刚毛柽柳液泡膜H~+-PPase基因的克隆与胁迫下的表达分析

通过对刚毛柽柳转录组分析,鉴定获得1个液泡膜H~+-PPase基因的cDNA序列,命名为ThVP1。该cDNA序列全长3 022bp,开放阅读框为2 298bp,编码765个氨基酸,编码蛋白相对分子质量80.37kD,理论等电点5.25。ThVP1编码蛋白的疏水性较强,含有13个跨膜区。氨基酸多序列比对结果显示,ThVP1具有典型的液泡膜H~+-PPase家族3个高度保守片段(CS1、CS2和CS3),与大豆VP1氨基酸序列一致性最高,为93%。系统进化分析表明,ThVP1属于I型液泡膜H~+-PPase基因。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,NaCl和PEG胁迫下,ThVP1在柽柳根和叶中均呈现明显上调表达,表达量最高达到对照的20.9倍,暗示ThVP1可能在刚毛柽柳抗旱耐盐过程中发挥重要作用。     

刚毛柽柳S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(ThSAMS)基因的克隆及表达分析

通过对刚毛柽柳转录组分析,克隆获得了一条与S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因同源性高的基因,命名为ThSAMS。序列分析结果表明:ThSASM基因全长cDNA为1185bp,编码394个氨基酸,编码蛋白相对分子质量为97.85kDa,理论等电点为5.02。通过生物信息学分析表明,ThSASM基因编码的氨基酸与其他物种SAMS基因编码的氨基酸具有很高的同源性,其中与枣的同源性最高,达95%。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitativereal-timePCR,qRT-PCR)分析表明,ThSASM表达受NaCl、聚乙二醇(PEG)和ABA处理做出应答,暗示ThSASM可能参与了刚毛柽柳对盐和干旱的胁迫应答,为进一步研究SAMS基因在植物胁迫应答中的功能及作用机制提供了参考依据。     

柽柳(Tamarix androssowii)Tadir基因的克隆及分析

在柽柳cDNA文库测序中获得了Tadir基因的全长cDNA序列,去除PolyA后,该基因全长724bp。其中5′非翻译区26bp,3′非翻译区143bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长555bp,编码184个氨基酸。基因编码蛋白的分子量为19.69kD,理论等电点为6.96。疏水性分析表明,蛋白的前41个氨基酸为亲水性的。该基因的Genbank登录号为DQ462418(基因),ABE73781(蛋白)。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,0.4mol·L-1NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫后该基因表达量发生变化,其可能与柽柳的耐盐性有关。     

眼镜王蛇泛素融合蛋白基因和核糖体蛋白L30基因的克隆及分析

从广西产眼镜王蛇（Ophiophagus hannah）毒腺中抽提总RNA,经mRNA纯化后构建眼镜王蛇毒腺cDNA文库。从所构建的cDNA文库中,随机筛选200个克隆测序,得到两个在进化上高度保守的基因：泛素融合蛋白基因（GenBank登录号为AF297036）和核糖体蛋白L30基因（GenBank登录号是AF297033）。前者cDNA的开放阅读框为387bp,后者为348bp。前者编码128个氨基酸残基组成的泛素融合蛋白前体;后者编码115个氨基酸残基组成的核糖体蛋白L30前体。由cDNA序列推导出的氨基酸序列分析表明,泛素融合蛋白前体包括N-末端的泛素结构域（76个氨基酸残基）和C-末端的核糖体蛋白L40结构域（52个氨基酸残基）。该蛋白为一高碱性蛋白,C末端含有一个“锌指”模式结构。与16个物种比较的结果表明,眼镜王蛇与脊椎动物的泛素融合蛋白氨基酸序列相似度较高,具有高度的保守性。     

