Clarification of the Identity of the Tea Green Leafhopper Based on Morphological Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Specimens

Tea green leafhopper is one of the most dominant pests in major tea production regions of East Asia. This species has been variously identified as Empoasca vitis (Goëthe), Jacobiasca formosana (Paoli) and Empoasca onukii Matsuda in Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan, respectively. Recent study of DNA sequence data suggested that treatment of this pest as different species in these three adjacent regions is incorrect and that they were a single species; but the correct scientific name for the species has remained unclear. Consistent with the prior molecular evidence, morphological study shows that the male genital characters of Chinese specimens are the same as those of specimens from Japan, so the correct scientific name of tea green leafhopper in China is Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda.     

Phylogeography of Quercus variabilis Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequence in East Asia: Multiple Glacial Refugia and Mainland-Migrated Island Populations

The biogeographical relationships between far-separated populations, in particular, those in the mainland and islands, remain unclear for widespread species in eastern Asia where the current distribution of plants was greatly influenced by the Quaternary climate. Deciduous Oriental oak (Quercus variabilis) is one of the most widely distributed species in eastern Asia. In this study, leaf material of 528 Q. variabilis trees from 50 populations across the whole distribution (Mainland China, Korea Peninsular as well as Japan, Zhoushan and Taiwan Islands) was collected, and three cpDNA intergenic spacer fragments were sequenced using universal primers. A total of 26 haplotypes were detected, and it showed a weak phylogeographical structure in eastern Asia populations at species level, however, in the central-eastern region of Mainland China, the populations had more haplotypes than those in other regions, with a significant phylogeographical structure (N _ST =0.751> G _ST =0.690, P<0.05). Q. variabilis displayed high interpopulation and low intrapopulation genetic diversity across the distribution range. Both unimodal mismatch distribution and significant negative Fu’s F_S indicated a demographic expansion of Q. variabilis populations in East Asia. A fossil calibrated phylogenetic tree showed a rapid speciation during Pleistocene, with a population augment occurred in Middle Pleistocene. Both diversity patterns and ecological niche modelling indicated there could be multiple glacial refugia and possible bottleneck or founder effects occurred in the southern Japan. We dated major spatial expansion of Q. variabilis population in eastern Asia to the last glacial cycle(s), a period with sea-level fluctuations and land bridges in East China Sea as possible dispersal corridors. This study showed that geographical heterogeneity combined with climate and sea-level changes have shaped the genetic structure of this wide-ranging tree species in East Asia.     

茶小绿叶蝉成虫唾液细菌蛋白的鉴定

【目的】通过鉴定茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca flavescens成虫水状唾液蛋白中的细菌蛋白,解析叶蝉唾液的细菌种类。【方法】利用自制的收集装置和Parafilm膜夹营养液法对叶蝉成虫唾液进行收集,经超滤浓缩和电泳分离后,使用膜辅助样品制备技术法(filter-aided sample preparation, FASP)酶解,借助液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测蛋白,利用Mascot 2.2软件比对UniProt的细菌蛋白数据库进行查库分析从而鉴定唾液中的细菌蛋白。【结果】共鉴定到27个目49种细菌的142种蛋白。以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌蛋白为主,共107个蛋白,其中又以α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)细菌蛋白占比最多。其次为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌蛋白,共28个蛋白,分别属于杆菌纲(Bacilli)和梭菌纲(Clostrida),这些蛋白参与氨基酸、维生素和能量代谢等。【结论】鉴定的细菌蛋白可能是叶蝉生活史的重要参与者。本研究为进一步研究共生菌、茶小绿叶蝉和茶树之间的关系提供基础信息。     

Population genetic structure of the melon fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera cucurbitae</Emphasis> (Diptera: Tephritidae), from China and Southeast Asia

The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, is a species of fruit flies of significant agricultural interest. Of supposed Indian origin, the melon fly is now widely distributed throughout South East Asia up to China, while it has been recently eradicated from Japan. The population structure of seven geographic populations from coastal China, as well as samples from other regions of South East Asia and Japan, including lab colonies, have been studied using a 782 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence. The observed genetic diversity was exceedingly low, considering the geographic scale of the sampling, and one single haplotype was found to be predominant from Sri Lanka to China. We confirm that Bactrocera cucurbitae exists in South East Asia as a single phyletic lineage, that Chinese populations are genetically uniform, and that no apparent genetic differentiation exists between these and three available Japanese melon fly sequences.     

