缺齿藓(真藓科)的形态特征和地理新分布

通过对内蒙古自治区与宁夏回族自治区交界处——贺兰山苔藓植物的调查采集和室内鉴定,发现了缺齿藓(Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana)的一个新的地理分布记录。该文讨论了缺齿藓的形态特征和地理分布,将其与喜马拉雅缺齿藓、日本缺齿藓和中华缺齿藓进行了比较分析,并提供了该种的图版和中国缺齿藓属的分种检索表。该种的发现不仅丰富了中国缺齿藓属的研究资料,同时也说明了贺兰山的植物区系成分与喜马拉雅成分具有一定的关联。     

基于形态学特征和分子数据的中国缺齿藓科初步研究

为探讨缺齿藓类与真藓科、提灯藓科的系统关系,理清缺齿藓科的系统位置和中国缺齿藓科分类问题,该研究以中国分布的缺齿藓科植物和相关类群4 000余份标本为材料,进行详细的形态学研究,并选用其中35种、40份样品的4个DNA片段(rps4、trnG、trnL-trnF、atpB-rbcL)联合数据用于分子系统分析,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大似然法(ML)构建分子树。结果表明:(1)在分子树中,缺齿藓类与真藓科植物分别聚在具有高支持率的不同分支上,叶形、叶细胞等形态学特征也有较大差异,缺齿藓类应从广义的真藓科分出。(2)在分子树中,虽然缺齿藓类与提灯藓科植物聚在同一分支中,但无形态学的共源性状,二者不应视为一个单系类群。(3)缺齿藓科是一个自然类群,缺齿藓科内属间存在着密切的系统关系,缺齿藓科的主要识别特征为:植物体小型,茎常分枝;叶形和叶细胞为丝瓜藓型(Pohlia-like),披针形至长椭圆形,中上部细胞狭长,线状菱形或蠕虫形;生殖苞多生于新生枝顶;蒴齿为互生双齿层,常有不同程度的退化或一层蒴齿缺失,稀双层蒴齿缺失。(4)中国缺齿藓科包含有5属,即缺齿藓属(Mielichhoferia)、丝瓜藓属(Pohlia)、拟丝瓜藓属(Pseudopohlia)、合齿藓属(Synthetodontium)和小叶藓属(Epipterygium),目前为止共计34种(含种下分类单位)。     

中国内蒙古缨齿藓属(紫萼藓科)1新变种——缨齿藓菱形变种

报道了内蒙古清水河黄土丘陵地区发现的紫萼藓科1新变种——缨齿藓菱形变种[Jaffueliobryum wrightii(Sull.)Thér.var.rhombicumX.L.BaiSarula],该变种与干旱山地岩面生境中的原变种缨齿藓[Jaffueliobryum wrightii(Sull.)Thér.]相似,生境的变化导致其形态发生变化,主要表现在上部细胞菱形和细胞壁背部强烈加厚,未分化的叶上部边缘细胞、中肋横切面细胞不分化,叶片长0.7~0.8mm,毛尖长0.8~1.3mm。文中对缨齿藓及其新变种的形态学特征,分布和生境进行了描述,并提供了显微照片,另外,列出了缨齿藓属5个种的检索表。     

弯刀藓属——中国苔藓植物一新记录属

弯刀藓属Dichelyma Myrin为水藓科Fontinalaceae中的一个属,主要分布在欧洲、北美洲和亚洲东北部。网齿弯刀藓Dichelyma falcatum（Hedw．）Myrin在新疆的发现,不仅为中国增加了一个苔藓植物新分布种,而且弯刀藓属亦系首次见于中国。     

中国青藓科植物分类学修订(Ⅱ):燕尾藓属

基于燕尾藓属(Bryhnia Kaurin)被处理为狭义青藓属(Brachythecium Schimp.s.str.)的异名,燕尾藓属已不复存在。笔者对原分布于中国的5种燕尾藓属植物进行了相应的分类学修订,结果如下:短尖燕尾藓(B.hultenii E.B.Bartram)、燕尾藓[B.novae-angliae(Sull.Lesq.)Grout]和毛尖燕尾藓(B.trichomitria DixonThér.)被移入狭义青藓属并处理为短尖青藓[Brachythecium hultenii(E.B.Bartram)Min LiY.F.Wang]、燕尾青藓[B.novae-angliae(Sull.Lesq.)A.Jaeger]和东亚青藓[B.trichomitrium(DixonThér.)Huttunen,Ignatov,Min LiY.F.Wang];短枝燕尾藓(B.brachycladula Cardot)被移入鼠尾藓属(Myuroclada Besch.),并处理为羽枝鼠尾藓[M.longiramea(Müll.Hal.)Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovHuttunen]的异名;密枝燕尾藓[B.serricuspis(Müll Hal.)Y.F.WangR.L.Hu]移入拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovB.C.Tan),并处理为拟异叶藓[P.dumosa(Mitt.)Min Li,Y.F.Wang,IgnatovB.C.Tan]的异名。     