红花花青素合成酶基因的克隆及表达分析

根据红花转录物测序结果中得到的中间序列,采用R11-PCR和RACE方法从红花花瓣中克隆到1个4嬲基因的全长cDNA,该基因全长序列1226bp,具有完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,共1050bp,编码349个氨基酸。生物信息学软件分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白理论分子量约为82．27kDa,等电点为5．09,序列里含有典型的加尾信号序列AATAA和Poly（A）。保守结构域预测表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有典型的ANS蛋白功能结构域,其保守结构域中含有铁离子及2．0-酮戊二酸结合位点。结合其他物种的臌因构建系统树表日月,红花ANS蛋基因与其他物种氨基酸具有一定的同源性,其中与芍药的亲缘关系最近。应用实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,ANS基因在红花的初花期和盛花期的表达量最高。     

苹果金属硫蛋白基因MdFjMT2克隆及生物信息学分析

以红富士苹果（Malus domestica CV Red Fuji）浓红型芽变和其条红母株为试材,构建抑制性差减杂交（Suppression Subtractive Hybridization,SSH）文库,差异筛选SSH-cDNA文库,经过大量测序构建成红富士苹果ESTs序列本地数据库,对本地数据库进行Blastn检索,得到42条金属硫蛋白基因MdFjMT2 cDNA片段,通过序列拼接和?逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）方法,获得了红富士苹果金属硫蛋白基因MdFjMT2全长cDNA序列（Genbank登录号为HQ730757）,该基因全长684 bp,其中5′ 非翻译区97 bp,3′ 非翻译区347 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）为240 bp,编码79个氨基酸,推测蛋白分子量为7.7938 kDa,理论等电点为4.75。该基因具有金属硫蛋白基因的典型结构域特征,编码的氨基酸序列中含有14个半胱氨酸残基Cys（C）,Cys 残基的排列特征是以CC、CXC和CXXC集中分布在肽链的N端和C端。系统进化分析表明MdFjMT2与砂梨（Pyrus pyrifolia）、苹果（Malus domestica）和小金海棠（M. xiaojinensis）等植物金属硫蛋白保持了较近的亲缘关系,与扁桃（Prunus dulcis）、旱柳（Salix matsudana）、美味猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa）等植物的亲缘关系较远。生物信息学分析结果表明,MdFjMT2主要位于叶绿体中,没有信号肽,是非跨膜亲水性蛋白,其蛋白质二级结构的主要元件是无规则卷曲,没有功能结构域。这些结果为MdFjMT2的结构与功能挖掘提供一定的参考。本研究结果有助于研究该基因在苹果着色中的作用,阐明苹果着色的分子机制。     

小桐子甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶（JcGPAT）cDNA的克隆与序列分析

甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶是植物生物合成储存油脂过程中的关键酶,对油料作物种子含油量具有重要的限制作用。本研究以植物甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶同源基因的保守区域序列为基础,设计简并引物,结合RACE技术,从能源植物小桐子种子中克隆获得JcGPAT基因的cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号HQ395225）。JcGPAT cDNA核苷酸序列长度为1672bp,开放阅读框为1125bp,编码375个氨基酸。该基因具有明显的GPAT基因结构域,其编码的氨基酸序列与油桐、蓖麻等植物具有很高的同源性。RT-PCR表达分析表明,该基因在小桐子发育的种子、叶、根尖等多个组织表达。     

二色补血草硫氧还蛋白(Trx)的克隆和表达分析

从二色补血草cDNA文库中分离出1个硫氧还蛋白基因全长cDNA序列。基因全长1138bp,其中,5’非翻译（UTR）区128bp,3＇非翻译区212bp,开放阅读框（ORF）全长798bp,编码265个氨基酸,编码蛋白的分子量为28．58kDa,理论等电点（pI）为9．68。BlastP分析表明二色补血草Trx与拟南芥Trx序列同源性为52％,与葡萄7h序列同源性为76％,从11个物种的氨基酸多序列比对可以看出Trx氨基酸序列保守性较高。实时定量RT-PCR方法检测低温、NaCl和PEG胁迫不同时间后的基因在二色补血草中表达模式的结果表明,NaCl能诱导Trx基因在二色补血草叶中表达,胁迫24h后达到高峰,而聚乙二醇和低温处理则抑制Trx在二色补血草根和叶的表达。     