基于COI基因全长序列的假眼小绿叶蝉地理种群遗传分化研究

假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis(Gthe)是我国大陆茶区分布最广、为害最重的茶树害虫,其种群世代重叠严重,数量大。从我国13个主要产茶省份各选出一个重点产茶县(市),采集假眼小绿叶蝉标本,首次扩增得到其线粒体CO I基因全长序列,并以此探讨了假眼小绿叶蝉13个地理种群间的遗传多样性、分子变异、遗传分化程度及基因流水平。在13个地理种群中共得到了176条CO I基因序列,发现了113个变异位点,形成了105个CO I单倍型。总群体单倍型多样性Hd为0.9720,种群内单倍型多样性在0.804—1.000范围内,总群体和各种群的Tajima's D检验结果均不显著,说明茶园假眼小绿叶蝉的进化符合中性模型,种群数量较为稳定。AMOVA分子变异分析结果表明,茶园假眼小绿叶蝉的遗传分化主要来自于种群内部。Mantel检验显示各地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离之间不具有显著的相关性。总群体的遗传分化系数Gst为0.03652,固定系数Fst为0.10876,基因流Nm为4.097,表明地理种群间存在较频繁的基因交流,遗传差异较小。推测,20世纪90年代以来的省际之间频繁的茶树鲜叶贩运、异地茶苗的大批量调拨等因素促进了假眼小绿叶蝉的长距离迁移,加强了不同种群间的基因交流。     

假眼小绿叶蝉（Empoasca vitis Gothe）在不同品种茶树上的取食行为

应用可视DC-EPG方法研究了假眼小绿叶蝉(Empoasca vitis Gothe)在9个品种茶苗上的口针刺探行为,共发现并初步确定了7种主要波型,即A波、S波、C波、E波、F波和R波、以及非刺探波NP波。A波为刺探波,S波为口针向韧皮部刺探和进入韧皮部中的分泌唾液波,C波为口针到达韧皮部之前的主动取食波,E波和F波为口针在韧皮部中吸收波,R波为取食间歇波。以该叶蝉在不同品种茶树上的平均刺探次数和各波形平均持续时间为指标,或者以其在不同品种茶树上含有各波形的单次刺探平均持续时间为指标,分别进行聚类分析,均将9个品种分为3个不同的组。S、E和F波对应着假眼小绿叶蝉在茶树上的主要取食活动,可能与茶树抗假眼小绿叶蝉的取食密切相关。以S、E和F各波的平均持续时间、以及含有各波形的单次刺探的平均持续时间为指标,对品种的抗性强弱排序,评判9个茶树品种抗叶蝉取食能力由强至弱的顺序为:龙井长叶、黄旦、政和大白茶、黔湄601、红芽佛手、中茶102、中茶302、龙井43和安吉白茶。该顺序与田间查得的9个品种茶树上假眼小绿叶蝉种群密度由小到大的顺序一致,表明DC-EPG方法简捷、可信度高,可作为检测茶树品种对叶蝉抗性的有效手段之一。     

Physiological and biochemical responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis> to stress associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Empoasca vitis</Emphasis> feeding

