饲料中添加溶菌酶对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫-抗氧化功能及血清抗菌性能的影响

为研究在饲料中添加不同水平的溶菌酶制品对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、免疫-抗氧化功能和血清抗菌性能的影响, 选用平均体重为(11.350.08)g的吉富罗非鱼960尾, 随机分为6组(每组4个重复, 每个重复40尾), 分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和5种添加水平分别为18、36、54、72和90 mg/kg溶菌酶制品的试验饲料, 养殖周期为60d。结果表明: (1) 54 mg/kg溶菌酶添加组鱼的生长性能和饲料利用情况最优, 增重率和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组, 饲料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05); 肝体比随溶菌酶添加水平的增加呈现下降趋势, 90 mg/kg添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05); 脾脏指数在36和54mg/kg添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05); 全鱼粗蛋白和粗灰分含量在54 mg/kg添加组均呈现较高水平, 显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)溶菌酶添加水平对罗非鱼的免疫-抗氧化能力产生影响, 54和72 mg/kg添加水平能显著提高鱼体血清和肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性, 降低丙二醛含量(P0.05); 肝脏溶菌酶活性在54和72 mg/kg添加组均显著高于对照组(P0.05), 而血清溶菌酶活性随溶菌酶添加水平的增加呈现下降趋势(L90组除外), 显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(3)血清抗菌试验显示, 54和72 mg/kg溶菌酶添加组罗非鱼对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌和溶藻弧菌的抑制能力显著高于对照组(P0.05), 而对枯草芽孢杆菌的抵抗能力最低, 比对照组分别低34.71%和42.21% (P0.05)。结果表明, 在本试验条件下, 在吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加54 mg/kg溶菌酶制品可以改善其生长性能; 当添加水平为54和72 mg/kg时, 罗非鱼的免疫-抗氧化能力和血清抗菌性能均得到了显著提高。     

饲料中添加刺五加对吉富罗非鱼脂质沉积、抗氧化能力及肠道消化酶和微生物的影响

为明确饲料中添加刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)超微粉对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)脂质沉积、抗氧化能力及肠道消化酶和微生物的影响, 通过为期8周的饲养试验, 在饲料中添加4‰的刺五加超微粉(中草药添加剂), 对比研究饲料添加刺五加后吉富罗非鱼肠道消化酶、肝脏生化指标和肠道微生物组成的变化。结果表明: (1)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著提高肠道消化酶(淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶)含量, 罗非鱼生长速度和饲料利用效率均显著升高; (2)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著降低肝脏甘油三酯(Triglyceride, TG)和总胆固醇(Total cholesterol, TC)水平, 同时肝脏丙二醛(Malondialdehyde, MDA)含量降低、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性升高; (3)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著影响肠道微生物组成, 提升肠道微生物alpha多样性, 部分多样性指数与淀粉酶、脂肪酶、SOD显著正相关, 与TC、TG显著负相关; (4)变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是吉富罗非鱼肠道优势菌门。筛选出的核心差异菌属是显著富集于对照组的肠弧菌属(Enterovibrio)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和霍氏弧菌属(Grimontia), 显著富集于刺五加添加组的劳森氏菌属(Lawsonia)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和短螺旋体属(Brevinema), 在吉富罗非鱼肠道内存在着一定丰度的潜在致病菌。(5)PICRUSt2功能预测表明代谢(Metabolism)在一级功能层显著富集, 对照组疾病(Human diseases)代谢通路相对丰度显著高于刺五加添加组, 两个处理组在二级功能层有相似的分布特征, 肠道菌群的多样性功能将在代谢中发挥重要作用。综上, 饲料中添加刺五加超微粉可以影响吉富罗非鱼的肠道酶活、肝脏生化指标和肠道菌群组成和功能, 促进罗非鱼的健康生长。     

