不同光质对烟草组培苗生长及生理特性的影响

以‘云烟87号’生根组培苗为试材,以荧光灯为对照(CK),采用LED光源发射的单色光谱红光(R)、蓝光(B)、绿光(G)等不同光质配比组合光照处理,研究光质对烟草组培苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)与CK相比,红蓝绿(RBG)和红蓝白(RBW)组合光质使烟草组培苗植株株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、茎粗、根数、根长和干重显著增加,植株叶绿素含量也有提高但差异不显著。(2)RBW组合光质照射的植株可溶性糖含量和C/N比值显著高于其他光质处理,RBG组合光质处理植株的游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他光质处理,且各光质及其组合处理的烟草叶片可溶性蛋白含量显著高于对照,红蓝配光(1RB)使植株可溶性淀粉含量较对照显著提高。(3)各光质及其组合处理的烟草膜脂过氧化物MDA含量较对照均显著降低,而其SOD、POD和CAT活性较对照均显著提高;其中红光处理的植株膜脂过氧化物MDA含量最低,CAT活性最高。研究表明,LED光源不同光质及其组合光照均能够显著降低烟草组培苗的MDA含量,降低膜脂过氧化的伤害,促进烟草组培苗的生长,其主要通过调节抗氧化物酶活性的合成代谢来应对光氧化胁迫;LED光源的RBG和RBW组合光质可作为烟草组培苗生根阶段的最适光质。     

光质对红金钻试管苗生长的影响

以红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗为试材,探讨不同光质对红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及荧光参数的变化趋势,探索试管苗生长发育对光质的响应机制,提升试管苗质量。采用LED精准配制光源,以荧光灯为对照,设置红、蓝、红蓝绿、红蓝光5个处理。结果表明,不同光质处理30 d后,蓝红绿复合光有利于红金钻蔓绿绒不定芽增殖、试管苗株高、总鲜重、总干重的增加,蓝光利于叶长、叶宽、茎粗的增加,红光利于根长的增加;叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b比值在红蓝绿复合光下处理下最大;叶绿素荧光参数(q_p, ETR, NPQ)在红蓝绿复合光处理下高于其它处理,蓝光次之,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo各光质处理(除红光)下差异不明显,由荧光隶属函数值得出在红蓝绿复合光处理下最优。因此,可采用红:蓝:绿=7:1:1作为红金钻蔓绿绒组培的人工光源。     

LED光质对非洲菊组培苗增殖及生理特性的影响

为提高非洲菊增殖培养的效率并降低生产能耗,通过发光二极管(LED)设置不同比例的红蓝光组合,研究光质对非洲菊离体培养增殖阶段的影响,通过对丛生苗形态指标和生理生化指标的测定,筛选出最适LED光质条件,并初步探讨其生理机制。结果显示:(1)不同LED光质条件下,非洲菊组培苗的增殖系数差异显著,其中RB4(红蓝光比例为4∶1)处理显著高于其他处理。(2)丛生苗的株高在复合光处理下显著低于R(单一红光)和B(单一蓝光)处理;鲜重和干重在红蓝复合光RB2、RB4、RB8(红蓝光比例分别为2∶1、4∶1和8∶1)处理下均显著高于R、B和对照处理。(3)RB4处理下丛生苗的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理,比对照提高了89.62%。(4)LED复合光处理下丛生苗的丙二醛含量显著低于对照,并呈现随红光比例增加而不断降低的趋势;RB2、RB4和RB8处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于其他处理;除R处理外,其他LED光质处理的丛生苗过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于对照,并以RB4处理丛生苗过氧化氢酶活性最强。研究表明,RB2、RB4和RB8处理有助于提高非洲菊组培苗的增殖系数和干鲜重,并能够促进可溶性糖含量的增加,增强植株自身对活性氧的解毒能力,减轻植株的膜脂过氧化作用,且以RB4处理表现最优,其非洲菊丛生苗的增殖系数和可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理,干鲜重和过氧化氢酶活性均为最高,丙二醛含量显著低于除单一红光外的其他处理。     

