RAPD方法用于亚洲玉米螟地理种群分化的研究

玉米螟属鳞翅目(Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｔｅｒａ)螟蛾科(Ｐｙｒａｌｉｄａｅ)拟螟亚科(Ｐｙｒａｕｓｔｉｎａｅ)杆野螟属(Ｏｓｔｒｉｎｉａ),是世界性的重大农业害虫。70年代以来,通过形态学鉴别、遗传杂交实验和性信息素组份分析及其活性反应等方面的实验表明,在我国绝大部分地?..     

Feeding regulation by neuropeptide Y on Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis

The Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis is a major agricultural pest. In this study, a full‐length neuropeptide Y (npy) gene in O. furnacalis was sequenced and cloned from cDNA library, which contains an ORF of 273 bp by encoding 90 amino acid residues. The mature OfurNPY is composed of 29 amino acids with amidation in C‐terminal. The spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that npy highest expression level was in the midgut of the fifth instar larvae (the gluttony period). When the expression of npy was knocked down by feeding or injecting dsNPY, larval food consumption, body size, and body weight were significantly inhibited compared to controls. These results indicate that NPY is an important regulator in the control of feeding of O. furnacalis.     

溴氰菊酯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾感受雌性信息素的影响

为了探索溴氰菊醋对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾感受雌性信息素的影响,本文运用触角电位仪和风洞装置对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾进行了电生理和行为反应的测试．结果表明,处理雄蛾对不同比例雌性信息素的触角电位反应分别在E／Z;1／9、5／5和9／1处出现峰值,与对照相比无显著改变,但反应幅度为0．25—0．45mV,比对照下降0．15—0．35mV．对不同剂量的性信息素,引起可见触角电位反应的低限阈值为1ng,饱和反应剂量为10000ng,但反应幅度亦下降0．1—0．5mV,说明溴氰菊酯主要是影响雄蛾周缘感受系统的敏感性．但在风洞测试中,雄蛾除在反应率上比对照明显降低外,其峰值感受比例从E／Z＝1／1漂移到7／3以上．雄蛾对雌性信息素的低限反应剂量也从10ng漂移到100ng,并且高限反应剂量也从100000ng降低到50000ng,使有效作用剂量范围缩小．这说明溴氰菊酯对雄蛾的行为反应有较大影响,不仅使雄蛾对性信息素感受的敏感性降低,也影响到其感受的专化性。     

Allozyme differentiation among nine populations of the corn borer (Ostrinia) in China

To test the hypothesis of the migration of the corn borer, the allozymes of nine populations of the corn borer(Ostrinia) in China were checked using verticalslab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight loci of six allozymes were analyzed. The mean of the genetic identities among the nine populations calculated from the allele frequencies was 0.99068, much closer than that of other species and geographical populations. The mean (0.97955) of the genetic identities between the XJYN population (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, collected from Yining, Xinjiang Autonomous Region) and each of the other eight populations (O. furnacalis Guenée) was significantly smaller than that between the pairs of the eight populations (0.99386;t test,P<0.01). Although the population XJYN clearly deviates from the other eight populations in the dendrogram, the relationship of the two species of corn borer was very close. It is possible that the speciation of corn borer may have resulted from single-gene substitutions.     

一种快速鉴别亚洲玉米螟蛹雌雄的方法

报道了一种采用体视镜和三维显微镜对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)蛹雌雄进行外部形态学观察,快速准确通过外部形态特征区分玉米螟蛹雌雄的方法。结果表明,雌蛹生殖孔与产卵孔连接成1条短裂缝且都位于第8腹节,生殖孔与第7腹节后缘相连;雄蛹生殖孔位于第9腹节,距离第7腹节后缘约390μm。根据羽化后成虫鉴定结果,此方法鉴定准确率为100%。     

Seasonal and geographical variation in diapause and cold hardiness of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a key corn pest in the Asian‐Western Pacific countries. It overwinters as full‐grown larvae in plant stalks or in a spun‐silk covering located in the plant debris in the temperate regions of China. Supercooling point (SCP) and survival rate after low sub‐zero temperature treatment were assessed for field‐collected populations in the laboratory using a cool bath with a 1°C/min cooling rate until ?40°C. Mean SCPs were varied among geographical populations, with a significant decline from ?22.7°C of Haikou, the multivoltine tropical population in the south, to ?28.5°C of Gongzhuling, the univoltine temperate population in the northeast of China. In addition, there was more than 1°C difference in SCP between Gongzhuling univoltine and bivoltine populations that were from the same geographic origin. Mean SCPs of the Guangzhou population fluctuated over the year, with significantly lower SCPs in winter than in other seasons, which correlated with a significantly higher proportion of diapausing larvae in winter than in other seasons. Over 41% of overwintering larvae from the northeast population could withstand to be supercooled for a few minutes to the low sub‐zero temperature of ?40°C, but only 6.7% of their southern counterparts did so. The findings from this study suggest that O. furnacalis mostly takes advantage of freeze avoidance as diapausing larvae for overwintering in the southern region, whereas it exhibits freeze tolerance in diapause in the northeastern region.     

亚洲玉米螟滞育诱导外源性因子研究

研究了食料、温度、光周期等外源性因子对亚洲螟滞育的影响,试验证明,食料性质对其滞育诱导影响显著,取食玉米雌的幼虫以滞育诱导光周反应的敏感性强于取食棉铃的幼虫,在一定范围内,食料中可溶性糖含量增加可促进幼虫的滞育诱导,而粗蛋白含量的增加则具有抑制滞育诱导的作用,两者的互作效应不显著。高温抑制滞育诱导,你 促进滞育诱导。短光周对幼虫的滞育诱导无特定的敏感龄期,但以３龄与２龄对短光周刺激敏感性较强,包光     

亚洲玉米螟不同地理种群基于COⅠ基因序列初步分析

本研究通过对我国亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)6个地理种群的线粒体DNACOⅠ基因进行测序,运用分子进化遗传分析软件MEGA5对序列进行对比和同源性分析,并建立系统发育关系。结果表明,COⅠ基因在6个地理种群中进化具有一定的差异,平均遗传距离为0.013;进化树显示,亚洲玉米螟的三亚种群、广州种群与南昌种群聚为一支,然后与泰安种群聚为一支,再与哈尔滨种群聚为一支;而廊坊种群另聚成一支。遗传分歧度与系统发育进化关系均表明不同地理种群的遗传分化与地理距离之间具有一定的相关性。     

亚洲玉米螟对玉米果穗挥发物的定向行为反应

为了明确玉米果穗挥发物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)定向行为的影响,本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、气相色谱-触角电位(GC-EAD)技术以及行为实验测定了亚洲玉米螟对玉米果穗挥发物的电生理及行为反应。结果表明:玉米果穗气味对其未交配雄蛾、雌蛾均具有引诱作用;从中分离出35种化合物,其中(+)-环苜蓿烯含量最高,达到(2391.60±161.34)ng;6种化合物能引起亚洲玉米螟未交配成虫的GC-EAD反应,其中顺-3-己烯-1-醇、(+)-环苜蓿烯、β-石竹烯对未交配雄蛾、雌蛾定向行为具有引诱作用。     

Inheritance of photoperiodic induction of larval diapause in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis

The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) enters facultative diapause as fully‐developed larvae in response to short‐day conditions. As a consequence of geographical variation in photoperiodic response, moths from Nanchang (28°46′N, 115°50′E) enter diapause in response to short day‐lengths (D strain), even at the high temperatures whereas moths from Ledong (18°47′N, 108°89′E) exhibit almost no diapause under the same conditions (N strain). In the present study, crosses between the two strains are used to evaluate the inheritance of diapause under different photoperiods at temperatures of 22, 25 and 28 °C. The moths, both reciprocal crosses and backcrosses, show a clear long‐day response, similar to that of the D strain, suggesting that the photoperiodic response controlling diapause in this moth is heritable. However, the critical day‐length for induction of diapause is shorter in hybrids than in the D strain. The N strain also shows a short‐day photoperiodic response at the lower temperature of 22 °C, indicating that the N strain still has the capacity to enter a photoperiodically‐induced diapause, depending on the rearing temperature. The incidence of diapause in all crosses is highest with D strain fathers or grandfathers and lowest with N strain fathers or grandfathers, indicating that the male parent has significantly more influence on the incidence of diapause of subsequent progeny than the female. The results obtained from all crosses under LD 12 : 12 h or LD 13 : 11 h photocycles at 25 °C show that inheritance of diapause in O. furnacalis does not fit an additive hypothesis and that the capacity for diapause is transmitted genetically in the manner of incomplete dominance.     

