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1.
Plasma 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH-A-dione) concentrations in man were evaluated using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Plasma 19-OH-A-dione concentrations (mean ± SE) in normal subjects are 151 ± 14 pg/ml (n=13) in males and 141 ± 9 pg/ml (n=14) in females. Plasma 19-OH-A-dione (mean ± SE) rises significantly during ACTH stimulation (116 ± 25 pg/ml vs 288 ± 38 pg/ml; P<0.01; n=5), declines significantly during dexamethasone suppression (180 ± 30 pg/ml vs 36 ± 14 pg/ml; P<0.01; n=4) and rises significantly during angiotensin II infusion (89 ± 10 pg/ml vs 159 ± 27 pg/ml; P<0.05; n=5). Plasma 19-OH-A-dione in the adrenal vein is much higher than that in the inferior vena cava (2076–3076 pg/ml vs 115–184 pg/ml; n=2). These results demonstrate that 19-OH-A-dione is directly secreted by the adrenal cortex and is under the control of ACTH and the renin-angiotensin system.  相似文献   

2.
Responses of plasma ACTH and cortisol to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were evaluated in 31 normal human males. 1.0 micrograms/ks of sterilized synthetic ovine CRF was administered to the subjects, aged 19 to 53 yr and weighing 50 to 78 kg, at between 9:30 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. as an intravenous bolus injection after an overnight fast. Blood specimens were drawn before and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injection for later determination of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassays. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels for all subjects rose significantly (p less than 0.001) from the basal level (mean +/- SEM, 26.8 +/- 4.5 pg/ml and 12.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl) to peak levels (58.4 +/- 5.5 pg/ml and 22.9 +/- 1.0 micrograms/dl) at 30 min and at 60 min, respectively. Although the plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol thereafter declined gradually, the levels at 120 min (43.4 +/- 5.2 pg/ml and 18.9 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml, respectively) were still significantly higher than the basal levels (p less than 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between the basal levels of each hormone and the ratio of the peak level to the basal level (p less than 0.01), and the increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were either not significant or much smaller for the individuals in whom the basal levels were higher than 65 pg/ml and 17.0 micrograms/dl, respectively. No serious subjective symptom was observed during the experimental period in any of the subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

3.
The responses of plasma immunoreactive (IR) proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived N-terminal peptide (Nt), IR-beta-endorphin (Ep), IR-beta-lipotropin (LPH) and IR-ACTH levels to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) and FK 33-824 (Met-Enkephalin analogue) were studied in nine patients with Addison's disease. The basal plasma levels (mean +/- SE) of IR-Nt, IR-Ep, IR-LPH and IR-ACTH were significantly higher in patients with Addison's disease (4459 +/- 975 pg/ml, 132 +/- 25 pg/ml, 4425 +/- 1030 pg/ml, 553 +/- 89 pg/ml, respectively) than in the normal controls (202 +/- 38 pg/ml, 7 +/- 2 pg/ml, 101 +/- 18 pfi/ml, 53 +/- 16 pg/ml, respectively). Ovine CRF produced rapid and concomitant increases in plasma levels of IR-Nt, IR-Ep, IR-LPH and IR-ACTH. Ep and ACTH levels reached a peak at 30 min. On the other hand, Nt and LPH levels reached a peak at 60 min and these levels gradually decreased up to 120 min. The molar concentrations of these IR-peptides in plasma were changed in close parallel fashion to one another. FK 33-824 produced a pronounced and concomitant fall in IR-Nt, IR-EP, IR-LPH, and IR-ACTH levels. These results support the theory that Nt, Ep, LPH and ACTH are produced simultaneously from POMC as a common precursor in the pituitary gland and are secreted concomitantly under various conditions such as stimulation by CRF and inhibition by FK 33-824 in patients with Addison's disease.  相似文献   

