体奠定了基础.     

绵羊红细胞分离猪的T细胞方法

参照人的T细胞分离方法用于猪T细胞分离,经二次绵羊红细胞分离的T细胞,用PHA从功能上鉴定获得纯度很高的T细胞,能进一步用于有关T细胞方面研究。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组克隆及序列分析

为了探究绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus,JSRV)内蒙古流行株与国际各代表株间的亲缘关系,本研究以内蒙古地区绵羊肺腺瘤病自然病例的肺组织总DNA为模板,克隆gag、pro与pol基因,并应用双酶切的方法将其与本实验室先期制备并保存的LTR、env基因连接起来,得到了含有JSRV内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组重组质粒pMD-JSRV。序列分析结果表明,JSRV内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组全长7 690bp,具外源性JSRV典型的分子特征:1在gag基因中含Sca I酶切位点;2核衣壳蛋白区有2个保守的可形成锌指结构的"CCHC"基序;3env基因编码的TM区胞浆尾部包含保守的特异性"YXXM"基序。将其进行同源性分析,结果表明该株病毒属JSRV-II型,与分离自美国的代表株AF105220间亲缘关系较近,同源性达95%。本研究为进一步探讨JSRV内蒙古分离株基因组结构特点与其致病机制间的关系奠定了基础。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组克隆及序列分析北大核心CSCD

为了探究绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus,JSRV)内蒙古流行株与国际各代表株间的亲缘关系,本研究以内蒙古地区绵羊肺腺瘤病自然病例的肺组织总DNA为模板,克隆gag、pro与pol基因,并应用双酶切的方法将其与本实验室先期制备并保存的LTR、env基因连接起来,得到了含有JSRV内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组重组质粒pMD-JSRV。序列分析结果表明,JSRV内蒙古分离株前病毒全基因组全长7 690bp,具外源性JSRV典型的分子特征:1在gag基因中含Sca I酶切位点;2核衣壳蛋白区有2个保守的可形成锌指结构的"CCHC"基序;3env基因编码的TM区胞浆尾部包含保守的特异性"YXXM"基序。将其进行同源性分析,结果表明该株病毒属JSRV-II型,与分离自美国的代表株AF105220间亲缘关系较近,同源性达95%。本研究为进一步探讨JSRV内蒙古分离株基因组结构特点与其致病机制间的关系奠定了基础。     

我国的家羊品种资源

今年是羊年 ,趁此机会 ,对我国的家羊品种资源进行简要介绍。　　羊包括家羊和野羊。家羊有两种 ,即绵羊和山羊 ,它们是不同的畜种。在动物分类学上属牛科的绵羊山羊亚科 (Caprovinae)的绵羊 (Ovis)和山羊 (Capra)两个属。两者染色体数目不同 ,外貌特征也有很大区别。如绵羊颌下无髯 ,山羊有髯 ;绵羊尾下垂 ,山羊尾上翘。我国是世界上养羊数量和羊产品产量最多的国家 ,据世界粮农组织统计资料 (中国畜牧杂志 ,2 0 0 2 ,No.6) ,2 0 0 0年我国绵羊存栏约 1.3亿只 ,山羊 1.5亿只 ,羊肉产量 2 74万 t,约占世界 2 4 % ;绵羊净毛产量 14.8万 t,…     

Genome-Wide Search for Host Association Factors during Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Infection

Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) is an important virus that causes serious diseases in sheep and goats with a prevalence of 36% in the USA. Although OPPV was discovered more than half of a century ago, little is known about the infection and pathogenesis of this virus. In this report, we used RNA-seq technology to conduct a genome-wide probe for cellular factors that are associated with OPPV infection. A total of approximately 22,000 goat host genes were detected of which 657 were found to have been significantly up-regulated and 889 down-regulated at 12 hours post-infection. In addition to previously known restriction factors from other viral infections, a number of factors which may be specific for OPPV infection were uncovered. The data from this RNA-seq study will be helpful in our understanding of OPPV infection, and also for further study in the prevention and intervention of this viral disease.     

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒荧光抗体的制备及其对病毒感染细胞的检测

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒荧光抗体的制备及其对病毒感染细胞的检测丁恩雨,相文华（复旦大学生命科学学院,上海２００４３３）（中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所,哈尔滨１５０００１）关键词绵羊进行性肺炎病毒,荧光抗体,间接免疫荧光法绵羊进行性肺炎（ＯＰＰ）是慢性进行...     

一株牛源阿卡斑病毒的分离鉴定

阿卡斑病毒(Akabane virus,AKV)是能引起牛、绵羊、山羊流产、早产、新生胎儿畸形的虫媒性RNA病毒。为了解家畜虫媒病毒在我国西南边境地区的分布和流行情况,本研究对中缅边境西盟县的52份牛抗凝血和140份血清(牛70份、羊70份)中的蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)、鹿流行性出血热病毒(Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)、AKV等虫媒病毒进行检测与分离,通过ELISA及qRT-PCR方法检测病毒,通过核酸阳性抗凝血接种BHK细胞传代以分离病毒,通过设计特异性引物,扩增分离毒株S基因721bp片段及M基因816bp片段,通过克隆测序及中和试验以鉴定病毒,最终从38号牛的抗凝血中分离到一株AKV,TCID50为10-3.5/0.1mL,经比对,分离株S片段与日本KS-2/Mo/06毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为97.66%,M片段与中国DHL10M110毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为96.56%。本研究首次报告了从云南边境地区牛群中分离到AKV,证实了西南边境存在AKV的流行,为AKV在我国的流行病学和边境地区疫病风险防控提供了重要参考及有力依据。     