亚洲玉米螟对常见植物甾醇代谢利用研究

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furndcalis G.在缺少甾醇的饲料上不能正常生长发育,能通过脱烷基化作用将△⁵-植物甾醇,如谷甾醇和豆甾醇脱去支链上的烷基变成胆甾醇加以利用,而对△⁷-烯甾烷醇的代谢则有困难。     

亚洲玉米螟酚氧化酶原的原核表达和性质分析

【目的】昆虫体内酚氧化酶原（PPO）是一种重要的天然免疫蛋白,参与昆虫的体液免疫和细胞免疫过程。本研究采用原核表达体系,大量表达可溶且具有活性的重组PPO蛋白,可用于各种酚氧化酶（PO）抑制剂的筛选,从而为创制抑制昆虫免疫系统的新型杀虫剂提供条件。【方法】利用从亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis 5龄幼虫体内克隆获得PPO基因,构建了pET-28b-PPO原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中重组表达了亚洲玉米螟PPO蛋白;采用Ni-NAT亲和层析柱快速纯化目的蛋白,进行了Western杂交鉴定;测定分析了重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后的酶学性质以及不同金属离子（Mg²⁺,Cu²⁺和Fe²⁺）对PPO二级结构的影响。【结果】融合蛋白PPO得到了表达和纯化。重组PPO蛋白激活为PO后最适反应温度为30℃,最适pH为7.2,以L-DOPA为底物时PO催化反应的V_max为140.8 U/mg·min,Km为2.96 mmol/L。Fe²⁺存在的情况下重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著增加至53.7%±4.6%,α-螺旋结构成分则显著下降至2.6%±1.2%（P<0.05）;有Mg2+存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降,α-螺旋结构成分稍有上升。有Cu²⁺存在的情况下,重组PPO蛋白中β-折叠结构成分显著下降为10.0%±1.6%,而α-螺旋结构成分则上升至35.3%±6.9%。【结论】结果说明不同金属离子对重组PPO蛋白的二级结构有显著影响。     

Factors influencing parasitism of Trichogramma dendrolimi on eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

Laboratory studies were made to determine the capacity of Trichogramma dendrolimi to parasitize eggs of Ostrinia furnacalis, as affected by the rearing host species, substrate of host eggs, host age, original locality of host populations, and cold storage of host eggs. Wasps reared from eggs of Antheraea pernyi showed parasitic capacity on eggs of O. furnacalis on average twice as high as that of the wasps reared from eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. When the age of O. furnacalis eggs at 26 °C increased from 0–6 h to 18–24 h, the proportion of wasps that successfully parasitized host eggs, the number of host eggs parasitized, and the rate of parasitization all decreased by >50%. The number of O. furnacalis eggs parasitized per female T. dendrolimi increased with the number of host eggs available, and reached 22.9 in a 24 h period. However, the parasitic capacity of female T. dendrolimi on eggs of O. furnacalis laid on plant leaves was similar to that of O. furnacalis eggs laid on wax paper. Levels of parasitism of O. furnacalis eggs from two widely separated localities, i.e. Changchun (43.50° N, 125.20° E) and Hangzhou (30.18° N, 120.07° E), were similar. Cold storage of O. furnacalis eggs at 4 °C for 5 days did not affect parasitization. Results obtained in this study indicate that although O. furnacalis is a less preferred and less suitable host than many other hosts, such as Dendrolimus punctatus, Actias selene ningpoane, Philosamia cynthia, A. pernyi, C. cephalonica, within the host-species range of T. dendrolimi, the parasitoid has the potential to achieve 50–60% or even higher rates of parasitization of O. furnacalis eggs in corn fields under suitable conditions, and could be used in the biological control of the pest.     