光质对白芨组培苗生理特性及酶基因表达的影响

为探讨光质对白芨(Bletilla striata)组培苗生长发育的影响,对不同光质下白芨组培苗的生长特征、抗氧化酶活性以及酶基因表达进行了研究。结果表明,蓝光和红光对白芨生长有显著促进作用,绿光的作用不明显。除了CAT外,不同光质处理白芨的APX、POD、SOD活性均呈上升趋势,且黄光处理的白芨SOD和APX活性最高,红光处理的POD活性最高,绿光处理的抗氧化酶活性比其他光质的低,蓝光处理35~45 d对抗氧化酶基因表达具有促进作用。因此,红光和黄光促进白芨生根组培苗的长高和生根;不同光质处理总体上提高了白芨氧化酶活性;白芨抗氧化酶基因的表达在蓝光处理下最大。     

不同光质对杉木组培苗生根的影响及其机理初探北大核心CSCD

以杉木优良无性系‘洋020’组培苗为材料,比较不同光质组合处理对组培苗生根的影响,以筛选出最适宜杉木组培苗生根的光质配比;进一步以白光为对照,并结合生根率最低和最高的处理,分析不同处理间组培苗生长、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光学参数、内源性激素含量及叶绿体超微结构的差异,以揭示不同光质组合介导的组培苗生根和生长的调控机理,为杉木组培苗工厂化生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同光质组合条件下,以红蓝光质组合处理(红∶蓝=3∶1)杉木组培苗的生根率最高(71.11%),较白光对照显著提高45.61%,而蓝光处理生根率最低(12.50%)。(2)红蓝光质组合处理组培苗生物量和株高均高于白光对照和蓝光处理,且不同处理间株高存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)与对照和蓝光处理相比,红蓝光质组合处理组培苗叶片的光合色素含量和PSⅡ潜在光化学效率F_(v)/F_(o)值均显著提高,暗示该处理叶片具有较强光源捕获能力和光能利用能力。(4)叶绿体超微结构观察显示,红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗叶绿体淀粉粒数量少,体积小,且叶绿体基质和基粒片层结构清晰,有利于同化产物输出。(5)红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗具有较高的生根率与其具有较高的生长素(IAA)、较低的细胞分裂素(CTK)含量以及较高的IAA/CTK比值有关,而具有较高的株高与其较高的赤霉素(GA)和IAA含量、较低的ABA含量以及较高IAA/ABA、GA/ABA比值有关。     

不同比例红蓝光对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

为了探索番茄幼苗生长发育对红蓝组合光的响应机制,本试验采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘SV0313TG’为试材,设红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光(9R1B、6R1B、3R1B、1R1B、1R3B)7个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同比例红蓝光质对番茄幼苗生长、光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及根系活力的影响.结果表明:不同比例红蓝光质处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响具有明显差异.红光显著促进幼苗株高增加,比叶面积增大,胞间CO₂浓度提高,但PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Ф_PSⅡ)降低,根系生长受阻,根系活力下降,壮苗指数降低;蓝光下幼苗生长受到明显抑制,叶绿素含量降低,但叶绿素a/b 值升高;红蓝组合光有利于番茄幼苗的生长发育,3R1B处理下植株干物质量、叶绿素含量和光合性能均显著提高,幼苗生长健壮,壮苗指数最大.综上,红蓝组合光能够增加番茄幼苗叶片光合色素含量,提高光合效率,促进植株生长,尤以3R1B处理最佳.     

不同配比红蓝LED光对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响

以荧光灯为对照,研究不同配比红蓝LED光处理﹝包括100%红光、75%红光-25%蓝光( R31)、50%红光-50%蓝光(R11)、25%红光-75%蓝光(R13)和100%蓝光﹞对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus Linn.)果实性状、产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明：100%红光处理组黄瓜植株生长缓慢,果实发育异常,果实单株产量及VC、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量均低于其他处理组。100%蓝光处理组的果实发育正常,果实单株产量显著低于红蓝LED光组合处理组,而果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖、游离氨基酸和可溶性固形物的含量总体上显著高于其他处理组,可溶性蛋白质含量也较高。 R31处理组黄瓜果实的单果鲜质量显著高于其他处理组;R31和R11处理组的果实单株产量显著高于其他处理组,R11处理组的黄瓜果实中VC和可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于其他处理组。上述研究结果显示：黄瓜果实的单株产量和营养品质受红蓝光协同作用的影响,设施栽培黄瓜生产的较适宜光照比例为50%红光-50%蓝光。     