环境铜离子对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、脂代谢、肝胰脏和脾脏组织的影响

为探究水体中Cu2+对罗非鱼(GIFT tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、肝胰脏脂代谢和脾脏免疫功能的影响, 实验设置水体Cu2+浓度分别为0(对照组)、0.2、0.4和0.8 mg/L, 每个浓度处理组设置3个实验重复, 选择初始体重为(0.45±0.02) g的健康罗非鱼幼体, 随机分配至12个养殖缸中, 进行4周的养殖实验。结果显示: (1) 在水体Cu2+胁迫下, 罗非鱼的存活率、增重率和特定生长率均显著下降; 0.4和0.8 mg/L Cu2+浓度组罗非鱼的肝体比显著高于对照组和0.2 mg/L处理组。(2) 0.4和0.8 mg/L处理组罗非鱼肝胰脏中甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组, 但与0.2 mg/L处理组之间无显著差异; 肝胰脏中总胆固醇含量与3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶活力在各组间无显著差异。(3) 在水体Cu2+胁迫下, 罗非鱼血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶活力均显著上升; 血清甘油三酯含量呈先下降后上升的趋势, 且0.8 mg/L处理组含量显著高于0.2 mg/L处理组; 0.8 mg/L Cu2+处理组罗非鱼血清谷丙转氨酶活力显著高于0.2和0.4 mg/L处理组, 但与对照组无显著差异。(4) 组织学结果表明, 水体过量Cu2+使罗非鱼肝胰脏组织空泡化现象严重, 脂滴含量显著高于对照组; 脾脏组织出现较大面积的巨噬细胞中心, 且脂褐素含量显著增加。研究表明, 水体Cu2+暴露显著降低了罗非鱼生长性能, 并导致肝胰脏和血清脂肪沉积, 造成肝胰脏、脾脏损伤。研究为明确重金属环境下养殖鱼类腹腔脂肪蓄积及脾脏损伤机制提供了数据参考。     

饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin对吉富罗非鱼肠道健康的影响

为研究饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)肠道健康指标的影响, 实验将平均体重为(12.010.03) g/尾的320尾吉富罗非鱼, 随机分为4组, 每组4个重复, 每个重复20尾鱼, 分别投喂抗菌肽Surfactin添加水平为0(对照组)、50、100和200 mg/kg的试验饲料7周。结果显示: 与对照组相比, 吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加抗菌肽Surfactin可使肠道皱襞高度显著增加(P0.05), 肌层厚度无显著变化(P0.05); 大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05), 乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05), 细菌总数无显著变化(P0.05); 显著提高肠道总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性(200 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组除外)(P0.05), 显著降低肠道丙二醛水平(P0.05), 对过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响(P0.05); 吉富罗非鱼肠道健康指标以50 mg/kg抗菌肽Surfactin添加组最佳。试验表明, 吉富罗非鱼饲料中适量添加抗菌肽Surfactin可增加肠道皱襞高度、调节肠道菌群和提高肠道抗氧化能力而改善肠道健康状态。     

紫罗酮和麦角固醇对酵母生长及产辅酶Q10的影响

研究了β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇对酵母生长及产辅酶Q10的影响。研究发现,β-紫罗酮能促进菌体积累辅酶Q10,当培养基中β-紫罗酮的添加量为0·208×10-3mol/L时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了28·3%;少量麦角固醇能促进菌体产辅酶Q10,当麦角固醇的添加量为0·15×10-4mol/L时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了31·8%,而增加麦角固醇的添加量为0·60×10-4mol/L时则会抑制菌体产辅酶Q10;同时添加β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇时,菌体中CoQ10的含量提高了36·1%。研究结果表明,β-紫罗酮和麦角固醇能有效地促进菌体产辅酶Q10,这为发酵法生产辅酶Q10提供了一条新的研究思路。     