A new insect cell line from the pupal ovary of the Asian corn borer moth Ostrinia furnacalis

Ovaries were removed from Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) pupae and were placed in a flask containing TNM-FH medium with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum. Cell migration occurred after about 1 wk of the initiation in June 2011. The migrated cells were distributed over most of the flask and were treated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a chemical carcinogen, after about 1 mo of initiation for 26 d. Cells were first subcultured successfully 12 d after the MNNG was removed, followed by subculturing for 30 passages. The established cell line, designated IOZCAS-Osfu-1, were analyzed by DNA fingerprinting–PCR (DAF-PCR) to confirm that it originated from O. furnacalis.     

Variation of life‐history traits of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis in relation to temperature and geographical latitude

Life‐history traits from four geographical populations (tropical Ledong population [LD], subtropical Guangzhou [GZ] and Yongxiu populations, and temperate Langfang population [LF]) of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis were investigated at a wide range of temperatures (20–32°C). The larval and pupal times were significantly decreased with increasing rearing temperature, and growth rate was positively correlated with temperature. The relationship between body weight and rearing temperature in O. furnacalis did not follow the temperature–size rule (TSR); all populations exhibited the highest pupal and adult weights at high temperatures or intermediate temperatures. However, development time, growth rate, and body weight did not show a constant latitudinal gradient. Across all populations at each temperature, female were significantly bigger than males, showing a female‐biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Contrary to Rensch's rule, the SSD tended to increase with rising temperature. The subtropical GZ population exhibited the largest degree of dimorphism while the temperate LF exhibited the smallest. Male pupae lose significantly more weight at metamorphosis compared to females. The proportionate weight losses of different populations were significantly different. Adult longevity was significantly decreased with increasing temperature. Between sexes, all populations exhibit a rather female‐biased adult longevity. Finally, we discuss the adaptive significance of higher temperature‐inducing high body weight in the moth's life history and why the moth exhibits the reverse TSR.     

亚洲玉米螟成虫寿命与繁殖力的地理差异

为探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis繁殖力的地理差异,比较了亚洲玉米螟5个不同地理种群海南乐东(LD)、江西南昌(NC)、山东泰安(TA)、河北廊坊(LF)和黑龙江哈尔滨(HEB)的成虫寿命、产卵历期、产卵量,并分析了这些参数与各种群地理纬度的关系.成虫寿命随纬度升高而延长,从南到北各种群雌虫寿命分别为10.20、13.68、13.90、13.95 d和16.40 d,雄虫寿命分别为8.35、12.50、13.62、13.71 d和14.30 d;产卵历期随纬度升高而延长,从南到北各种群分别为7.45、10.45、11.90、10.62d和13.15 d;产卵量随纬度升高而增大,乐东产卵量显著低于其他种群,从南到北各种群产卵量分别为351.55、500.09、522.90、546.76粒和577.95粒/雌.这些研究结果初步揭示了亚洲玉米螟繁殖略策的地理差异.     

Sex-specific death in the Asian corn borer moth (Ostrinia furnacalis) infected with Wolbachia occurs across larval development.

Maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia induce various kinds of reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts. In a Wolbachia-infected strain of the adzuki bean borer moth, Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), males selectively die during larval development, while females selectively die when Wolbachia are eliminated by antibiotic treatment. We found that naturally occurring Wolbachia in the congener O. furnacalis caused sex-specific lethality similar to that in O. scapulalis. Cytogenetic analyses throughout the entire larval development clarified that the death of males (when infected) and females (when cured) took place mainly during early larval stages. However, some individuals also died after complete formation of larval bodies but before egg hatching, or at late larval stages, even in the penultimate instar. Although the specific timing was highly variable, death of males and females occurred before pupation without exception. The potential association of sex-specific lethality with the sex determination mechanism was also examined and is discussed.