中国青藓科植物分类学修订（一）：异叶藓属

在对世界异叶藓属（Kindbergia Ochyra）植物进行系统研究基础上,作者对中国分布的该属植物进行了分类学修订。结果表明：（1）中国分布的“树状异叶藓”［K.arbuscula(Broth.)Ochyra］、“异叶藓”［K.praelonga(Hedw.)Ochyra］和密枝燕尾藓［Bryhnia serricuspis(Müll Hal.)Y.F.Wang & R.L.Hu］为K.dumosa(Mitt.)Ignatov & Huttunen的错误鉴定;（2）因树状分枝的植物体、异形的茎枝叶、近及顶的强壮中肋和明显下延的叶基等特征不同于青藓科现存任一类群,故将中国分布的“异叶藓属”植物移入新建属——拟异叶藓属（Pseudokindbergia M.Li,Y.F.Wang,Ignatov & B.C.Tan）中;（3）拟异叶藓属区别于异叶藓属的主要形态特征为：假鳞毛半圆形至三角状半圆形,先端钝或平截;孢蒴倾立至水平;蒴盖圆锥形。（4）到目前为止,中国尚未发现异叶藓属植物的分布。     

中国大帽藓科（Encalyptaceae,Musci）植物分类和分布的研究

在研究文献和标本的基础上,简要回顾了中国大帽藓科（Encalyptaceae）植物的研究进展,对中国大帽藓科植物的分类和分布进行了整理研究。现知中国仅分布大帽藓属（Encalypta Hedw.)1属10种。本研究按照吴征镒^[1]关于划分中国种子植物属的分布区类型的划分方法,将中国大帽藓属划分为6个分布区类型和3个变型,其中的拟烟杆大帽藓（Encalypta buxbaumioidea)、中华大帽藓（E.sinica）和天山大帽藓（E.tianschanica）等3种为中国特有分布类型。文中概括了每个种的识别特征、生境和分布区类型,并以拟烟杆大帽藓、中华大帽藓和天山大帽藓绘图描述。根据标本编制了中国大帽藓属植物分种检索表。     

中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究

采用经典分类学研究方法,对河北师范大学植物标本馆(HBNU)等国内多个标本馆保存的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组(Pohlia Hedw.section Cacodon Lindb.ex Broth.)及其近缘类群植物标本共计130余号进行了分类学分析鉴定,并对所确定的中国产直蒴组物种的芽胞大小、形状及叶原基数量和长度等形态学特征进行比较分析,以期为中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经鉴定中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物共有8种——夭命丝瓜藓[Pohlia annotina(Hedw.)Lindb.]、糙枝丝瓜藓[P.camptotrachela(Ren.Card.)Broth.]、林地丝瓜藓[P.drummondii(Müll.Hal.)Andr.]、疣齿丝瓜藓[P.flexuosa Harv.]、纤毛丝瓜藓[P.hisae T.J.Kop.et J.X.Luo]、异芽丝瓜藓[P.leucostoma(BoschSande Lac.)M.Fleisch.]、念珠丝瓜藓[P.lutescens(Limpr.)H.Lindb.]和卵蒴丝瓜藓[P.proligera(Kindb.ex Breidl.)Lindb.ex Arnell]。(2)中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物的重要鉴别特征是在假根或叶腋处生有芽胞,而且芽胞形状以及叶原基形状和数量在直蒴组中存在差异,如念珠丝瓜藓具有假根生芽胞,而疣齿丝瓜藓具有两型芽胞。(3)对所鉴定的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组8种植物的识别特征、生境及其与相近种的关系进行了详细描述,并绘制了形态特征墨线图。     

直齿藓属一新组一新种

报道真藓科直齿藓属一新种,具边直齿藓Ｏ．ｂｉｌｉｍｂａｔｕｍＸ．Ｊ．Ｌｉ ｅｔＤ．Ｃ．Ｚｈａｎｇ。本种主要特征（１）蒴齿双层,内齿长,狭线形,无基膜。（２）叶边缘明显分化,具２￣３列狭长细胞,除近尖部和基部边缘外,明显两层。（３）叶细胞明显宽于本属各种（宽达１８￣２４μｍ）。（４）蒴盖短圆锥形,无长喙状尖;本种介于Ｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｎｔｉｕｍ与Ｏｒｔｈｏｄｏｎｔｏｐｓｉｓ两属之间,根据蒴齿双层之重要特     

弯刀藓属——中国苔藓植物一新记录属

弯刀藓属Dichelyma Myrin为水藓科Fontinalaceae中的一个属,主要分布在欧洲、北美洲和亚洲东北部.网齿弯刀藓Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin在新疆的发现,不仅为中国增加了一个苔藓植物新分布种,而且弯刀藓属亦系首次见于中国.     