4.
In order to clarify the diurnal pattern of secretion of plasma immunoreactive (IR) proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, IR-N-terminal peptide (Nt), IR-beta-endorphin (Ep), IR-beta-lipotropin (LPH), and IR-ACTH (ACTH) in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease and Cushing's disease, we measured these 4 peptides in the same plasma obtained at 0900 h and then every three hours until 0600 h at the next day. All four peptides showed diurnal rhythms with the peaks at 0600 h, and the nadirs of ACTH, LPH, Ep and Nt were at 0000 h, 0000 h, 1800 h and 0300, respectively in normal subjects. In patients with Addison's disease, these four peptides also showed diurnal rhythms with the peaks at 0600 h for ACTH and Ep and at 0900 h for LPH and Nt, and the nadirs at 2100 h for ACTH and Ep and at 0000 h for LPH and Nt. The molar ratios of Ep/ACTH, LPH/ACTH and Nt/ACTH in plasma also presented diurnal variations in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease. On the other hand, in patients with Cushing's disease, ACTH, LPH and Nt showed no rhythmicity or change in molar ratios of Ep/ACTH, LPH/ACTH or Nt/ACTH. Only Ep showed diurnal variation. The molar ratios of Ep/ACTH, LPH/ACTH and Nt/ACTH in patients with Cushing's disease were significantly higher than those in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease at 0000 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
beta-Endorphin in human plasma: basal and pathologically elevated levels.   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
β-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity was measured in plasma of normal human subjects and in plasma of patients with pathologically elevated ACTH levels. The antiserum used displayed the same avidity for human β-endorphin and human β-lipotropin (detection limit for both peptides 1–2 fmoles/tube). Gel chromatography of the immunoreactive components in plasma of normal subjects indicated the presence of both β-lipotropin (2.1 -10.1 fmoles/ml) and β-endorphin (3.5–6.4 fmoles/ml). A close correlation between immunoreactive β-endorphin and ACTH was found in plasma of patients suffering from Addison's disease, Cushing's disease and exhibiting Nelson's syndrome. Elevated levels of β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma of these patients were due to both β-lipotropin and β-endorphin.  相似文献   

6.
Plasma corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol levels were simultaneously determined by radioimmunoassays at 0600 h, 1200 h, 1800 h and 2200 h in six normal subjects, in order to examine whether the diurnal rhythm in plasma CRF exists and how it correlates to the diurnal rhythm in plasma ACTH and cortisol concentration. The highest CRF level was observed at 0600 h (7.0 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) and significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) at 1800 h (1.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml) and 2200 h (1.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml). A clear diurnal rhythm was demonstrated in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, with the highest values at 0600 h (44.6 +/- 8.1 pg/ml and 15.9 +/- 2.0 micrograms/dl, respectively) and the lowest at 2200 h (12.3 +/- 2.8 pg/ml and 4.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively). These results suggest that the diurnal rhythm in ACTH and cortisol is under the regulation, at least in part, of the diurnal rhythm in CRF secretion.  相似文献   

7.
Plasma immunoreactive corticotrophin (ACTH) and lipotrophin (LPH) were measured in patients with raised circulating concentrations from a pituitary or an ectopic source. They were measured again in seven patients after they had received hydrocortisone. Plasma ACTH concentrations were higher than LPH concentrations in patients with a pituitary source of their hormones, whereas this relation was reversed when the source was ectopic. After hydrocortisone administration the half life of immunoreactive ACTH was 40 minutes and that of LPH 95 minutes, resulting in a reversal of the normal relation of ACTH to LPH. The use of two antisera with different specificities for measuring LPH has further shown that pituitary LPH differs from ectopic LPH. Relatively less gamma-LPH than beta-LPH was produced from ectopic sources, the relation being reversed in patients with a pituitary source for their raised concentrations. Measuring plasma LPH as well as ACTH might therefore help in deciding whether a patient with Cushing''s syndrome has a pituitary or ectopic source of ACTH, which sometimes presents a difficult clinical problem.  相似文献   

