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1.
Bernhard Haring Noelle Gronroos Jennifer A. Nettleton Moritz C. Wyler von Ballmoos Elizabeth Selvin Alvaro Alonso 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Background
Prospective data examining the relationship between dietary protein intake and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) are inconclusive. Most evidence is derived from homogenous populations such as health professionals. Large community-based analyses in more diverse samples are lacking.Methods
We studied the association of protein type and major dietary protein sources and risk for incident CHD in 12,066 middle-aged adults (aged 45–64 at baseline, 1987–1989) from four U.S. communities enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who were free of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Dietary protein intake was assessed at baseline and after 6 years of follow-up by food frequency questionnaire. Our primary outcome was adjudicated coronary heart disease events or deaths with following up through December 31, 2010. Cox proportional hazard models with multivariable adjustment were used for statistical analyses.Results
During a median follow-up of 22 years, there were 1,147 CHD events. In multivariable analyses total, animal and vegetable protein were not associated with an increased risk for CHD before or after adjustment. In food group analyses of major dietary protein sources, protein intake from red and processed meat, dairy products, fish, nuts, eggs, and legumes were not significantly associated with CHD risk. The hazard ratios [with 95% confidence intervals] for risk of CHD across quintiles of protein from poultry were 1.00 [ref], 0.83 [0.70–0.99], 0.93 [0.75–1.15], 0.88 [0.73–1.06], 0.79 [0.64–0.98], P for trend = 0.16). Replacement analyses evaluating the association of substituting one source of dietary protein for another or of decreasing protein intake at the expense of carbohydrates or total fats did not show any statistically significant association with CHD risk.Conclusion
Based on a large community cohort we found no overall relationship between protein type and major dietary protein sources and risk for CHD. 相似文献2.
Background
CKD, an independent risk factor for CV disease, increases mortality in T2DM. Treating modifiable CV risk factors decreases mortality in diabetics with microalbuminuria, but the role of early CV prevention in diabetics with mild CKD by GFR criteria alone remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to probe whether T2DM patients with mild GFR impairment have atherogenic lipid profiles compared to diabetic counterparts with normal renal function.Methods
In the Penn Diabetes Heart Study (PDHS), a single-center observational cohort of T2DM patients without clinical CVD, cross-sectional analyses were performed for directly measured lipid fractions in 1852 subjects with eGFR>60 mL/min/1.73 m2 determined by the CKD-EPI equation (n = 1852). Unadjusted and multivariable analyses of eGFR association with log-transformed lipid parameters in incremental linear and logistic regression models (with eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 as a cut-point) were performed.Results
Mild GFR impairment (eGFR 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m2, median urinary ACR 5.25 mg/g) was associated with higher log-transformed Lp(a) values (OR 1.17, p = 0.005) and with clinically atherogenic Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dL (OR 1.35, p = 0.013) even after full adjustment for demographics, medications, metabolic parameters, and albuminuria. Logistic regression demonstrated a trend towards significance between worse kidney function and apoB (p = 0.17) as well as apoC-III (p = 0.067) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusions
Elevated Lp(a) levels have a robust association with mild GFR impairment in type 2 diabetics independent of race, insulin resistance, and albuminuria. 相似文献3.
Tsunoda K Hamato S Kurosawa S Shirato A Kurosawa Y Fujimaki K Muto M Sato K 《Biochemical genetics》2002,40(1-2):27-39
The genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein C in normal plasma of four European sheep breeds (Suffolk, Corriedale, Cheviot, and Finn) was first detected using one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (pH 2.5–5.0) followed by immunoblotting with antihuman apolipoprotein CII antibody. Six phenotypes (1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3) were identified in the 4.3–4.8 pH range, consisting of the combination of three isoform groups. On the basis of family and population data, these phenotypes were controlled autosomally by three codominant alleles, designated APOC*1, APOC*2, and APOC*3, the first being the most common allele. The frequency distributions of these alleles were similar between the Suffolk and Corriedale sheep, and between the Cheviot and Finn sheep. The former breeds had a significantly lower APOC*2 frequency than the latter breeds (P< 0.001). The mean plasma total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels of type 3-1 animals were significantly higher compared to type 1-1 animals in the Suffolk sheep (P 0.04). However, these differences were not seen in the Corriedale sheep 相似文献
4.