Haplodontium zangii X.R.Wang & J.C.Zhao,sp. nov. (Bryaceae,Bryopsida) from Xizang,China

Haplodontium zangii X.R.Wang &; J.C.Zhao, a new moss species from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated. Previously, specimens of H. zangii have been identified as Mielichhoferia himalayana Mitt. However, H. zangii is distinctly different from M. himalayana in having excurrent costae with short awns (vs long denticulate awns), short-pyriform capsules, 0.8–1?mm (vs long-pyriform capsules, 2.5–3?mm), and densely papillose exostome teeth (vs smooth or vertically striped exostome teeth). Haplodontium zangii is similar to H. macrocarpum (Hook.) J.R.Spence, which was traditionally placed in Mielichhoferia Nees &; Hornsch. as M. macrocarpa (Hook.) Bruch &; Schimp. The main differences between H. zangii and H. macrocarpum are in the morphology of the leaves, capsules, guide cells, and stomata. Mielichhoferia himalayana and another Chinese species of Mielichhoferia, M. sinensis Dix., are also transferred to Haplodontium Hampe, a new genus in the bryoflora of China, as H. himalayanum (Mitt.) X.R.Wang &; J.C.Zhao and H. sinensis (Dix.) X.R.Wang &; J.C.Zhao. A morphological comparison and a key to the three species of Haplodontium in China as well as to H. macrocarpum, a species that is likely to be found in China, are provided.     

斑痣盘菌科一新种及一新组合

报道斑痣盘菌科的两个寄生种,即生于茶树Camelliasinensis(L.)Kuntze枝梢上的硬湿皮盘菌新种HypoheliondurumY.R.Lin,C.L.Hou&S.J.Wangsp.nov.和生于青杄PiceawilsoniiMast.针叶上的线孢小沟盘菌新组合Lirulafiliformis(Darker)Y.R.Lin&S.J.Wangcomb.nov.。湿皮盘菌属HypohelionJohnston同时为中国新记录属。对此二种进行了汉文描述、图解和讨论,新种附有拉丁文特征简介。供研究标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室(AAUFP)。     

中国寡鬃实蝇属分类研究(双翅目: 实蝇科)

对中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabricius 进行了分类研究和厘订, 确认我国现知共有下列13种 (包括1新种): 版纳棍腹实蝇 Dacus (Callantra) bannatus (Wang), 对刺棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) bispinosus (Wang), 东方棍腹实蝇D. (C.) esakii (Shiraki), 台湾棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) formosanus (Tseng & Chu), 海口棍腹实蝇, 新种 D. (C.) haikouensis sp. nov., 瓜棍腹实蝇D. (C.) longicornis Wiedemann, 端纹棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) nummularius (Bezzi), 尖槐藤棍腹实蝇D. (C.) polistiformis (Senior-White), 越南棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) satanas (Hering), 中华棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sinensis (Wang), 圆斑棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sphaeroidalis (Bezzi), 三点棍腹实蝇D. (C.) trimacula (Wang) 和海南寡鬃实蝇 D. (Dacus) hainanus Wang & Zhao. 除描述一新种并附特征图外, 还提供了该属的中国种类修订名录和分种检索表.     

Phylogenetic relationships in Leymus (Triticeae; Poaceae): Evidence from chloroplast trnH-psbA and mitochondrial coxII intron sequences

Leymus Hochst. is a polyploid genus with a diverse array of morphology, cytology, ecology, and distribution in Triticeae. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and maternal genome donor of polyploid Leymus, the chloroplast trnH-psbA region and mitochondrial coxII intron sequences of 33 Leymus taxa were analyzed with those of 36 diploid perennial species representing 19 basic genomes in Triticeae. The results showed that reticulate evolution occurred in Leymus species, with the cytoplasmic lineage of Leymus contributed by different progenitors. Interspecific relationships of Leymus were also elucidated on the basis of orthologous comparison. Our data suggested that: (i) due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or difference in the pattern of chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance, the genealogical conflict between the two genealogical patterns suggest the contribution of Psathyrostachys Nevski, Agropyron J. Gaertn, Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach, Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve, Thinopyrum Á. Löve, and Lophopyrum (Host) Á. Löve to the cytoplasmic lineage of Leymus; (ii) there is a close relationship among Leymus species from the same area or neighboring geographic regions; (iii) L. coreanus (Honda) K. B. Jensen & R. R.-C. Wang, L. duthiei (Stapf) Y. H. Zhou & H. Q. Zhang ex C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum, L. duthiei var. longearistatus (Hack.) Y. H. Zhou & H. Q. Zhang ex C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum, and L. komarovii(Roshev.) C. Yen, J. L. Yang & B. R. Baum are closely related to other Leymus species, and it is reasonable to transfer these species from the genus Hystrix Moench to Leymus; (iv) Leymus species from North America are closely related to L. coreanus from the Russian Far East and L. komarovii from northeast China but are evolutionarily distinct from Leymus species from Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The occurrence of multiple origin and introgression could account for the rich diversity and ecological adaptation of Leymus species.     

Carex dapanshanica sp. nov. (C. sect. Mitratae,Cyperaceae) from Zhejiang,China

Carex dapanshanica X. F. Jin, Y. J. Zhao & Z. L. Chen, a new species of Cyperaceae from Mount Dapan, Zhejiang Province, eastern China is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to C. chungii C. P. Wang, but differs in having 2 or 3spikes, pistillate scales with brown margins and short‐awned at apex, and glabrous perigynia. Micromorphological photographs of the achenes of C. dapanshanica and C. chungii under SEM (scanning electron microscope) are provided as well.     

中国五种重要食用菌学名新注

基于最新的分子系统发育分析研究、《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规》和《汉语学名法规》,对毛木耳、玉木耳、金针菇、阿魏侧耳和白灵侧耳等5种重要食用菌的学名进行了解析和介绍,建议使用下述规范名称：毛木耳Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.,玉木耳Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.,金针菇Flammulina filiformis (Z.W. Ge et al.) P.M. Wang, Y.C. Dai, E. Horak & Zhu L. Yang,阿魏侧耳（阿魏菇）Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae (Lanzi) Sacc.,白灵侧耳（白灵菇）Pleurotus tuoliensis (C.J. Mou) M.R. Zhao & Jin X. Zhang。虽然拉丁名称发生了很大变化,但为了保持汉语学名的稳定性,上述5种食用菌的汉名不变。     

Anagallidium rubrostriatum,a new species of the Gentianaceae from Nei Mongol,China

A new species of the genus Anagallidium Griseb.(Gentianaceae) from Nei Mongol, China, A. rubrostriatum Y. Z. Zhao, Z. Y. Zhu & L. Q. Zhao, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. dichotomum (L.) Griseb. in the flower tetramerous, pe     

广东堇菜属植物新记录

报道了广东省3种新分布堇菜属植物,分别为犁头叶堇菜Viola magnifica Ching J.Wanget X.D.Wang、白花戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia Sm.var.albescens(Nakai)F.Maek.et T.Hashim.和假如意草Viola pseudo-arcuata C.C.Chang。     

Pseudocayratia,a new genus of Vitaceae from China and Japan with two new species and three new combinations

Recent integrative systematic studies of Vitaceae support the recognition of a new genus Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D.Chen. The genus consists of five species from China and Japan. We herein describe the following two new species: Pseudocayratia speciosa J.Wen & L.M.Lu, and P. pengiana Hsu & J.Wen, and make three new combinations: Pseudocayratia dichromocarpa (H.Lév.) J.Wen & Z.D.Chen, P. oligocarpa (H.Lév. & Van.) J.Wen & L.M.Lu, and P. yoshimurae (Makino) J.Wen & V.C.Dang. Phylogenetic analyses based on five chloroplast loci strongly support Pseudocayratia as sister to Tetrastigma. Morphologically, species of the genus have stigmas enlarged (but not 4‐lobed), pedicels at fruiting stage enlarged and fleshy, seeds with a crustaceous thin testa, circular cup‐like ventral infolds, linear chalaza extending ca. 2/3 to 3/4 of the seed length (from apex to base), lateral margin with thin edges, and T‐shaped endosperm in cross‐section. The genus is distributed in eastern Asia (China and Japan). The taxonomic novelties we report in this study at both the generic and species levels highlight the importance of collections‐based research in today's integrative systematics.     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(I)

在标本 (包括许多模式标本 )查考和居群调研的基础上 ,对刚竹属 PhyllostachysSieb.et Zucc.一些类群的分类问题进行了评注 ,其中将遂昌雷竹 Ph.primotina Wen作为不同于红壳雷竹 Ph.incarnata Wen的 1个独立的竹种看待 ;8个拉丁学名被减为异名 ;Ph.heteroclada Oliv.f.solida( S.L .Chen) C.P.Wang et Z.H.Yu因其基名无拉丁描述 ,故予废弃 ;同时还描述了 1个新变型。