In Vitro Selection of High-Infectious, Leukemogenic Virus from Low-Infectious, Non-Leukemogenic Type C Virus from a Malignant ST/a Mouse Cell Line

Low-infectious, nontransforming type C virus was isolated from an in vitro spontaneously transformed ST/a mouse cell line, ST-L1. The virus released by ST-L1 cells was NB-tropic and XC(-). It gave rise to very small peroxidase antibody plaques (PAP) in cultures which initially were nonproducing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels of the structural proteins of the ST-L1 virus showed an envelope glycoprotein with an apparent mass of 65 kilodaltons (kdal). The mouse cells SC-1, BALB/3T3, and NIH/3T3 could be productively infected with cell-free supernatants from the ST-L1 cell line; however, virus was detected in supernatant fluids only after two to four subcultures of the infected cells. The virus thus produced was XC(+) and a large plaque former. The virus released from infected SC-1 cells was N-tropic, whereas the viruses from infected NIH/3T3 and BALB/3T3 cells were NB-tropic. The structural proteins of the N- and NB-tropic viruses could be distinguished on SDS polyacrylamide gels, the major dissimilarity being a difference in the mobility of the p30. All these viruses had an envelope glycoprotein with an apparent mass of 70 kdal. The infectivity of the viruses, measured as PAP per nanogram of p30, was 30- to 60-fold lower for the virus released from the ST-L1 cell line than that of the viruses after passage in SC-1, NIH/3T3, and BALB/3T3 cells. None of the viruses could infect rabbit or mink cells. Inoculation of the viruses into newborn mice showed that the ST-L1 virus was non-leukemogenic, whereas the NB-tropic virus selected from this after passage in BALB/3T3 or NIH/3T3 cells was highly leukemogenic. Viruses isolated from leukemic animals were indistinguishable with respect to host range and protein mobilities in SDS gels from the ones with which the mice were inoculated. Although the SC-1-selected virus was highly infectious in vitro, it was only weakly, if at all, leukemogenic.     

Nucleocapsid Protein Subunits of Simian Virus 5, Newcastle Disease Virus, and Sendai Virus

Helical nucleocapsids of each of the paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 (SV5), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Sendai virus have been isolated in two different forms. One form contains larger protein subunits and is obtained from mature virions or infected cells dispersed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The other form possesses smaller subunits and is obtained from infected cells dispersed by trypsin. The estimated molecular weights of the larger subunits in the three viruses are similar: SV5, 61,000; Sendai virus, 60,000; NDV, 56,000. The smaller nucleocapsid subunits are also very similar: SV5, 43,000; Sendai virus, 46,000; NDV, 47,000. The helical nucleocapsid composed of the smaller subunit appears to be less flexible and more stable than that formed by the larger subunit. There is suggestive evidence that conversion of the larger subunit to the smaller by proteolytic cleavage may occur intracellularly. The possibility that such a mechanism could be involved in the accumulation of nucleocapsid in cells persistently infected with paramyxoviruses is discussed.     

Virus induced chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cell line and human peripheral blood leukocyte culture

Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were susceptible to Herpes Simplex type-1 and Chandipura viruses; which induced chromosomal abnormalities in these cells. Chromosomal changes induced in these cells were specific. The cells were refractory to measles virus and chromosomal abnormalities were not detected after inoculation of the virus. On the other hand human peripheral blood (HPB) leukocytes were susceptible to all the 3 viruses studied and exhibited chromosomal abnormalities upon infection. The aberrations induced in HPBL cultures were random. The results suggest that a virus could induce chromosomal changes only in susceptible cells. This is the first report of comparative in vitro study on chromosomes.     

Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 as a Probiotic Confers Protection against Influenza Virus by Modulating Innate Immunity

Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 (DK119) isolated from the fermented Korean cabbage food was used as a probiotic to determine its antiviral effects on influenza virus. DK119 intranasal or oral administration conferred 100% protection against subsequent lethal infection with influenza A viruses, prevented significant weight loss, and lowered lung viral loads in a mouse model. The antiviral protective efficacy was observed in a dose and route dependent manner of DK119 administration. Mice that were treated with DK119 showed high levels of cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and a low degree of inflammation upon infection with influenza virus. Depletion of alveolar macrophage cells in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavages completely abrogated the DK119-mediated protection. Modulating host innate immunity of dendritic and macrophage cells, and cytokine production pattern appeared to be possible mechanisms by which DK119 exhibited antiviral effects on influenza virus infection. These results indicate that DK119 can be developed as a beneficial antiviral probiotic microorganism.     

Spontaneous Release of Endogenous Ecotropic Type C Virus from Rat Embryo Cultures

Type C viruses were isolated from embryo cultures of two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley and Fischer. Both viruses (termed rat leukemia virus, RaLV) were released spontaneously from rat embryo cells, have a density of 1.14 to 1.15 g/cm(3) based on equilibrium sedimentation in sucrose gradients, contain 60-70S RNA, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, and rat type C virus-specific 30,000 molecular-weight-protein determinants. Molecular hybridization studies using the Sprague-Dawley RaLV 60-70S RNA show that the virus-specific nucleotide sequences are present in the DNA of rat embryos. Both Sprague-Dawley and Fischer RaLV can rescue the murine sarcoma virus genome from Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer cells and are neutralized by antisera to the RPL strain of RaLV. In contrast to previous RaLV's, these viruses propagate in their own cells of origin as well as in cells of heterologous rat strains.