紫杆柽柳与其它物种脂质转运蛋白基因编码蛋白的同源性比较

根据从柽柳cDNA文库克隆获得的脂质转运蛋白(LTP)的部分序列,用RACE技术克隆出其全长cDNA序列.基因的5'非翻译区96bp,3'非翻译区222bp,开放阅读框285bp,编码94个氨基酸,预计蛋白的分子量为9.9 kD,等电点为8.02.此基因有8个位置保守的Cys残基及26个氨基酸的信号肽,为典型的植物脂质转运蛋白基因.其基因序列数据库(GenBank)登录号为AY574218(基因)和AAS79106(蛋白).     

盐藻小G蛋白基因(DsRab)的克隆及在高盐胁迫下的表达分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术扩增了杜氏盐藻小G蛋白基因cDNA全长序列(GenBank Accession No.JN989548),命名为DsRab,对其进行生物信息学分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测盐胁迫下该基因的表达情况。结果表明,DsRab基因的cDNA全长为1 299 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为612 bp,编码203个氨基酸,5’非编码区78 bp,3’非编码区609 bp;保守性结构域分析可知编码的小G蛋白有4个GTP/GDP保守结构域,1个效应区、1个羧基端的半胱氨酸结构域和5个Rab亚家族共有的结构域;二级结构预测表明该蛋白有32.02%的α-螺旋,23.65%的伸展片段,44.33%的自由卷曲,三维建模成功;比对分析发现DsRab蛋白与多种生物的Ypt/Rab的氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性。荧光定量PCR结果表明,盐藻在高盐(3.0 mol/L)胁迫下,DsRab基因表达量显著上调,1 h后表达量达到最大值,为正常培养下对照组(0 h)的4.9倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

Differential activation of murine herpesvirus 68- and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded ORF74 G protein-coupled receptors by human and murine chemokines

Infection of mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is a well-characterized small animal model for the study of gammaherpesvirus infection. MHV-68 belongs to the same herpesvirus family as herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) of New World squirrel monkeys and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (also referred to as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]). The open reading frame ORF74 of HVS, KSHV, and MHV-68 encodes a protein with homology to G protein-coupled receptors and chemokine receptors in particular. ORF74 of KSHV (human ORF74 [hORF74]) is highly constitutively active and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MHV-68-encoded ORF74 (mORF74) is oncogenic and has been implicated in viral replication and reactivation from latency. Here, we show that mORF74 is a functional chemokine receptor. Chemokines with an N-terminal glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) motif (e.g., KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2) act as agonists on mORF74, activating phospholipase C, NF-kappaB, p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt signaling pathways and inhibiting formation of cyclic AMP. Using (125)I-labeled CXCL1/growth-related oncogene alpha as a tracer, we show that murine CXCL10/gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 binds mORF74, and functional assays show that it behaves as an antagonist for this virally encoded G protein-coupled receptor. Profound differences in the upstream activation of signal transduction pathways between mORF74 and hORF74 were found. Moreover, in contrast to hORF74, no constitutive activity of mORF74 could be detected.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT-1765中稳定质粒pBMB175的克隆和功能分析

从苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中克隆得到一个大小约15.2kb的质粒pBMB175,构建了该质粒的限制性图谱,通过功能验证,将其最小的复制区定位在一个1151bp的片段上。分析了包含有这个复制区的一个大小为4152bp的核苷酸序列,该片段包含有3个编码框(ORF1、OFR2和ORF3)。氨基酸序列同源性比较发现,ORF1(767AA)与UvrD_旋促酶、重组酶RecD和RecB家族具有20%～30%的相似性;ORF2(149AA)没有发现与任何已知序列具有同源性;ORF3(83AA)与pGI3中一个未知功能的蛋白(ORF7)具有34%的相似性。通过缺失及序列比较分析推测ORF2可能编码一种新的复制蛋白。因此pBMB175的复制类型可能属于一类新的复制家族。利用最小复制区构建的重组质粒在无抗生素选择压力下可稳定遗传40多代,具备构建稳定遗传质粒载体的潜力。     

