香豆素和寡糖素对马铃薯试管结薯的影响

本研究将生理活性物质香豆素、人参寡糖素和黑节草寡糖素分别加入含有BAP5.0mg/l、蔗糖8％的MS基本培养基中,用于诱导马铃薯试管结薯,并与加入矮壮素诱导的结薯效果作了比较。结果表明,在加入100mg/l香豆素时,试管结薯的数量与使用500mg/l矮壮素效果相近似。使用50mg/l人参寡糖素或10mg/l黑节草寡糖素时,试管结薯的数量明显超过或略超过用500mg/l矮壮素的效果。对4种处理下获得的试管薯进行了过氧化物酶的同工酶及酶活性的测定。结果表明,这4种不同的外源生长调节剂在使用浓度恰当时,所结薯块的过氧化物酶同工酶谱和过氧化物酶活性是近似的。     

不同浓度香豆素诱导无病毒马铃薯试管薯的氨基酸分析

通过对不同浓度香豆素诱导处理的无病毒马铃薯试管薯和用矮壮素500ppm诱导的试管薯的氨基酸成分分析,表明香豆素100ppm和矮壮素500ppm诱导的试管薯在氨基酸成份上基本相同,其中人体必需的氨基酸含量差异也不大。香豆素250ppm处理诱导的试管薯的氨基酸分析中组氨酸含量减少,检测系统没有显示。     

水杨酸对马铃薯试管微薯形成的影响研究

研究了不同浓度水杨酸（ＳＡ）对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长,分化及试管微薯诱导和发育的 浓度ＳＡ显著抑帛式管苗主茎和根的生长,促进侧枝和匍匐茎分化。高浓度（０．１－１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＳＡ能诱导试管微薯形成并显著提高结薯率。ＳＡ浓度为０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,结薯率最高,且成薯集中,薯块大小整齐一致。     

“固液双层”培养法诱导马铃薯‘米拉’试管薯的研究

该研究以马铃薯‘米拉’品种的脱毒试管苗为材料,采用"固液双层"的培养方式,通过正交试验对其试管苗壮苗生长阶段和试管薯诱导阶段的培养基进行优化,并通过单因素试验研究蔗糖浓度、光照条件和CCC浓度对试管薯结薯的影响。结果表明:在"固液双层"培养中,‘米拉’壮苗培养阶段优化的培养基为改良MS培养基(硝酸铵为2 000 mg·L~(-1)、硝酸钾为2 000 mg·L~(-1))+500 mg·L~(-1)CCC+0.1%活性炭+0.1mg·L~(-1)DA-6+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+3%蔗糖+6 g·L~(-1)琼脂,pH 5.8。试管薯诱导及生长阶段优化的培养基为MS_1培养基(微量元素和铁盐的用量为MS培养基的2倍)+1.5%活性炭+4 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+8%蔗糖。在试管薯诱导阶段,弱光4 h·d~(-1)培养诱导的试管薯,结薯指数、大薯率、薯块重量均优于暗培养。"固液双层"培养是一种低成本的方法,在组织培养室内就可以大量繁殖‘米拉’试管薯,并且能增加原种的数量,这种方法也能用于马铃薯其他栽培品种试管薯的诱导。     

光质对马铃薯试管薯形成的影响

以两个试管薯形成能力不同的马铃薯脱毒试管苗为材料,研究不同光质(白光、红光、蓝光)对马铃薯试管苗生长和试管薯形成的影响.结果表明：红光下试管苗叶片的净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和生物量最高,试管苗叶片数多.蓝光对试管苗干物质含量和试管苗发育后期的结薯数量以及结薯期提前有明显促进作用,但对试管苗株高有明显抑制作用.白光下试管苗净光合速率和干物质含量最低.不同品种试管薯的形成对光质的要求有一定差异.总之,壮苗培养阶段采用红光,试管薯诱导阶段采用蓝光处理利于提高试管薯产量.     

‘红皮’马铃薯试管苗培养和微型薯诱导

以‘红皮’马铃薯块茎上的芽为材料进行试管苗诱导、增殖及试管微型薯诱导研究。结果表明：在MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L +活性炭0.17% + 蔗糖20 g/L培养基中培养30 d,试管苗增殖系数达8.6;MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L +活性炭0.17% +蔗糖100 g/L培养基中试管微型薯诱导效果较好,30 d后诱导率达62.5%,试管薯平均直径为4.2 mm。     

植物组织培养技术在农业生产上的研究和应用

为了解决马铃薯种薯的退化和长途调运的问题,昆明市农业局农业技术推广站,建立了专门从事脱毒马铃薯试管苗快繁和生产微型薯的实验室,该室生产方法简单,每瓶结薯数平均可达15个,该实验室1990年8月至12月间共生产试管薯1,1000个,大部分试管薯播种在网室中,少数在大田做繁殖试验。继代培养30天左右的试管苗诱导结薯效果最好,继代培养的光周期越短,越易诱导结薯。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导及其遗传转化体系的优化

目的：对马铃薯试管薯诱导及遗传转化体系进行优化研究。方法：利用3种培养法对马铃薯品种甘农薯2号和Favorita进行了试管薯的诱导,并用农杆菌介导法对其遗传转化体系进行优化研究。结果：用固体培养、固液培养和液体培养法诱导的甘农薯2号试管薯单瓶平均结薯数分别为4．6、4．4和6．5个,块茎平均直径分别为6．2、5．8和7．7ram;而Favorita单瓶平均结薯数为5．4、5．8和7．4个,平均直径分别达6．2、5．9和7．3mm。用浓度为OD600=0．5的农杆菌菌液侵染8min,共培养2d能够获得较高的转化频率。结论：液体培养法诱导试管薯的效果最好,建立的高频率遗传转化体系使甘农薯2号和Favorita的转化频率分别可达42．6％和36．8％。     

GA_3,BA和NAA对马铃薯试管薯形成的效应(简报)

正交试验结果表明,马铃薯在离体条件下培养基中添加BA 或NAA有试管薯产生;添加GA_3试管薯不形成。块茎形成以培养基中含 BA5mg/L;BA2mg/L NAA2mg/L和BAlmg/L NAA5mg/L较好。三种植物生长调节物质对试管薯重量的影响大小顺序为NAA>GA_3>BA。     

施加外源抗坏血酸促进马铃薯试管薯形成及其机制初步研究

为研究抗坏血酸(AsA)处理对马铃薯试管薯形成和结薯相关基因表达的影响及敲除结薯关键基因Solanum tuberosum self-prunning 6A(StSP6A)对AsA诱导马铃薯结薯的效应,利用不同浓度(0、1、5、10、20和50 mmol/L)外源AsA处理2个二倍体马铃薯CIP-149(Solanum phureja)、CIP-178(S.ajanhuiri)和四倍体C-88(S.tuberosum)。结果表明,1~5 mmol/L外源AsA处理可显著诱导马铃薯块茎的形成。对10个块茎形成相关基因的表达分析结果表明,外源添加1 mmol/L AsA可显著影响块茎形成相关基因的表达,与对照相比,总体上呈正调控基因表达增强或负调控因子表达被抑制的趋势,特别是StSP6A在AsA处理过程中的块茎形成早期表达量极显著上调,敲除StSP6A可消除外源AsA对马铃薯块茎形成的诱导作用。这些结果表明,AsA诱导马铃薯块茎形成是通过调控与块茎形成相关的基因表达来实现的,而StSP6A在AsA诱导马铃薯块茎形成中起关键作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism