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噬菌体是能特异性感染细菌的病毒,自发现以来一直被用作抗菌药物。但随着抗生素的广泛使用,噬菌体疗法逐渐被淡忘。目前,抗生素耐药性(尤其是多药耐药)的出现,严重威胁着患者的生命和健康,抗生素耐药已成为一个全球性的公共卫生问题,因此寻找新的治疗方法非常必要。在西方国家长期被忽视的噬菌体疗法,如今正重现生机。本文通过查阅国内外大量病例,对噬菌体与抗生素联合治疗的一些实例进行了讨论,阐述了这种双重治疗的可行性,指出其面临的挑战,并且还阐述了噬菌体和抗生素之间可能存在的作用机制。 相似文献
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鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella typhimurium)是一种人畜共患的肠道病原菌,可引起肠道炎症。该病原菌主要通过其致病岛(SPIs)编码的III型分泌系统(T3SS)分泌效应因子,包括促炎因子和抗炎因子。其在入侵肠上皮细胞时会释放促炎因子引发炎症反应,同时,为防止促炎因子过度破坏宿主细胞影响菌体的生存和繁殖,鼠伤寒沙门菌会产生一系列抗炎因子来调节细胞内信号通路,与宿主共同繁殖并最终全身扩散造成严重感染。旨在对鼠伤寒沙门菌利用T3SS效应因子入侵并调节宿主细胞信号通路机制进行概述。 相似文献
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噬菌体是自然界中广泛存在的细菌病毒,作为细菌的天然杀手,在细菌性感染尤其是多重耐药菌感染的治疗方面具有抗生素无法比拟的优势。综述了利用活噬菌体治疗细菌性感染的早期研究及近几年的初步临床试验结果、利用噬菌体裂解酶治疗细菌性感染的最新进展,指出了噬菌体治疗真正得以应用所面临的主要障碍并综述分析了一些具有一定可行性的解决方案,以期为噬菌体治疗的研究和应用提供参考,并推动噬菌体治疗研究的进一步发展。 相似文献
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目的 了解2017年丽水市中心医院临床分离病原菌的分布情况和耐药特征。方法 收集丽水市中心医院2017年全年临床分离病原菌,采用K-B纸片法及Vitek2-Compact系统进行药物敏感性试验,采用WHONET 5.6软件进行数据分析。结果 共分离到病原菌5 928株,其中革兰阳性菌1 875株(31.63%),革兰阴性菌4 053株(68.37%)。革兰阳性菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、肺炎链球菌为多见。革兰阴性菌中以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、流感嗜血杆菌为多见。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢西丁敏感性较高。产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为53.5%和23.6%。鲍曼不动杆菌复合群对碳青霉烯类抗菌药、喹诺酮类、头孢吡肟的耐药率>70%。铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率30%,未检到万古霉素和利奈唑胺的耐药株。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为43.6%和68.5%。结论 细菌耐药情况日益严重,特别是多重耐药及泛耐药细菌的不断增加给临床治疗带来了极大的困难,因此须定期监测细菌耐药情况以预防耐药菌的产生和传播流行。 相似文献
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Fawzi Al-Razem Hiba Al-Aloul Murad Ishnaiwer Razan Qadi 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(5):3308-3312
Infections caused by Salmonella remain a major public health problem worldwide. Animal food products, including poultry meat and eggs, are considered essential components in the individual’s daily nutrition. However, chicken continues to be the main reservoir for Salmonella spp.Poultry farmers use several types of antibiotics to treat pathogens. This can pose a health risk as pathogens can build antibiotic resistance in addition to the possibility of accumulation of these antibiotics in food products. The use of phages in treating poultry pathogens is increasing worldwide due to its potential use as an effective alternative to antibiotics. Phages have several advantages over antibiotics; phages are very specific to target bacteria, less chances of developing secondary infections, and they only replicate at the site of infection.Here we report the isolation of a bacteriophage from chicken feces. The isolated bacteriophage hosts on Salmonella Gallinarum, a common zoonotic infection that causes fowl typhoid, known to cause major losses to poultry sector. The isolated bacteriophage was partially characterized as a DNA virus resistant to RNase digestion with approximately 20 Kb genome. SDS-PAGE analysis of total viral proteins showed at least five major bands (21, 28, 42, 55 and 68 kDa), indicating that this virus is relatively small compared to other known poultry phages. The isolated bacteriophage has the potential to be an alternative to antibiotics and possibly reducing antibiotic resistance in poultry farms. 相似文献
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《Phytomedicine》2014,21(12):1666-1674
Acinetobacter baumannii is a rapidly emerging, highly resistant clinical pathogen with increasing prevalence. In recent years, the limited number of antimicrobial agents available for treatment of infections with multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains reinforced tendency for discovery of novel antimicrobial agents or treatment strategies. The aim of the study was to determine antimicrobial effectiveness of three Myrtus communis L. essential oils, both alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics, against MDR A. baumannii wound isolates. The results obtained highlighted the occurrence of good antibacterial effect of myrtle oils when administered alone. Using checkerboard method, the combinations of subinhibitory concentrations of myrtle essential oils and conventional antibiotics, i.e. polymixin B and ciprofloxacine were examined. The results proved synergism among M. communis L. essential oils and both antibiotics against MDR A. baumannii wound isolates, with a FIC index under or equal 0.50. Combination of subinhibitory concentrations of essential oils and ciprofloxacin most frequently reduced bacterial growth in synergistic manner. The similar has been shown for combination with polymyxin B; furthermore, the myrtle essential oil resulted in re-sensitization of the MDR wound isolates, i.e. MICs used in combination were below the cut off for the sensitivity to the antibiotic. Time-kill curve method confirmed efficacy of myrtle essential oil and polymyxin B combination, with complete reduction of bacterial count after 6 h. The detected synergy offers an opportunity for future development of treatment strategies for potentially lethal wound infections caused by MDR A. baumannii. 相似文献