The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, is the most serious pest in plantations of tea, Camellia sinensis. Beyond physical damage to the leaves, tea yields may be affected if feeding stress causes physiological and biochemical changes in the tea plant, which affected the quality and flavor of the tea. Yet the effect of feeding stress, induced by E. vitis, is largely unknown. We measured the injury index and the physiological and biochemical responses of C. sinensis to stress by E. vitis feeding in a series of laboratory trials. Using 2-year-old C. sinensis plants, we tested the effects of leafhopper feeding at different densities—0, 5, 10, and 20 leafhoppers—and different durations of exposure—1, 4, 7, and 10 days—on potential changes in chlorophyll, tea polyphenols, nutrient content, activities of protective enzymes (peroxidase, POD; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and catalase, CAT), and the lipid peroxidation (MDA). We found that the injury indices for tea leaves increased continuously as the density of E. vitis increased in the same day, and simultaneously, as the time of leafhoppers damage increased, the injury indices for tea leaves also increased. Our results also indicated that feeding by E. vitis caused a considerable decline in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll in tea leaves and soluble carbohydrate content, and an increase in tea polyphenols. Soluble protein content showed a direct increasing relationship with the increasing leafhopper density and the duration of exposure. Throughout the period of E. vitis exposure, there was highly significant difference in the activities of protective enzymes and MDA content. Additionally, POD, SOD, and CAT activities in tea leaves were elevated significantly with the increase of leafhopper density. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) content also increased after the exposure to leafhopper feeding. Overall, our results indicate that although C. sinensis displays a certain level of tolerance to E. vitis feeding stress, higher density of leafhoppers, and longer exposure duration, can cause severe damage to tea leaves and also a decline in plant defense of tea, so as to affect the tea quality.     

Genetic variation of two apterous wasps Haplogonatopus apicalis and H. oratorius (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) in East Asia

The females of Haplogonatopus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) are wingless. Thus, the migration ability of adult wasps should be highly restricted. However, passive dispersal of larvae parasitizing their hosts may be possible. In this study we discuss the genetic variation of H. apicalis Perkins and H. oratorius (Westwood) in East Asia, from the perspective of the geographical distribution and the long-distance migration ability of their hosts, using 807 bp of mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Genetic variation of H. apicalis parasitizing Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) was examined on the basis of individuals from western Japan, southern China, and northern Vietnam. High genetic diversity was observed but geographical populations were not recognized. For H. oratorius parasitizing Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), individuals from the northern and southern coasts of eastern Japan, western Japan, eastern China, and Taiwan were examined. The southern coast of eastern Japan population was discriminated from the other populations, and three core haplotype groups moderately associated with geographical distribution were apparent. However, the population sampled at Hokuriku, located on the northern coast of eastern Japan, was composed of a mixture of haplotypes dominant in other locations, even geographically far separated from China. This may imply the occurrence of the migration pathway of L. striatellus from continental China toward eastern Japan. The results for two parasitoid species can be explained on the basis of the migration ability of the host species.     

两种杀虫真菌制剂对茶小绿叶蝉的田间防效评价

于2002年盛夏在浙江遂昌一高山茶园对茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca spp．)进行了真菌杀虫剂的田间药效试验。所用菌剂为球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)和玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)的纯孢子悬乳剂及其与3％吡虫啉10％可湿剂的混配剂．各菌剂稀释500倍喷雾2次,间隔12d．结果表明。两种真菌的混配剂明显优于纯菌剂,其中球孢白僵菌混配剂的最高防效达83．4％,而玫烟色拟青霉的最高防效为71．3％．根据25d期间历次调查结果计算平均防效,球孢白僵菌混配剂达66．8％,玫烟色拟青霉混配剂为62．1％,含微量吡虫啉的矿物油为50．3％,球孢白僵菌和玫烟色拟青霉的纯菌剂分别为49．5％和19．0％,结合试验期间气候及田间种群结构特征,讨论了各处理问差异的来源及提高真菌杀虫剂控制茶小绿叶蝉效果的可能途径。     

茶小绿叶蝉在不同茶树品种上的生长发育,生殖及空间分布

研究表明茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescens Fabricius)在云南大叶茶无性系良种云抗十号、云抗十四号、长叶白毫、矮丰上的生长发育历期、成活率、田间自然种群虫口数量、卵数量、卵分布等方面,皆有明显差异;说明这些品种对茶小绿叶蝉的抗性有差异,上述品种中矮丰对茶小绿叶蝉的抗性最强,云抗十号的抗性较差。在生产实践中对不同品种间存在的抗性差异应加以充分合理的利用。茶小绿叶蝉的空间分布型为随机分布型;在空间分布型方面,各品种间无明显差异。     