不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

新型光源LED辐射的不同光质配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响

采用新型光源LED辐射的红光[R,(658±20)nm]、远红光[Fr.(715±20)nm]和蓝光[B,(460±20)nm],观测不同红光/远红光(R/Fr)和红光/蓝光(R/B)配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响.试验结果表明:红光处理的植株最高,根较长.远红光和蓝光处理的植株矮小,根短细.类胡萝卜素含量与R/Fr比率呈负相关,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a b)、类胡萝卜素含量与R/B比率也呈负相关.叶绿素a/b比值与R/Fr和R/B比率呈正相关.红光有利于可溶性糖和淀粉的积累,降低色素含量.而蓝光能够逆转此效应,可促进色素和可溶性蛋白的合成.红光和蓝光组合处理的叶中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及根系活力均高于白光处理的,尤以高R/B配比光处理的组培苗生长健壮,移栽成活率最高.     

不同光质的LED对蝴蝶兰组织培养增殖及生根的影响

以蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis ssp.)栽培种绿熊(Green Bear)和大辣椒(Big Chilli)为培养材料, 研究不同光质的发光二极管(LED)组合对组织培养过程中增殖及生根的影响。结果表明, 红光更有利于蝴蝶兰单芽增殖、干重、鲜重以及株高的增加, 但不利于叶片叶绿素的积累; 蓝光有利于叶片叶绿素的积累, 并能提高根系活力; 远红光则对根长和根系活力的增加作用更显著。增殖扩繁阶段的最适LED为暖白, 2种蝴蝶兰芽增殖系数分别比白色荧光灯(对照)高出53.17%和46.37%。生根诱导阶段的最适LED组合为红:蓝:远红=3:6:1, 根长及根系活力均较对照显著增加。该研究结果为LED光源在蝴蝶兰组织培养中的应用奠定了基础。     

Growth of Tsuru-rindo (Tripterospermum japonicum) culturedin vitro under various sources of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation

We studied the effects of light generated by LEDs on the growth of Tsururindo (Tripterospermum japonicum) shoots. Apical shoots (2–3 cm long) were cultured on MS basal media supplemented with 3% sucrose, and were maintained for four weeks under five different light qualities: F (fluorescent lamp), red LED (R), 70% red + 30% blue LED (R7B3), 50% red + 50% blue (R5B5), or blue LED (B). Rooting was promoted by red light (100%) but was inhibited by blue light. Plant growth, as defined by root number, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content, was generally healthier for cultures irradiated with mixed LEDs, and was the best under R7B3. Ventilation resulted in more rapid apical shoot growth and rooting compared with control plants, when both were treated with the R7B3 system. We demonstrated here that plant growth can be controlled by using LEDs to adjust for the most effective irradiation conditions, compared with the performance observed when conventional fluorescent lamps are utilized.     

LED light for in vitro and ex vitro efficient growth of economically important highbush blueberry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vaccinium corymbosum</Emphasis> L.)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are useful for the growth of many plants, but not known for blueberry species. This study examined the effects of fluorescent lamps and 100 % red, 80 % red plus 20 % blue, 50 % red plus 50 % blue, and 100 % blue LEDs on the growth and development of highbush blueberry shoots under aseptic and non-aseptic conditions. Results revealed that monochromatic blue LEDs accumulated the highest contents of leaf chlorophylls. In contrast, monochromatic red LEDs inhibited chlorophyll accumulation, but produced the longest shoots and roots and provided high percentages of side shoot formation from ex vitro plants. Mixed LEDs, particularly 50 % red plus 50 % blue light, improved plant growth with respect to notably increased shoot and root biomass. Direct rooting of in vitro shoots under non-aseptic conditions was readily achieved using a commercial mixture of perlite and peat moss with high humidity controls. These findings obviously suggest the efficient use of LEDs to replace traditional fluorescent lamps in large-scale propagation of the highbush blueberry, and also pave the way for future studies on LEDs for standardizing micropropagation protocols to shrub crops and woody plants.     

