睡菜离体快繁技术的研究

以睡菜的幼嫩茎段为外植体,接种到附加不同浓度激素配比(6-BA/NAA)的MS培养基,诱导睡菜愈伤组织、芽及根的生长。研究发现,外植体在1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+MS的培养基上培养10d,可观察到浅绿色的愈伤组织。愈伤组织转接到4.0mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L NAA+MS培养基上2周左右可生成芽。对带芽的愈伤组织再进行诱导生根进而形成完整再生植株,最适根诱导培养基为0.3mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA+MS培养基。该实验采用植物离体快繁技术成功建立了睡菜再生体系,为睡菜种苗规模化奠定了技术基础。     

2个甜瓜品种高效再生体系的建立

以甜瓜厚皮品种绿宝石和薄皮品种甘甜一号为材料,研究了5d龄无菌苗的子叶外植体在附加6-BA和IAA的不同浓度组合培养基上的分化情况.结果表明:2个品种在不定芽和愈伤组织的分化上存在着较大的差异,绿宝石在含有6-BA2.0mg·L-1的分化培养基上的不定芽诱导率最高,达93.75%;而甘甜一号品种在含有6-BA1.0mg·L-1和6-BA2.0mg·L-1的分化培养基上的不定芽分化频率均为100%.另外,随着IAA浓度的增大,疏松愈伤组织的分化均有加重的趋势;而提高6-BA的浓度,虽然分化进程有所加快,但玻璃化-褐化程度加重.本项研究为应用转基因技术改良甜瓜品种的重要育种性状奠定了组织培养方面的基础.     

拟南芥胚愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

CullusInductionandPlantletRegenerationinEmbryoExplantsofAra－bidopsisthalianaLIXiU-Ru(BeijingAgriculturalCollege,Beijing102206)##D1植物名称拟南芥（Arabidopsisthaliana）。2材料类别胚。3培养条件（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：B5或1／2MS＋2,4－D0．5mg·L－1（单位下同）＋BA0．05十2％蔗糖或葡萄糖;（2）诱导生芽培养基：B5、MS或1／2MS＋2,4-D0．05＋BA0．5＋3％蔗糖;（3）诱导生根培养基：1／2MS＋2,4-D1．0。将种子表面消毒后,接种在B5培养基上,1天后剥胚,将胚接种在培养基（1）上进行愈伤组织诱导。…     

百脉根愈伤组织原生质体再生植株

百脉根无菌苗幼茎在含２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ－,２,４－Ｄ,０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ２－ｉｐ的ＭＳ培养基上诱导和继代培养愈伤组织。选取绿色松散颗粒愈伤组织分离原生质体。原生质体培养在调整珠ＫＭ８Ｐ,Ｖ－ＫＭ,ＭＳ和ＳＨ培养基上「含３００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＨ,２％ＣＷ,２％蔗糖,６％葡萄糖,２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,２,４－Ｄ,０．５ｍｇｇ／Ｌ,ＢＡ,５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＭＥＳ」,原生质体再生细胞均能分裂,并形成小愈伤组织,但以ＫＭ８０为     

怀牛膝愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

1植物名称怀牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)种子由河南省温县农业科学研究所提供. 2材料类别子叶. 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.诱导愈伤组织及再分化的培养基:(1)MS 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 0.1;(2)MS 2,4-D 1.0 6-BA 1.0.生根培养基:(3)MS NAA 0.05.以上培养基均添加3%蔗糖、0.60%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.2,培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度2 000 lx,光照时间14 h·d-1.     

何首乌愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

1　植物名称　何首乌 (Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ)。2　材料类别　蒙山阳坡路旁野生植株上的嫩芽。3　培养条件　诱导愈伤组织培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 1 ;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 1 ;(3) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .3;(4) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 0 .1 ;(5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ0 .3;(6 ) 1 /2ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 1 ;(7)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 2 ,4 Ｄ 1。芽分化培养基 :(8)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ;(9)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ;(1 0 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;(1 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .4;(1 2 …     

花生成熟胚胚轴的植株再生和快繁

利用正交试验筛选出了以花生成熟胚胚轴为外植体获得较高频率的不定芽分化和植株再生的条件,并在此基础上对花生试管苗的快速繁殖进行了研究,研究表明,4d龄实生苗的花生胚轴,接种于MS NAA0.4mg/L TDZ0.2mg/L诱导培养基上培养28d后,转移到MSo可获得丛生的再生苗。将丛生苗分离,接种到P1培养基（MS NAA0.4mg/L BAP0.5mg/L）,小苗长大,把较大的试管苗切成带叶节的茎段,接种于含不同浓度的TDZ和BAP的快繁培养基,结果表明,TDZ0.2mg/L最适宜试管苗的快繁,繁殖系数可达4.8/月,试管苗经IBA诱导生根后,移栽田间,开花结果。     

油桐叶片愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以油桐无菌苗叶片为试材,研究不同种类及浓度的植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织诱导、分化、增殖及生根的影响。结果表明：叶片愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基为1／2MS＋2．omg·L-16-BA＋1．0mg·L～2,4-D,诱导率达100％;最佳分化培养基为1／2MS＋3．0mg·L～6-BA＋0．1mg·L-1。IBA＋0．05mg·L—IAA,分化率为86．36％;最佳继代增殖培养基MS＋3．0mg·L～6-BA＋0．05mg·L。IBA;最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋O．1mg·L-1。IBA,生根率93．83％。炼苗后移栽到泥炭土：珍珠岩：蛭石=2：1：1的基质中,成活率达92％以上。     