环境相关四环素长期暴露对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢和抗氧化反应的影响

为研究水环境浓度四环素(Tetracycline,TC)长期暴露对鱼类的影响,实验以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验模型,将其暴露于0、400和800 ng/L三种四环素水平下10周。结果表明,相较于对照组,四环素暴露显著提高了生长性能,但增加了肝脏中甘油三酯含量和四环素浓度。脂肪生成基因表达(fas、scd、accα、srebp1和pparγ)被上调,但降低了与脂肪分解相关基因的表达(atgl、hsl、cpt1和pparα)。此外,6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(6PGD)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(ME)及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的活性显著增加,但肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)活性则被显著抑制,这与基因表达相一致。而且,四环素暴露显著降低过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶的活性及总抗氧化能力,并诱导了鱼类的氧化应激,导致丙二醛水平显著增加。因此,与环境相关四环素浓度可促进吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、上调产脂代谢、降低抗氧化能力并诱导脂质过氧化。     

辅酶Q10补充对青少年运动员肝线粒体功能和有氧运动能力的影响

目的：观察CoQ10补充对青少年运动员肝线粒体功能和有氧运动能力的影响。方法：18名进行耐力训练的男性青少年游泳运动员单盲随机分为Q组及P组,分别补充CoQ10 100mg／d或安慰剂28d。结果：①补充后Q组血浆CoQ10浓度显著增高,且显著高于P组;②补充后Q组安静状态的血浆MDA水平无显著改变,且显著低于P组;③首次恒定负荷运动后总体血浆CoQ10浓度较安静状态显著降低;④总体血浆CoQ10基础浓度与首次递增负荷运动中测定的VO2max显著正相关;⑤补充前后在1h耐力运动中动脉血酮体比的改变程度Q组与P组无组间差异;⑥Q组与P组VO2 max、个体乳酸阈和运动节省化的改变程度无组间差异。结论：尽管急性耐力运动中机体对CoQ10的需求增加,CoQ10补充也可降低血浆脂质过氧化水平,外源性CoQ10不能改善青少年运动员的肝线粒体功能和有氧运动能力。     

微生物法高产辅酶Q10的研究进展

辅酶Q10是呼吸链上的一种电子传递体,具有抗氧化功能.微生物法生产辅酶Q10具有产物活性高、原料成本低并可以通过规模放大提高生产能力等优点.综述了微生物法生产辅酶Q10的生产菌种,以及能够提高辅酶Q10产量的各种不同的方法策略.     

促进剂对发酵生产辅酶Q10的影响

研究了几种促进剂对放射型根瘤菌细胞生长及其辅酶Q10发酵的影响。结果表明:在培养基中适量添加VB1、乙酸钠、花生油均可明显提高辅酶Q10的产量,使用正交试验优化后的促进剂组合可使辅酶Q10产量达到50.7 mg/L,比对照组提高33%。     

饲料能量密度和投喂水平对吉富罗非鱼生长和健康的影响

为探讨饲料能量密度(DED)和投喂水平(DFR)对鱼类生长和健康的影响,本试验采用2×2双因子设计,设置2个DED(对照组和高糖高脂组)和2个DFR(1倍和1.2倍表观饱食投喂对照组饲料的能量水平),研究DED和DFR对吉富罗非鱼[Oreochromis niloticus,(14.59±0.06)g]生长性能、饲料利...     

Effect of Oral Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on the Oxidation Resistance of Human VLDL+LDL Fraction: Absorption and Antioxidative Properties of Oil and Granule-Based Preparations

Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) is supposed to be an important endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidant. We studied 60 healthy 46 ± 7 (mean ± SD)-year-old smoking men. They were randomized into three groups to receive oil-based or granular Q10 (90 mg/d) or placebo for 2 months. Oil-based capsule elevated Q10 in plasma by 178% and in VLDL+LDL fraction by 160%. The granular preparation increased Q10 in plasma by 168% and in VLDL+LDL by 127%. However, the 2-month Q10 supplementation did not increase the oxidation resistance of VLDL+LDL fraction, as assessed by copper induced VLDL+LDL oxidation, haemin+H₂O₂-induced VLDL+LDL oxidation, total antioxidative capacity of LDL, and plasma malondialdehyde measurements. The first and the last dose was used to carry out a 12 h pharmacokinetic study (five subjects per group), which indicated that only a small part of supplemented Q10 was absorbed to the circulation in 12 h and that the absorption varied extensively between subjects. Our results suggest that at least among smoking men, 90 mg of orally supplemented Q10 daily does not increase the oxidation resistance of VLDL+LDL. Bioavailability of both the granular and the oil-based Q10 preparation was similar during the long-term supplementation, but one dose of 30 mg had only a marginal effect on the plasma levels of Q10. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.     

Effect of coenzyme Q10 on catalase activity and other antioxidant parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Although coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a component of the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria that converts the energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids into ATP to drive cellular machinery and synthesis, its effect in type I diabetes is not clear. We have studied the effect of 4 wk of treatment with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, ip, daily) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (40 mg/kg, iv in adult rats) type I diabetes rat models. Treatment with CoQ10 produced a significant decrease in elevated levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein, lowdensity lipoprotein, and atherogenic index and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. CoQ10 treatment significantly decreased the area under the curve over 120 min for glucose in diabetic rats, without affecting serum insulin levels and the area under the curve over 120 min for insulin in diabetic rats. CoQ10 treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant parameters like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the liver homogenates of diabetic rats. CoQ10 also lowered the elevated blood pressure in diabetic rats. In conclusion, CoQ10 treatment significantly improved deranged carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of experimental chemically induced diabetes in rats. The mechanism of its beneficial effect appears to be its antioxidant property.     

辅酶Q10 对子痫前期中氧化应激的防治作用的研究进展

子痫前期是导致全球孕产妇和围生儿发病和死亡的主要原因之一.子痫前期的病因至今尚未明确,但是大量研究已证实多系统的氧化应激与子痫前期发病机制有关.辅酶Q10是目前受到广泛关注的一种抗氧化剂,并且已有辅酶Q10药品制剂问世.本文从细胞水平简要总结了氧化应激与子痫前期发病机制的关系,并讨论了辅酶Q10对予痫前期中氧化应激的防治作用.希望为子痫前期的早期治疗及改善预后提供新的思路.     

Selenium and coenzyme Q10 interrelationship in cardiovascular diseases – A clinician's point of view

A short review is given of the potential role of selenium deficiency and selenium intervention trials in atherosclerotic heart disease. Selenium is an essential constituent of several proteins, including the glutathione peroxidases and selenoprotein P. The selenium intake in Europe is generally in the lower margin of recommendations from authorities. Segments of populations in Europe may thus have a deficient intake that may be presented by a deficient anti-oxidative capacity in various illnesses, in particular atherosclerotic disease, and this may influence the prognosis of the disease.Ischemic heart disease and heart failure are two conditions where increased oxidative stress has been convincingly demonstrated. Some of the intervention studies of anti-oxidative substances that have focused on selenium are discussed in this review. The interrelationship between selenium and coenzyme Q10, another anti-oxidant, is presented, pointing to a theoretical advantage in using both substances in an intervention if there are deficiencies within the population. Clinical results from an intervention study using both selenium and coenzyme Q10 in an elderly population are discussed, where reduction in cardiovascular mortality, a better cardiac function according to echocardiography, and finally a lower concentration of the biomarker NT-proBNP as a sign of lower myocardial wall tension could be seen in those on active treatment, compared to placebo.     