N Mangalat Y Liu NY Fatheree MJ Ferris MR Van Arsdall Z Chen MH Rahbar WA Gleason J Norori DQ Tran JM Rhoads 《PloS one》2012,7(9):e43910
Background
There are few carefully-designed studies investigating the safety of individual probiotics approved under Investigational New Drug policies.Objectives
The primary aim of this prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to investigate if daily treatment of adults with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR) for 2 months is safe and well-tolerated. Our secondary aim was to determine if LR treatment has immune effects as determined by regulatory T cell percentages, expression of toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and −4 on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), cytokine expression by stimulated PBMC, and intestinal inflammation as measured by fecal calprotectin.Methods
Forty healthy adults were randomized to a daily dose of 5×108 CFUs of LR (n = 30) or placebo (n = 10) for 2 months. Participants completed a daily diary card and had 7 clinic visits during treatment and observation.Results
There were no severe adverse events (SAEs) and no significant differences in adverse events (AEs). There were no differences in PBMC subclasses, TLRs, or cytokine expression after treatment. The probiotic-treated group had a significantly higher fecal calprotectin level than the placebo group after 2 months of treatment: 50 µg/g (IQR 24–127 µg/g) vs. 17 µg/g (IQR 11–26 µg/g), p = 0.03, although values remained in the normal clinical range (0–162.9 µg/g). LR vials retained >108 CFUs viable organisms/ml.Conclusions
LR is safe and well tolerated in adults, without significant changes in immunologic markers. There was a small but significant increase in fecal calprotectin, perhaps indicating some element of immune recognition at the intestinal level.Trial Registration
Clinical Trials.gov NCT00922727相似文献5.
Lipoprotein(a): intrigues and insights. 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Lipoprotein(a) is an atherogenic, cholesterol ester-rich lipoprotein of unknown physiological function. The unusual species distribution of lipoprotein(a) and the extreme polymorphic nature of its distinguishing apolipoprotein component, apolipoprotein(a), have provided unique challenges for the investigation of its biochemistry, genetics, metabolism and atherogenicity. Some fundamental questions regarding this enigmatic lipoprotein have escaped elucidation, as will be highlighted in this review. 相似文献
6.
McCormick SP 《The Clinical biochemist. Reviews / Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists》2004,25(1):69-80
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a unique lipoprotein that has emerged as an independent risk factor for developing vascular disease. Plasma Lp(a) levels above the common cut-off level of 300 mg/L place individuals at risk of developing heart disease particularly if combined with other lipid and thrombogenic risk factors. Studies in humans have shown Lp(a) levels to be hugely variable and under strict genetic control, largely by the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene. In general, Lp(a) levels have proven difficult to manipulate, although some factors have been identified that can influence levels. Research has shown that Lp(a) has a high affinity for the arterial wall and displays many athero-thrombogenic properties. While a definite function for Lp(a) has not been identified, the last two decades of research have provided much information on the biology and clinical importance of Lp(a). 相似文献
7.
Andreas Schneider Markus P. Schneider Detlef H. Krieter Bernd Genser Hubert Scharnagl Tatjana Stojakovic Christoph Wanner Christiane Drechsler 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Background
In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), increased levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) are independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Interventional strategies aiming to reduce levels of FGF-23 in HD patients are of particular interest. The purpose of the current study was to compare the impact of high-flux versus low-flux HD on circulating FGF-23 levels.Methods
We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the MINOXIS study, including 127 dialysis patients randomized to low-flux (n = 62) and high-flux (n = 65) HD for 52 weeks. Patients with valid measures for FGF-23 investigated baseline and after 52 weeks were included.Results
Compared to baseline, a significant increase in FGF-23 levels after one year of low-flux HD was observed (Delta plasma FGF-23: +4026 RU/ml; p < 0.001). In contrast, FGF-23 levels remained stable in the high flux group (Delta plasma FGF-23: +373 RU/ml, p = 0.70). The adjusted difference of the absolute change in FGF-23 levels between the two treatment groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01).Conclusions
Over a period of 12 months, high-flux HD was associated with stable FGF-23 levels, whereas the low-flux HD group showed an increase of FGF-23. However, the implications of the different FGF 23 time-trends in patients on high flux dialysis, as compared to the control group, remain to be explored in specifically designed clinical trials.Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00007612. 相似文献8.