Effects of light quality on growth and development of protocorm-like bodies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendrobium officinale</Emphasis> in vitro

The effect of light quality on protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium officinale was investigated. PLBs of D. officinale were incubated under a number of different light conditions in vitro, namely: dark conditions; fluorescent white light (Fw); red light-emitting diodes (LEDs); blue LEDs; half red plus half blue [RB (1:1)] LEDs; 67% red plus 33% blue [RB (2:1)] LEDs; and 33% red plus 67% blue [RB (1:2)] LEDs. Growth parameters, number of shoots produced per PLB, chlorophyll concentration and carotenoid concentration were measured after 90 days culture. The percentage of PLBs producing shoots was 85% under blue LEDs. In contrast, the percentage of PLBs producing shoots was less than 60% under dark conditions, fluorescent white light and red LEDs. The number of shoots produced per PLB was more than 1.5 times greater under blue LEDs, RB (1:1) LEDs and RB (1:2) LEDs than those cultured under other light treatments [dark, Fw, red LEDs and RB (2:1)]. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were significantly higher under blue LEDs and different red plus blue LED ratios, compared to other light treatments (dark, Fw and red LEDs). Blue LEDs, Fw, and RB (1:2) LEDs produced higher dry matter accumulations of PLBs and shoots. This study suggests that blue LEDs or RB (1:2) LEDs could significantly promote the production of shoots by protocorm-like bodies of D. officinale and increase the dry matter of PLBs and the accumulation of shoot dry matter in vitro.     

Light effects on in vitro adventitious root formation in axillary shoots of mature Prunus serotina

Light effects on in vitro adventitious root formation in axillary shoots of a 95-year-old black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were examined using microcuttings derived from cultured vegetative buds. Three studies were performed: 1) complete darkness and 4 levels of continuous white light irradiance were tested at 70, 278, 555 and 833 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹; 2) white, red, yellow and blue light were tested to assess the importance of spectral quality; and 3) the effect of blue light at intensities of 7,15, 22 and 30 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ was also studied, Measurements included rooting percentage, total number of roots per shoot, and shoot and root dry weight. There was a strong negative effect of white light intensity upon root formation. Blue light between 15 and 22 μmol m⁻²: s⁻¹ significantly retarded root formation and completely inhibited it at 36 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Shoots treated with yellow light exhibited the highest rooting percentage, mean number of roots per shoot, and root dry weight.     

Responses of strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro under superbright red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

Unrooted strawberry cv. `Akihime' shoots with three leaves obtained from standard mixotrophic cultures were cultured in the ``Culture Pack'-rockwool system with sugar-free MS medium under CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched condition. To examine the effect of superbright red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on in vitro growth of plantlets, these cultures were placed in an incubator, ``LED PACK', with either red LEDs, red LEDs1blue LEDs or blue LEDs light source. To clarify the optimum blue and red LED ratio, cultures were placed in ``LED PACK 3' under LED light source with either 100, 90, 80, or 70% red + 0, 10, 20, 30% blue, respectively, and also under standard heterotrophic conditions. To determine the effects of irradiation level, cultures were grown under 90% red LEDs + 10% blue LEDs at 45, 60 or 75 mol m^–2 s^–1 . Plantlet growth was best at 70% red + 30% blue LEDs. The optimal light intensity was 60 mol m^–2 s^–1. Growth after transfer to soil was also best after in vitro culture with plantlets produced were 70% red LEDs + 30% blue LEDs.     