Plant diversity increases herbivore movement and vulnerability to predation

Understanding how changes in plant diversity affect agroecosystem functioning remains a key challenge. We examined how intercropping alfalfa, Medicago sativa, with orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, affects the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, its host plant (alfalfa), and the efficiency of a leafhopper predator, Nabis americoferus. In a field experiment, intercropping reduced the reproductive efficiency of the leafhopper. Nabis was more effective at reducing leafhopper abundance, and protecting alfalfa from hopperburn, in the polyculture than in the monoculture of alfalfa. In a series of laboratory experiments, we investigated mechanisms by which intercropping could enhance the efficiency of Nabis. Intercropping resulted in changes in vegetation structure and the spatial distribution of leafhoppers, but there was little evidence that these factors influenced the efficiency of Nabis. Instead, orchardgrass, a nonhost for leafhoppers, increased leafhopper movement, and Nabis captured leafhoppers more efficiently when the herbivores were more mobile. These results indicate that intercropping with nonhost plants promotes leafhopper movement and vulnerability to predation, and reveal a novel mechanism by which plant diversity can reduce herbivory.     

Phylogeography and genetic diversity of East Asian Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) based on variations in chloroplast DNA sequences

Neolitsea sericea is an evergreen broad leaved tree in the warm-temperate regions of East Asia. This area is a hotspot for plant species richness and endemism caused by dynamic changes in land configuration during the Quaternary. However, the historical migration of such evergreen tree species is still poorly understood. In an attempt to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of N. sericea during the Quaternary, we identified the chloroplast DNA haplotypes of 287 individuals from 33 populations covering almost all of its geographic range. Analyses were based on sequence data from the trnL–F, psbC–trnS, and rps16 regions. Nine haplotypes were identified. The majority included ancestral types in the southwestern part of the main islands of Japan, with other region-specific haplotypes being found in populations on the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan (Isl. Lanyu), and elsewhere in Japan. A statistical parsimony network revealed two lineages derived from Japanese main islands. One was represented on the Korean Peninsula, the other on Isl. Lanyu. The current distribution of N. sericea has been shaped by colonization via land bridges. During the glacial periods, two primary, but separate migration routes were followed—from the southwestern part of the Japanese main islands to either the Korean Peninsula or Taiwan. In addition, we believe the Zhoushan populations were shaped by post-glacial processes through an ECS land bridge (East China Sea basin) from northern refugia that existed during the late Pleistocene.     

Phylogeography of the Coastal Mosquito Aedes togoi across Climatic Zones: Testing an Anthropogenic Dispersal Hypothesis

The coastal mosquito Aedes togoi occurs more or less continuously from subarctic to subtropic zones along the coasts of the Japanese islands and the East Asian mainland. It occurs also in tropical Southeast Asia and the North American Pacific coast, and the populations there are thought to have been introduced from Japan by ship. To test this hypothesis, the genetic divergence among geographic populations of A. togoi was studied using one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene sequences. We detected 71 mitochondrial haplotypes forming four lineages, with high nucleotide diversity around temperate Japan and declining towards peripheral ranges. The major lineage (L1) comprised 57 haplotypes from temperate and subarctic zones in Japan and Southeast Asia including southern China and Taiwan. Two other lineages were found from subtropical islands (L3) and a subarctic area (L4) of Japan. The Canadian population showed one unique haplotype (L2) diverged from the other lineages. In the combined nuclear gene tree, individuals with mitochondrial L4 haplotypes diverged from those with the other mitochondrial haplotypes L1—L3; although individuals with L1—L3 haplotypes showed shallow divergences in the nuclear gene sequences, individuals from Southeast Asia and Canada each formed a monophyletic group. Overall, the genetic composition of the Southeast Asian populations was closely related to that of temperate Japanese populations, suggesting recent gene flow between these regions. The Canadian population might have originated from anthropogenic introduction from somewhere in Asia, but the possibility that it could have spread across the Beringian land bridge cannot be ruled out.     

假眼小绿叶蝉对茶梢挥发物的行为反应

【目的】研究假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis G?the对健康茶梢和蝉害茶梢挥发物的行为反应,筛选出可引诱假眼小绿叶蝉的茶梢挥发物。【方法】以动态吸附法收集健康茶梢和蝉害茶梢挥发物,用气相色谱–质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行定性定量分析,借助于Y形嗅觉仪检测多种挥发物引诱假眼小绿叶蝉成虫的活性。【结果】从健康茶梢和蝉害茶梢中共鉴定出30种挥发物组分,其中烯烃类含量较大。健康茶梢和蝉害茶梢挥发物中共有组分有13种,蝉害之后其含量皆上升,其中Z-b-罗勒烯和乙酸叶醇酯的含量分别是健康茶梢中的142.27倍、12.90倍。蝉害茶梢中新出现的组分有12种,其中紫苏烯含量较高。在10-2、10~(-4)、10-6 g/mL浓度下,乙酸叶醇酯表现出极显著的引诱水平(P<0.01);紫苏烯在10~(-2)和10~(-4) g/mL浓度下表现出极显著引诱水平(P<0.01);10~(-4) g/mL浓度下,Z-b-罗勒烯和D-柠檬烯极显著引诱假眼小绿叶蝉(P<0.01);10~(-4) g/mL芳樟醇、10~(-6) g/mL乙酸正丁酯和10~(-6) g/mL D-柠檬烯呈现出显著引诱水平(P<0.05);混合物组分Blend1和Blend2分别表现出极显著和显著引诱水平;而10~(-6) g/mLa-法尼烯显著排斥假眼小绿叶蝉(P<0.05)。【结论】假眼小绿叶蝉成虫对健康茶梢和蝉害茶梢挥发物多种组分具有不同的行为反应,引诱效果较强的单组分或混合组分的选定可为田间引诱效果试验提供参考。     

假眼小绿叶蝉卵的寄生蜂种类及种群动态

通过田间采梢、室内镜下查卵和饲养观察,初步获得假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gthe卵寄生蜂2种,分别隶属于三棒缨小蜂属Stethynium sp.和裂骨缨小蜂属Schizophragma sp.,其中三棒缨小蜂属Stethyniumsp.是优势种。2种缨小蜂的寄生动态调查结果显示,除8月和12月寄生率较低外,其它月份的自然寄生率都在30%以上,特别是10~11月寄生率最高达65%,对小绿叶蝉的虫口数量具有重要控制作用,值得进一步研究和保护利用。     

Molecular data reveals California as the potential source of an invasive leafhopper species, Macrosteles sp. nr. severini, transmitting the aster yellows phytoplasma in Hawaii

A species of aster leafhopper ( Macrosteles sp.) became established in 2001 on Oahu, Hawaii, and through the transmission of the aster yellows phytoplasma, caused devastating losses to the island's watercress industry. DNA sequence data were analysed from two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunit 1( CO1 ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 1 ( NADH1 )] and one nuclear gene (wingless, Wg ) (combined total of 1874 bp) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between putative US mainland source populations of aster leafhoppers and those introduced to Hawaii. These data were applied to elucidate the origin(s) and identity of Hawaiian infestations and the amount of genetic diversity within introduced invasive populations. Both phylogenetic search criteria (Bayesian and maximum likelihood models) converged onto similar tree topologies for all three gene regions and suggested that Hawaii infestations represent a single undescribed leafhopper species unrelated to the common aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus . An exact haplotype match was found from a specimen intercepted from watercress shipped to Hawaii from Los Angeles, California, suggesting this region as the potential source for Hawaiian infestations. Two mitochondrial haplotypes were identified in Hawaii suggesting two or perhaps just a single introduction of more than one female.     

Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of the potato leafhopper among red maples

A study was conducted in the 2001 growing season to examine the relative abundance, dispersion and distribution of the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) among trees of 24 red maple (Acer rubrum) clonal selections. Yellow sticky traps hung from the trees were used to estimate the relative number of aerial potato leafhoppers among trees, starting on 1 May 2001 and stopping on 4 September 2001. More insects were collected from the east side of the plot than from the other sides in May, but no differences were significant late in the season. Few leafhoppers were collected during May, but the number of leafhoppers collected on traps rapidly increased and peaked during June. Afterwards, populations decreased and just a few individuals were trapped late in the season. Overall, significantly more leafhoppers were caught on traps hanging from trees of clone 56026 and 55410 than on trees of the other clones. Dispersion of the potato leafhopper changed from being aggregated in May, to being random in August, and also differed among the different clones. Populations tended to aggregate with increases in population numbers. Positive significant autocorrelations were detected at short distances in May, suggesting an aggregated spatial pattern early in the season. Yet, different autocorrelation patterns were detected within each block later in the season. Our results indicate that management practices could be developed to minimise pesticide use by targeting smaller areas with the highest populations at the right time of the season.     

Increased Y-chromosome resolution of haplogroup O suggests genetic ties between the Ami aborigines of Taiwan and the Polynesian Islands of Samoa and Tonga

The Austronesian expansion has left its fingerprint throughout two thirds of the circumference of the globe reaching the island of Madagascar in East Africa to the west and Easter Island, off the coast of Chile, to the east. To date, several theories exist to explain the current genetic distribution of Austronesian populations, with the “slow boat” model being the most widely accepted, though other conjectures (i.e., the “express train” and “entangled bank” hypotheses) have also been widely discussed. In the current study, 158 Y chromosomes from the Polynesian archipelagos of Samoa and Tonga were typed using high resolution binary markers and compared to populations across Mainland East Asia, Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Polynesia in order to establish their patrilineal genetic relationships. Y-STR haplotypes on the C2 (M38), C2a (M208), O1a (M119), O3 (M122) and O3a2 (P201) backgrounds were utilized in an attempt to identify the differing sources of the current Y-chromosomal haplogroups present throughout Polynesia (of Melanesian and/or Asian descent). We find that, while haplogroups C2a, S and K3-P79 suggest a Melanesian component in 23%-42% of the Samoan and Tongan Y chromosomes, the majority of the paternal Polynesian gene pool exhibits ties to East Asia. In particular, the prominence of sub-haplogroup O3a2c* (P164), which has previously been observed at only minimal levels in Mainland East Asians (2.0-4.5%), in both Polynesians (ranging from 19% in Manua to 54% in Tonga) and Ami aborigines from Taiwan (37%) provides, for the first time, evidence for a genetic connection between the Polynesian populations and the Ami.     

Identification of egg parasitoids of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) of economic importance in Taiwan,part 2: Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)

Trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) known from Taiwan are identified taxonomically and illustrated, and their host associations are determined by rearings using sentinel eggs of the key pest species. The previously published records of such egg parasitoids in Taiwan are critically analyzed in the unfortunate absence of almost any voucher specimens. Pseudoligosita nephotetticum (Mani) is shown to be the most common egg parasitoid of the two leafhopper and three planthopper pests of rice in Taiwan: the zig-zag leafhopper Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) (a new host record), the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), and the delphacids Laodelphax striatella (Fallén) (small brown planthopper), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (brown planthopper), and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (whitebacked planthopper). Paracentrobia (Brachistella) andoi (Ishii) syn. nov., originally described from Japan as Japania andoi Ishii, and Paracentrobia (Brachistella) garuda Subba Rao syn. nov. from Thailand are synonymized under Paracentrobia (Brachistella) bicolor (Girault) from northern Queensland, Australia; Pseudoligosita tachikawai (Yashiro) syn. nov., originally described as Oligosita tachikawai Yashiro from Japan, is synonymized under Pseudoligosita nephotetticum. Lectotypes are designated for Japania andoi and Oligosita shibuyae Ishii.