Katrin Stadelmann Tsogyal D. Latshang Christian M. Lo Cascio Ross A. Clark Reto Huber Malcolm Kohler Peter Achermann Konrad E. Bloch 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
ObjectivesIntact postural control is essential for safe performance of mountain sports, operation of machinery at altitude, and for piloting airplanes. We tested whether exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at moderate altitude impairs the static postural control of healthy subjects.MethodsIn 51 healthy men, median age 24 y (quartiles 20;28), static control was evaluated on a balance platform in Zurich, 490 m, and during a 4-day sojourn in Swiss mountain villages at 1630 m and 2590 m, 2 days each. The order of altitude exposure was randomized. Total center of pressure path length (COPL) and sway amplitude measured in two directions by a balance platform, and pulse oximetry were recorded. Data were compared between altitudes.ResultsMedian (quartiles) COPL during standing on both legs with eyes open at 490 m and in the evenings on the first and second days at 1630 and 2590 m, respectively were: 50 (45;57), 55 (48;62), 56 (49;61), 53 (47;59), 54 (48;60) cm, P<0.001 ANOVA. Corresponding arterial oxygen saturation was 97% (96;97), 95% (94;96), 95%(94;96), 92%(90;93), 93%(91;93), P<0.001. Anterior-posterior sway amplitudes were larger at 1630 and 2590 m compared to 490 m, P<0.001. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher altitudes (1630 and 2590m) were independently associated with increased COPL when controlled for the order of altitude exposure and age (P=0.001).ConclusionsExposure to 1630 and 2590m was associated with impaired static postural control even when visual references were available.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov . NCT01130948相似文献9.
Fifty-two age-matched Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (26 men, 26 women), mean age 76.2 years, were assessed with the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, a test of everyday memory, coincident with the measurement of plasma cortisol (CRT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) via radioimmunoassay. The AD patients were compared to a control group of age- and gender-matched healthy elderly men and women. No differences were found between the AD patients and the controls in DHEAS or CRT levels, or in the DHEAS/CRT ratio. There were no gender differences in DHEAS or CRT levels, or in the DHEAS/CRT ratio in subjects with AD. However, AD patients with higher levels of DHEAS scored better than those with lower levels on the subtests of Remembering a Name associated with a picture, Digit Span Total and Forward, and the Mini Mental Status Exam. AD patients with higher CRT levels performed worse on Delayed Route Recall than those with lower levels. These findings suggest that AD patients with higher endogenous levels of DHEAS may perform better on some memory tasks than those with lower levels, while AD patients with lower levels of CRT may perform better than those with higher CRT. 相似文献
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11.