Impact of light-emitting diode irradiation on photosynthesis,phytochemical composition and mineral element content of lettuce cv. Grizzly

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising technology with a potential to improve the irradiance efficiency, light quality, and the light spectrum for increasing plant yield and quality. In this experiment, we investigated the impacts of various LED light qualities, including 100% red, 100% blue, 70% red + 30% blue, and 100% white, on the growth and photosynthesis, phytochemical contents, and mineral element concentrations in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Grizzly’) in comparison to normal greenhouse conditions. Photon flux of 300 µmol m^?2 s^?1 was provided for 14 h by 120 LEDs set on a 60 cm × 60 cm sheet of aluminum platform in the growth chambers, where plants were grown for 60 d. Fresh mass per plant was significantly higher when grown under 100% blue and 70% red + 30% blue LEDs compared to the other environments including greenhouse conditions. Phytochemical concentrations and a nutritive value of lettuce were also significantly affected by the light treatments. Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations increased in the plants grown under 70% red + 30% blue LEDs compared to those grown in the greenhouse. Vitamin C content was 2.25-fold higher in the plants grown under 100% blue LEDs compared to those grown in the greenhouse. Higher photosynthesis and maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry were also observed in the plants treated with LED lights. The application of LED light led to the elevated concentrations of macro-and micronutrients in lettuce possibly because of the direct effect of LED light and lower stress conditions in the growth chambers compared to the greenhouse. Although the mechanism of the changes in lettuce grown under LED is not well understood, the results of this study demonstrated that LED light could be used to enhance the growth and nutritional value of lettuce in indoor plant production facilities.     

光质对紫背天葵生长、次生代谢和抗氧化胁迫的影响

以紫背天葵为供试材料,采用LED灯精量调控光质和光强,研究相同光照强度(350±5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)下,白光(W)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)、黄光(Y)、红蓝混合光(RB)、红蓝黄混合光(RBY)对紫背天葵生长、次生代谢和氧化胁迫抗性的影响.结果表明:与白光(W)相比,红光(R)能够显著促进紫背天葵植株的生长以及干物质和可溶性糖含量的积累;而蓝光(B)则抑制紫背天葵的生长;叶绿素含量在有色光处理下均显著降低;虽然红蓝黄混合光(RBY)未能显著提升紫背天葵的干物质含量,但总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量显著提升,这些还原态物质的积累有利于提高紫背天葵的抗氧化能力,在增强自身抗逆性的同时提升营养价值.本研究为光质调控紫背天葵的多样化生产提供了理论依据.     

Shoot and root culture of Hypericum perforatum L. transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS

Hairy root cultures of Hypericum perforatum were obtained following inoculation of aseptically germinated seedlings with A. rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS. Effect of sucrose on the growth and biomass production of hairy root cultures was investigated. Hairy root cultures spontaneously regenerated shoots buds from which a number of shoot culture clones was established. Transformed shoot cultures exhibited good shoot multiplication, elongation and rooting on a hormone-free woody plant medium. Plants regenerated from hairy roots were similar in appearance to the normal, nontransformed plants.     

浙江镜湖湿地3种菌根植物根部真菌群落多样性及对金属元素富集能力的研究

城市湿地（urban wetland）植物多样性水平高,并具有积极的净化和美化环境的作用。本研究以浙江绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园为研究样地,通过ICP-AES检测了人工园区和次生林土壤中几种金属元素（Al、Cr、Cu、K和Zn）的含量,比较不同类型的菌根植物——黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）（AM）、六月霜（Monochasma sauatieri Franch）（AM）和乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb）（ERM）对金属元素的富集作用。通过高通量测序分析各宿主植物根部真菌群落的组成和结构,比较其对宿主植物金属富集能力的影响。结果表明：（1）人工园区土壤中5种金属元素的含量均显著高于次生林下的土壤;（2）乌饭树对Al的富集能力较强,黑麦草和六月霜富集Cr能力都较强;（3）3种植物根部真菌主要来自Ascomycota,而乌饭树根部Basidiomycota也是优势真菌,AM真菌在黑麦草和六月霜根部真菌群落结构中较少,而公认的ERM真菌Helotiales和Sebacinales在乌饭树根部真菌群落中的比例较高,且与所测金属元素无显著相关性。绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园次生林土壤环境保持良好。