三倍体毛白杨组织脱分化培养与植株体再生

采用毛白杨三倍体幼叶作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基获得了再生植株。从NAA和IAA与6-BA间进行的18个正交试验中,选择出适宜脱分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,对三倍体毛白杨愈伤组织诱导率为87.6%。5种生长素与6-BA配比的再分化培养基中,12MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 0.1mg/L对不定芽的分化诱导率可达到68.5%;MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L的培养基可使单芽直接增殖出7.4个芽。在MS+IBA 1.0mg/L的生根培养基上,试管苗的生根率可达85.7%。     

向日葵离体再生体系的建立

为了建立高效的向日葵离体再生体系,从基因差异、外植体取材、生长素和细胞分裂素浓度、附加物的添加等方面出发,对向日葵愈伤诱导、分化、生根等过程进行了系统优化。结果表明：杂交材料相对于自交材料更容易实现再生;最佳外植体是生长4 d的子叶;最佳愈伤诱导培养基是MS培养基 (MS) +2.0 mg/L 6-苄基腺嘌呤 (6-BA)+0.5 mg/L奈乙酸 (NAA)+1.0 mg/L激动素 (KT),诱导率最高可达100％;最佳分化培养基是MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L KT+0.3 mg/L硝酸银 (AgNO3)+0.2 g/L活性炭 (AC),芽分化率可达71％;最佳生根培养基是1/2 MS+0.6 mg/L吲哆丁酸 (IBA),生根率最高为77％。方差分析表明,材料基因型、外植体生长时间、激素、AgNO3、AC对向日葵再生呈现显著性影响。     

Plant Regeneration from Wheat Leaf Explants

The factors affecting the callus formation and regeneration capacity of leaf explants of four genotypes of the genus Triticum, viz. T. aestivum, cvs. Taezhnaya and Chinese Spring; T. durum, cv. Kollektivnaya; and T. persicum, were investigated. The process of callus formation did not depend on the explant genotype. Apical leaf segments were characterized by the lowest capacity of callus formation. In contrast, the rate of plant regeneration was correlated with the genotype and the explant developmental stage. The highest number of regenerants was obtained from a basal segment of three-day-old seedlings ofT. aestivum, cv. Taezhnaya. The yield of plants from one explant was doubled due to the use of maltose in the regeneration medium. The prospects of using leaf segments as the explants for the genetic transformation of wheat plants are discussed.     

Plant regeneration from hypocotyl segments of Lupinus luteus cv. L. Aurea

Complete plants of Lupinus luteus L. cv. Aurea that were regenerated from hypocotyl segments, bloomed, produced seeds and were efficiently nodulated by Bradyrhizobium sp. strains. The highest rates of shoot formation were obtained on A medium plus 1.3% agar with 10.0 M 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and 0.11 M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); the best rooting was achieved on a medium with 0.5 M NAA plus 0.05 M 2iP. Afterward, plantlets were transferred to either perlite or peat-containing pots and irrigated with a N-free nutrient solution until maturity. Direct rooting of hypocotyls could also be obtained on A medium with 1% agar.     

Effect of Spirostane Analogues of Brassinosteroids on Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Two spirostane analogues of brassinosteroids (BB-6 and MH-5) were tested for callus induction and plant regeneration in lettuce. They were used as a cytokinin (6-BA) substitute or in combination with 6-BA at different concentrations. Treatment with 0.1 mg l⁻¹ 6-BA was used as control. Results showed that there was no callus induction when 6-BA was substituted by these analogues. However, BB-6 and MH-5 enhanced both callus formation and shoot regeneration from cotyledons in lettuce when added at determined concentrations with 0.1 mg l⁻¹ of 6-BA in the culture medium.     

A rapid and efficient method for regeneration of plantlets from embryo explants of cumin (Cuminum cyminum)

A new, simple and efficient method was developed for multiple shoot regeneration of cumin from imbibed embryo cultures. This method yielded a large number of shoots within short period of time (30–50 days) without any subculturing. The effects of different media, different embryo explants and various combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus formation and shoot regeneration in cumin were investigated. Simultaneous callus formation and shoot regeneration was obtained. The best response for multiple shoot regeneration was observed on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg l^–1 BAP, 0.2 mg l^–1 NAA and 0.4 mg l^–1 IAA, with an average of 140 shoots per explant.     

一种快速有效的741杨离体叶片再生芽方法

在对杂交品种741杨(Populus alba(P.davidiana×P.simonii)×P.tomentosa)进行农杆菌介导法转基因的试验中发现了一种快速有效的叶片再生芽的方法.首先叶片外植体在培养基Ⅰ(MS培养基添加0.5 mg/L BA和1.0 mg/L 2,4-D)上培养2～3 d,再转移到培养基SH(MSmedium containing 2.0 mg/L of BA and 0.1 mg/L of NAA)上培养10 d,然后再转移到培养基Ⅱ(MSmedium with 0.5 mg/L of BA)上,培养大约5 d之后86.7%的叶片外植体产生的芽,每片叶片外植体(1 cm×1 cm)可产生40～50个芽.但是,如果叶片外植体在培养基Ⅰ上培养的时间长于5 d,再依次转移到培养基SH和Ⅱ上,则叶片会产生大量根.     

Establishment of Camptotheca acuminata regeneration from leaf explants

Plantlet regeneration through shoot formation from young leaf explant-derived callus of Camptotheca acuminata is described. Calli were obtained by placing leaf explants on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Callus induction was observed in all media evaluated. On the shoot induction medium, the callus induced on the WPM medium containing 19.8 μM BA and 5.8 μM NAA was the most effective, providing high shoot regeneration frequency (70.3 %) as well as the highest number of shoots (11.2 shoots explant⁻¹). The good rooting percentage and root quality (98 %, 5.9 roots shoot⁻¹) were achieved on WPM medium supplemented with 9.6 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). 96 % of the in vitro rooted plantlets with well developed shoots and roots survived transfer to soil.