Allele frequencies at six RFLP sites (Ins/Del, ApaLI, AluI, XbaI, MspI, and EcoRI) of the apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) and the relationship of genotypes with plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in the Mongolian Buryat were investigated. Common alleles at these sites in 110 Buryat subjects were I, G, A-, X-, M+, and E+; the frequencies of 0.809-0.991 differed strikingly from those of a few Asians and most Europeans. Five unambiguous haplotypes of all sites were revealed at 74%; haplotype IGA-X-M+E+ (000000) was the most frequent (67%), followed by IGA+X-M+E+ (001000) (19%). The frequency constitution differed significantly from the Chinese, Malaysians, and Caucasians but resembled the Indians. No APOB polymorphisms were associated with cholesterol levels (total, HDL and LDL). Significant associations of genotypes were shown with the triglyceride level only at the AluI and XbaI sites. The lipid level of A-A+ females or X-X+ males was higher than that of A-A- females or X-X- males, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Background
There are a number of evidence-based, in-person clinical inteventions for problem drinkers, but most problem drinkers will never seek such treatments. Reaching the population of non-treatment seeking problem drinkers will require a different approach. Accordingly, this randomized clinical trial evaluated an intervention that has been validated in clinical settings and then modified into an ultra-brief format suitable for use as an indicated public health intervention (i.e., targeting the population of non-treatment seeking problem drinkers).Methodology/Principal Findings
Problem drinkers (N = 1767) completed a baseline population telephone survey and then were randomized to one of three conditions – a personalized feedback pamphlet condition, a control pamphlet condition, or a no intervention control condition. In the week after the baseline survey, households in the two pamphlet conditions were sent their respective interventions by postal mail addressed to ‘Check Your Drinking.’ Changes in drinking were assessed post intervention at three-month and six-month follow-ups. The follow-up rate was 86% at three-months and 76% at six-months. There was a small effect (p = .04) in one of three outcome variables (reduction in AUDIT-C, a composite measure of quantity and frequency of drinking) observed for the personalized feedback pamphlet compared to the no intervention control. No significant differences (p>.05) between groups were observed for the other two outcome variables – number of drinks consumed in the past seven days and highest number of drinks on one occasion.Conclusions/Significance
Based on the results of this study, we tentatively conclude that a brief intervention, modified to an ultra-brief, public health format can have a meaningful impact.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov . NCT00688584相似文献13.
Toriola F. Solanke 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1968,3(5621):783-785
No adverse effects were seen in 29 patients given an intravenous infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Platelet counts had fallen by eight hours after infusion, but had reached pretransfusion levels by 24 hours. Two patients developed unusual bleeding post-operatively, which was possibly due to the infusion. Further investigations on the first stage of coagulation and prothrombin generation in patients receiving hydroxyethyl starch are required. 相似文献
14.
本文报道从人血浆脂蛋白Lp(a)中,分离纯化载脂蛋白(a)。收集富含Lp(a)的混合血浆,超离心,获密度1.05g/ml至1.08g/ml的粗制Lp(a),经过Bio-Gel A5m层析后,证明纯化后的Lp(a)仅与apo(a)抗血清反应,经DTT处理过的Lp(a),在琼脂糖电泳中的泳动率由胶β位移到β位,在印迹免疫反应中,对apo(a)的抗血清反应依然显示在前β位,SDS聚丙烯凝胶电脉的迁移率慢 相似文献
15.
16.
Lipoprotein (a) and plasminogen are immunochemically related 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
I Karàdi G M Kostner A Gries J Nimpf L Romics E Malle 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1988,960(1):91-97
Earlier studies demonstrated that lipoprotein (a), a lipoprotein of high atherogenicity, possesses proteolytic activity. In this report, we provide evidence that the lipoprotein (a)-specific antigen, apoprotein (a) is immunochemically related to plasminogen. This was demonstrated by polyclonal antisera from rabbit, sheep and horse, and with three monoclonal antibodies from mouse. Using immunospecific adsorbers against lipoprotein (a), all plasminogen could be adsorbed from lipoprotein (a)-positive and apparently lipoprotein (a)-negative plasma. As an additional similarity to plasminogen, lipoprotein (a) binds selectively to lysine-Sepharose, but with a somewhat lower affinity. In an assay system for measuring the fibrinolytic activity challenged with streptokinase, lipoprotein (a) prolonged strikingly the fibrinolysis time under certain experimental conditions. 相似文献
17.