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Antibiotic resistance is a common and serious public health worldwide. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers one of the best solutions to antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages survive where their bacterial hosts are found; thus, they exist in almost all environments and their applications are quite varied in the medical, environmental, and industrial fields. Moreover, a single phage or a mixture of phages can be used in phage therapy; mixed phages tend to be more effective in reducing the number and/or activity of pathogenic bacteria than that of a single phage. 相似文献
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Samah Eid Hala M.N. Tolba Rehab I. Hamed Nayera M. Al-Atfeehy 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(5):3380-3389
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is considered a severe issue to both poultry business and health of the general public. In that context, 50 samples from 250 diseased broiler chickens in 10 chicken farms were employed to Escherichia coli isolation. Microbiological techniques were employed to detect isolates of E. coli from 250 diseased broiler chickens which were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility profiles against 11 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion technique as well as their biofilm forming capacity were detected. In addition to, study the isolation and purification of phages based on spot technique to verify that lytic phages are present in E. coli isolates and plaque assay for titration of bacteriophages. In the present research, we also looked at the ability of bacteriophages to inhibit and dissolve previously formed biofilms by E. coli O78 isolate. Moreover, experimental testing of E. coli O78 bacteriophages for colibacillosis prevention and control in one day old broiler chicks were done. The obtained results showed that twenty-six E. coli isolates out of 50 examined samples were isolated (10.4%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O121:H7, O146:H2, O124, O113:H4, O112:H2, O1:H7, O55:H7, O2:H6, O91:H21, O26:H11. Antibiogram results demonstrated the resistance of E. coli isolates with high percentage 100% were against, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Tetracycline. Biofilm quantification analysis showed that 24/26 (92.3%) isolates were considered biofilm producer isolates. The characterization and the lytic activity of bacteriophage were performed based on Transmission electron microscopy and showed the greatest lytic activity against the evaluated host strains with effective activity at concentration of 107 at 24 h and strong significant reduction of the established E. coli O 78 biofilm within 12 h. The result of experimental infection showed that the performance indicators of phage in treated and challenged group showed high significant increase in body weight, weight gain and improved FCR than infected –antibiotic treated and infected bacteriophage and antibiotic treated. Total viable cell counts of E. coli in the lungs of birds revealed that there is highly significant difference between the six groups count results. We concluded that phage therapy found to be an attractive option to prevent and control multidrug resistant colibacillosis in broilers. 相似文献
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《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2019,27(19):115043
High-throughput screening of small-molecule libraries has led to the identification of thiadiazoles as a new class of inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (SrtA). N-(5-((4-nitrobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)nicotinamide (IC50 = 3.8 µM) was identified as a potent inhibitor of SrtA after synthetic modification of hit compounds. Additional ligands developed in this study displayed affinities in the low micromolar range without affecting bacterial growth in vitro. The study also suggest a new mode of action through covalent binding to the active site cysteine. 相似文献
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目的:探讨与分析近3年新疆地区三级医院多重耐药菌感染及耐药性。方法:选择2016年1月-2018年12月在新疆地区三级医院进行住院诊治的患者1100例作为研究对象,调查与检测多重耐药菌感染及耐药情况,分析导致多重耐药菌感染的危险影响因素。结果:在1100例患者中,判断为多重耐药菌感染20例,感染率为1.8%,且呈现显著升高的趋势(P0.05)。这20例患者中检出病原菌20株,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌10株、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌6株、耐万古霉素肠球菌4株。甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌对呋喃妥因、亚胺培南、哌拉西林有比较高的敏感性,对庆大霉素、氨苄西林、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星的敏感性比较低。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示除年龄外,外置导管天数、住院时间、糖尿病、使用抗生素种类2种、合并慢性肺部疾病、合并心血管疾病、动静脉置管、使用呼吸机为导致住院患者多重耐药菌感染的危险影响因素(P0.05)。结论:2016年至2018年新疆地区三级医院多重耐药菌感染逐年增加,以甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌为主。外置导管天数、住院时间、糖尿病、使用抗生素种类2种、合并慢性肺部疾病、合并心血管疾病、动静脉置管、使用呼吸机为导致住院患者多重耐药菌感染的危险因素,在临床治疗中,应根据患者自身的情况,有效减少接触性感染、控制感染的因素,同时根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗生素的种类和剂量,以阻止院内多重耐药菌的散播。 相似文献