Cloning and functional characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae tonB, exbB and exbD genes

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is able to utilize iron (Fe) from a variety of sources including transferrin (TF) and lactoferrin (LF). To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms used by gonococci to scavenge Fe from TF and LF, we cloned a 3.5 kb segment of wild-type DNA that repaired the defect in tlu mutants, which are unable to take up Fe from either TF or LF despite exhibiting apparently normal ligand binding to the receptor. Nucleotide sequence determination identified three open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, which were arranged in tandem. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 852 bp ORF1 encoded a 28 kDa protein that exhibited 26–32% identity with TonB proteins of nine other bacteria. The 663 bp ORF2 predicted a 24 kDa protein and the 435 bp long ORF3 predicted a 15 kDa protein. These predicted protein sequences exhibited 32–38% and 24–36% identity, respectively, with ExbB and ExbD proteins of three other bacteria. Thus, the sequence comparison identified the ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 as gonococcal homologues of the E. coli tonB , exbB and exbD genes. An insertional mutation in the tonB homologue resulted in the failure of gonococci to grow with TF, LF or human haemoglobin (HB) as sole Fe sources and in the inability to take up ⁵⁵Fe from TF and LF. The tonB mutation did not prevent the utilization of Fe from citrate (CT) or haemin (HM). Binding of TF, LF and HB to whole cells in a solid-phase binding assay was largely unaffected by the tonB mutation. We conclude that the pathways for utilization of Fe bound to TF, LF and HB but not to HM or CT were dependent on the TonB system.     

Cloning and expression of the Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora gene encoding the low-molecular-weight bacteriocin carocin S1

The purpose of this study was to clone the carocin S1 gene and express it in a non-carocin-producing strain of Erwinia carotovora. A mutant, TH22-10, which produced a high-molecular-weight bacteriocin but not a low-molecular-weight bacteriocin, was obtained by Tn5 insertional mutagenesis using H-rif-8-2 (a spontaneous rifampin-resistant mutant of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 89-H-4). Using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, the DNA sequence from the Tn5 insertion site and the DNA sequence of the contiguous 2,280-bp region were determined. Two complete open reading frames (ORF), designated ORF2 and ORF3, were identified within the sequence fragment. ORF2 and ORF3 were identified with the carocin S1 genes, caroS1K (ORF2) and caroS1I (ORF3), which, respectively, encode a killing protein (CaroS1K) and an immunity protein (CaroS1I). These genes were homologous to the pyocin S3 gene and the pyocin AP41 gene. Carocin S1 was expressed in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora Ea1068 and replicated in TH22-10 but could not be expressed in Escherichia coli (JM101) because a consensus sequence resembling an SOS box was absent. A putative sequence similar to the consensus sequence for the E. coli cyclic AMP receptor protein binding site (-312 bp) was found upstream of the start codon. Production of this bacteriocin was also induced by glucose and lactose. The homology search results indicated that the carocin S1 gene (between bp 1078 and bp 1704) was homologous to the pyocin S3 and pyocin AP41 genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes encode proteins with nuclease activity (domain 4). This study found that carocin S1 also has nuclease activity.     

Identification and characterization of a novel insertion sequence, IS1106, downstream of the porA gene in B15 Neisseria meningitidis

Examination of Neisseria meningitidis strains associated with endemic meningococcal disease demonstrated differences in the number of copies of a repetitive sequence. Characterization of a copy of this repetitive sequence present in B15 strains has revealed the presence of a novel insertion sequence (IS1106) located within a complex repetitive region downstream of the gene for the major surface antigen (porA). IS1106 has a length of 1137 bp and is flanked by 36bp inverted repeats. Two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) are present in opposite strands in codon-codon register with ORF2 entirely located within ORF1. The predicted protein from ORF1 demonstrates homology with the 5A protein of IS5 (Kroger and Hobom, 1982). Strains from two independent outbreaks of B15 meningococcal disease in the UK were found to contain the same genomic deletion removing a copy of IS1106 downstream of the porA gene.     

Complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of pSNA1 from pimaricin-producing Streptomyces natalensis that replicates by a rolling circle mechanism

A cryptic plasmid, pSNA1, has been identified in the pimaricin-producing Streptomyces natalensis strain ATCC 27448. pSNA1 has been mapped with restriction endonucleases and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The circular DNA molecule is 9367 bp in length and has a 71.3% G+C content. Its estimated copy number is 30. Analysis of the sequence and codon preferences indicated that pSNA1 contains seven open reading frames [encoding peptides larger than 90 amino acid (aa) residues], ORF 1 to ORF 7, located on both strands of pSNA1. ORF 3 codes for a protein (476 aa) that shows high sequence similarity to replication-associated proteins in Streptomyces plasmids known to replicate via the rolling circle mechanism. Accumulation of single-strand intermediates further indicates that pSNA1 replicates via the rolling circle replication model. ORF 1 encodes a polypeptide of 246 aa that shares homology with KorA proteins encoded by other streptomycete plasmids. ORF 4 (SpdA) codes for a protein (161 aa) possibly involved in intramycelial plasmid transfer. Protein encoded by ORF 2 (309 aa) shares homology with a Streptomyces protein (SpdB2) also involved in plasmid spreading.     

Comparative analysis of the plasmids from two isolates of "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense"

Two plasmids from the plant-pathogenic mollicute "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense" were completely sequenced from two isolates derived from different plant hosts. Plasmid pPAPh2 (3607bp) was obtained from Phormium showing Phormium yellow leaf symptoms and pPASb11 (3635bp) from strawberry showing strawberry lethal yellows symptoms. The plasmids varied in their copy number and nucleotide sequence yet contained the same four open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequence derived from ORF1 shares similarity with hypothetical proteins encoded on the plasmids from onion yellows and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasmas. The deduced amino acid sequences of both ORF2 and ORF3 share similarity with functionally unknown proteins on the chromosome of onion yellows phytoplasma. An ORF with a similar sequence to ORF2 is also present on the chromosome of "Ca. P. australiense." The deduced amino acid sequence derived from ORF4 is most similar to replication proteins encoded by other phytoplasma plasmids and by geminiviruses, the only protein on the plasmids for which a putative function can be assigned. The identities of the deduced amino acid sequences of ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, and ORF4 between pPAPh2 and pPASb11 were 89, 68, 91, and 68%, respectively; the differences being consistent with the subgroup status of the parental phytoplasmas.     

Characterization of a second gene involved in bacterio-opsin gene expression in a halophilic archaebacterium.

Southern blot analysis and nucleotide sequencing of DNA from three bacterio-opsin-deficient mutants of the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium (M86, W105, and W109) revealed that they each contain an alteration in a region 2,000 to 3,800 base pairs (bp) upstream of the bacterio-opsin gene (bop). Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region, which is also located downstream of the previously characterized brp gene, revealed that it contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,022 bp. This 2,022-bp ORF has a start codon which overlaps the stop codon of the brp gene and is read in the same direction. The ORF could encode an acidic protein of 73,334 daltons (674 amino acids) with a predicted secondary structure typical of a soluble protein. Bop mutant M86 contains a 1,883-bp deletion extending from bp 351 of the ORF, to 197 bp beyond the stop codon. Mutant W105 has an ISH2 element integrated at bp 1239 of the ORF, and mutant W109 has an ISH26 element integrated at bp 1889. Our results suggest that the ORF is a gene (designated bat for bacterio-opsin activator gene) involved in bop gene expression.