Kimio Sugiyama Kayoko Ohishi Keiichiro Muramatsu 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1601-1606
The effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on plasma and liver lipid concentrations were investigated with rats fed on a high cholesterol diet. When graded levels of GSH, 0.75 to 5.0%, were added to the 25% casein basal diet, the plasma total cholesterol level was significantly decreased and the HDL-cholesterol level was inversely increased in all addition levels without influence on the growth of animals except for the 5% addition level; the dietary addition of 5% GSH markedly depressed the growth and food consumption of rats and caused a slight diarrhea. Plasma triglyceride and phospholipid levels were decreased by the dietary addition of GSH. The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were decreased as the dietary addition level of GSH was increased. The dietary addition of a mixture of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, or cysteine alone corresponding to 2.5% GSH resulted in a cholesterol-lowering effect which could not be distinguished from the effect of GSH in rats fed on the 25% casein diet. When 1.5% GSH was added to a low (10%) casein diet, the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of GSH was also observed and the effect was comparable to that of cysteine. These results indicate that dietary-added GSH has a plasma and liver cholesterol-lowering efficacy and that this effect is largely attributable to the cysteine residue of GSH rather than to the tripeptide itself or the other amino acid residues. 相似文献
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19.
Pamela A. Dyson Denis Anthony Brenda Fenton Denise E. Stevens Beatriz Champagne Li-Ming Li Jun Lv Jorge Ramírez Hernández K. R. Thankappan David R. Matthews Community Interventions for Health collaboration 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Background
Non-communicable disease (NCD) is increasing rapidly in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), and is associated with tobacco use, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. There is little evidence for up-scaled interventions at the population level to reduce risk in LMIC.Methods
The Community Interventions for Health (CIH) program was a population-scale community intervention study with comparator population group undertaken in communities in China, India, and Mexico, each with populations between 150,000-250,000. Culturally appropriate interventions were delivered over 18-24 months. Two independent cross-sectional surveys of a stratified sample of adults aged 18-64 years were conducted at baseline and follow-up.Results
A total of 6,194 adults completed surveys at baseline, and 6,022 at follow-up. The proportion meeting physical activity recommendations decreased significantly in the control group (C) (44.1 to 30.2%), but not in the intervention group (I) (38.0 to 36.1%), p<0.001. Those eating ≥5 portions of fruit and vegetables daily decreased significantly in C (19.2 to 17.2%), but did not change in I (20.0 to 19.6%,), p=0.013. The proportion adding salt to food was unchanged in C (24.9 to 25.3%) and decreased in I (25.9 to 19.6%), p<0.001. Prevalence of obesity increased in C (8.3 to 11.2%), with no change in I (8.6 to 9.7%,) p=0.092. Concerning tobacco, for men the difference-in-difference analysis showed that the reduction in use was significantly greater in I compared to C (p=0.014)Conclusions
Up-scaling known health promoting interventions designed to reduce the incidence of NCD in whole communities in LMIC is feasible, and has measurable beneficial outcomes on risk factors for NCD, namely tobacco use, diet, and physical inactivity. 相似文献20.
Lipoprotein(a) in women twins: heritability and relationship to apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes.
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M A Austin C Sandholzer J V Selby B Newman R M Krauss G Utermann 《American journal of human genetics》1992,51(4):829-840
Lp(a) is a unique lipoprotein consisting of an LDL-like particle and a characteristic protein, apo(a). Increased levels of Lp(a) constitute a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Variation in the size of the apo(a) protein is a phenotype controlled by the apo(a) gene on chromosome 6 and is related to Lp(a) plasma levels. Based on 169 MZ and 125 DZ adult female twin pairs, this study's purpose was to estimate the proportion of the variation in Lp(a) levels that is due to genetic influences and to determine the extent to which the apo(a) locus explains this heritability. Lp(a) levels were significantly more similar in MZ twins than in DZ twins: mean co-twin differences were 3.9 +/- 5.7 mg/dl and 16.0 +/- 19.9 mg/dl (P less than .001), respectively. Intraclass correlations were .94 in MZ twins and .32 in DZ twins, resulting in a heritability estimate of .94 (P less than .001). Heritability was then calculated using only co-twins with the same apo(a) phenotype: the heritability estimate decreased to .45 but was still highly significant (P less than .001). Therefore, on the basis of heritability analysis of women twins, Lp(a) levels are almost entirely genetically controlled. Variation at the apo(a) locus contributes to this heritability, although other genetic factors could be involved. 相似文献