Coenzyme Q10 protect against ischemia/reperfusion induced biochemical and functional changes in rabbit urinary bladder

Purpose Ischemia, reperfusion, and free radical generation have been recently implicated in the progressive bladder dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a pro-vitamin like substance that appears to be efficient for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic heart disease. Our goal was to investigate the potential protective effect of CoQ10 in a rabbit model of in vivo bilateral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Material and Methods Six groups of four male New Zealand White rabbits each were treated with CoQ10 (3 mg/kg body weight/day—dissolved in peanut oil) (groups 1–3) or vehicle (peanut oil) (groups 4–6). Groups 1 and 4 (ischemia-alone groups) had clamped bilateral vesical arteries for 2 h; in groups 2 and 5 (I/R groups), bilateral ischemia was similarly induced and the rabbits were allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Groups 3 and 6 were controls (shams) and were exposed to sham surgery. The effects on contractile responses to various stimulations and biochemical studies such as citrate synthase (CS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated. The protein peroxidation indicator, carbonyl group, and nitrotyrosine contents were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Ischemia resulted in significant reductions in the contractile responses to all forms of stimulation in vehicle-fed rabbits, whereas there were no reductions in CoQ10-treated rabbits. Contractile responses were significantly reduced in vehicle-treated I/R groups, but significantly improved in CoQ10-treated rabbits. Protein carbonylation and nitration increased significantly in ischemia-alone and I/R bladders; CoQ10 treatment significantly attenuated protein carbonylation and nitration. CoQ10 up-regulated SOD and CAT activities in control animals; the few differences in CoQ10-treated animal in SOD and CAT after ischemia and in general increase CAT activities following I/R. Conclusions CoQ10 supplementation provides bladder protection against I/R injury. This protection effect improves mitochondrial function during I/R by repleting mitochondrial CoQ10 stores and potentiating their antioxidant properties.     

基因改造Rhodobacter sphaeroides提高

[目的]通过敲除类球红细菌2.4.1基因组中八氢番茄素合成酶基因crtB,让异戊二烯前体更多流向辅酶Q10的合成.引入大肠杆菌编码的分支酸裂解酶基因ubiC和4-羟苯甲酸转移酶基因ubiA,提高4-羟苯甲酸的合成和与聚异戊二烯的连接,从而提高类球红细菌的辅酶Q10产量.[方法]以自杀型质粒pSUP202为载体,构建包含crtB基因上游2.5 kb片段,壮观霉素抗性基因,ubiC、ubiA基因和crtB基因下游2.5 kb片段的基因置换质粒,利用结合转移方法转入类球红细菌2.4.1中,利用抗性机制筛选双交换突变株,RT-PCR方法检测引入的ubiC和ubiA基因转录.用HPLC方法测定出发菌株和基因改造菌株的辅酶Q10产量.[结果]成功构建出基因置换质粒,筛选出发生基因置换的突变株,RT-PCR证实了外源基因的转录,并且突变株辅酶Q10的产量比出发菌株提高40％.[结论]大肠杆菌的ubiC和ubiA基因能够利用自身启动子在类球红细菌中表达,利用基因改造的方法能成功提高类球红细菌的辅酶Q10产量.     

产辅酶Q10酵母的发酵条件研究

研究了豆油、豆粉、胡萝卜汁、西红柿汁、烟叶、β-胡萝卜素、桔子皮汁等自然物的添加对酵母发酵生产CoQ10的影响,结果表明它们均能大幅度提高酵母菌中CoQ10的含量。其中豆油、豆粉、西红柿汁、桔子皮汁是富含CoQ10。和胡萝卜素合成途经中的前体物质因而提高了CoQ10的产量;烟叶和β-胡萝卜素阻断了合成β-胡萝卜素的途经从而起到提高CoQ10合成的作用;胡萝卜汁的作用可能两兼而有之。因此可以得出以下结论,微生物中Co10的合成与β-胡萝卜素的合成密切相关。     

Effects of benfotiamine and coenzyme Q10 on kidney damage induced gentamicin

Objective

Gentamicin (GM) is an effective antibiotic against severe infection but has limitations related to nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether benfotiamine (BFT) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), could ameliorate the nephrotoxic effect of GM in rats.