8.
Immunoreactive α-MSH was measured in plasma, pituitary and brain of male and female rats on the day of birth and at intervals afterwards up to 55–70 days of age. Plasma α-MSH concentrations on the day of birth were 528 ± 111 pg/ml and 406 ± 137 pg/ml in famel and male rats, respectively. Plasma α-MSH concentrations then fell and remained low until the onset of sexual maturity when they again rose reaching 406 ± 38 pg/ml in 70 day old females and 312 ± 46 pg/ml in 55 day old males. Pituitary α-MSH concentrations also changed with age and in male rats generally reflected the changes in plasma α-MSH concentrations. In females, on the other hand, pituitary α-MSH concentrations showed a gradual increase with age. Concentrations of α-MSH in the hypothalamus and brain increased with age and as with plasma and pituitary reached peak values in sexually mature animals. These findings are consistent with the idea that both piutiary and brain α-MSH have a role in sexually mature rats. Although α-MSH may have a role in sexual behaviour there was no evidence of any change in brain α-MSH throughout the estrous cycle.  相似文献   

9.
Plasma β-endorphin immunoactivity was measured by RIA in 26 trained long distance runners on 35 occasions before and after running. Mean total β-endorphin immunoactivity increased from 11.8 ± 1.8 (SEM) to 17.6 ± 3.1 pg/m1 in 20 runners after an easy run (p = .067), and from 8.2 ± 1.03 to 28.0 ± 6.3 pg/m1 in 15 runners after a strenuous run (p = .008). Total β-endorphin immunoactivity in the plasma extracts of 7 runners before and after the strenuous run was further characterized by Sephadex G-50 chromatography in order to separate β-endorphin from corssreacting β-lipotropin (β-LPH). A rise in β-endorphin and β-LPH concentrations after running was noted in 5 out of 7 runners.  相似文献   

10.
Plasma corticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroid levels in response to lysine vasopressin (LVP), insulin hypoglycaemia, and pyrogen have been compared in seven subjects with normal pituitary adrenal function. Intramuscular vasopressin was a weak stimulus to corticotrophin release, peak values lying within the range 49 to 141 pg/ml. Insulin hypoglycaemia consistently caused a more noticeable increase, with peak levels between 114 and 364 pg/ml, while pyrogen was the most powerful, corticotrophin levels rising to between 209 and 1,725 pg/ml. Peak plasma corticosteroid levels showed less pronounced differences between the three tests, and correlated poorly with peak ACTH levels. Thus, relatively small acute changes in corticotrophin levels produce near-maximal adrenal stimulation. Under these conditions, plasma corticosteroid measurements do not accurately reflect circulating corticotrophin levels. These findings help to explain the physiological basis of several observations on the corticosteroid responses to these clinical test procedures.  相似文献   

11.
A radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2 (TxB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2, is described. The method consists of extraction of TxB2 into ethyl acetate from acidified plasma or serum samples and saturation analysis using specific antibodies produced in rabbits against TxB2-BSA conjugate. The 50 % displacement level of the standard curve was 19.1 ± 2.9 pg/tube (mean ± S.D., n = 19). The method blank was 3.4 ± 3.1 pg/ml (n = 15) and the assay sensitivity thus 9.6 pg/ml (mean blank + 2 S.D.). When 100 to 200 pg of TxB2 were added to plasma, 96.2–103.6 % were recovered. The intra-assay coefficient of variation varied from 6.7 to 9.7 %, and the inter-assay coefficient of variation was 18.6 % (n = 10). The TxB2 concentration in the plasma of 14 healthy subjects varied from 29.3 to 120.8 pg/ml with a mean ± S.D. of 70.1 ± 26.1 pg/ml, when the blood was collected into tubes containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), whereas significantly higher (p < 0.001) TxB2 concentrations of 68.3 – 285.3 pg/ml with a mean ± S.D. of 151.8 ± 66.6 pg/ml were obtained from the same subjects in the plasma of blood which was collected into tubes containing no ASA. When blood samples from 10 subjects were allowed to clot at 0, +24 or +37°C for 60 min., the TxB2 concentrations in the sera were 2053 ± 870 pg/ml, 4001 ± 1370 pg/ml and 178557 ± 54000 pg/ml, respectively. The TxB2 levels in sera which were separated from blood samples incubated at +37°C, correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with the TxB2 productions in platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) after an induced aggregation. Our results indicate 1) when TxB2 is measured in plasma, the use of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor in the collection tubes is necessary and 2) the measurement of TxB2 in serum of blood which has been kept at +37°C for a strictly standardized period of time could replace the use of PRP in TxB2 studies.  相似文献   

12.
Serotoninergic control of food intake has been shown to be abnormal in obese persons with a decrease in serotoninergic tone. The neuroendocrine effects of intravenous I.V. administration of clomipramine (CMI), a serotonin uptake inhibitor, were studied in normal-weight (n=7) and obese subjects before (n=12) and after (n=6) dietary restriction. Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions, a single 12.5 mg dose of CMI was administered. There was no difference in baseline values of prolactin (PRL), corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in non-obese controls, obese before and obese after weight loss. CMI led to significant increases of PRL, ACTH, and cortisol concentrations in the controls as well as the obese group. The ACTH and cortisol responses to CMI in obese subjects were somewhat greater than the responses in normal-weight subjects. The area under the curve AUC for ACTH after clomipramine was 6202 ± 976 pg/ml.150 minutes for the obese before weight loss and 3274 ± 512 pg/ml.150 minutes for the controls and the difference was significant at the level of p=0.052. The cortisol peak value after clomipramine was 163.71 ± 14.31 ng/ml in the non-obese and 214.66 ± 12.59 ng/ml in the obese (p=0.025). However, there was no difference in the obese subjects before and after weight loss. These data support the assumption that obese women have an abnormal sensitivity to the serotoninergic control of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), and that a mild weight loss does not significantly modify their serotoninergic tone.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of various test materials on plasma β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (β-EpLI) were investigated in man using a specific radioimmunoassay developed by the authors. Plasma β-EpLI was determined after extraction by the acid/acetone method (recovery 73±5%). The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.0% and 7.6%, respectively. The plasma concentrations of human β-EpLI in normal subjects were 11.6±4.0 pmol/l for men (n=23) and 10.7±4.8 pmol/l for women (n=27). Ingestion of a test meal (150 g of Campbell's condensed meat soup) resulted in a biphasic rise in plasma β-EpLI from the basal level of 4.4±1.0 pmol/l to 29.2±1.9 pmol/l after 5 min and 24.8±6.7 pmol/l after 90 min. Intraduodenal infusion of 115 ml of 0.1 M HCl over 10 min increased the plasma β-EpLI level from 8.7±0.5 pmol/l to 15.5±0.4 pmol/l at 10 min after the start of infusion, but the level rapidly returned to the initial value after the end of the infusion. Intramuscular injection of 4 μg/kg body weight of tetragastrin markedly stimulated gastric acid output and β-EpLI release, but pretreatment with 10 mg of histamine H2 receptor antagonist inhibited the gastric acid output and plasma β-EpLI release induced by tetragastrin.These results indicate that β-EpLI release is stimulated by ingestion of meat soup, duodenal acidification and tetragastrin administration. It is suggested that gastric acid participates, at least in part, in postprandial release of β-EpLI, probably from the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

14.
Concentrations of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone were investigated in three adult beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), held in a large outdoor public aquarium exhibit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resting concentrations of these hormones and associated diurnal variations with routine interactions and medical procedures. Resting blood samples were collected voluntarily from the ventral fluke veins at predetermined times of the day to evaluate diurnal changes in analyte concentrations. In addition, hematology and serum chemistry analyses were performed to monitor health status and evaluate changes related to physical exam procedures. Analogous sampling was conducted during out-of-water physical examinations and before and after wading-contact sessions (WCS). Baseline stress hormone concentrations (± SD) were as follows: plasma ACTH (8.41 ± 5.8 pg/mL), serum cortisol (1.80 ± 0.71 g/dL), and serum aldosterone (11.42 ± 5.5 pg/mL). Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were consistently higher in early morning than evening, while aldosterone was higher in the evening. All stress-related hormones were significantly elevated during physical examination. Plasma ACTH concentrations were most increased, 5–10-fold, during physical examination, whereas cortisol and aldosterone showed 2–4-fold elevations. Stress response analytes measured during the WCS did not differ significantly from baseline concentrations.  相似文献   

15.
This study was designed to compare the responsiveness of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol secretion to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the morning and early evening in normal human subjects. Synthetic ovine CRF (1.0 micrograms/kg) or normal saline, was administered as an i.v. bolus injection to six normal males at 900 h and 1700 h. Blood samples were obtained before and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after CRF or saline injection. Significant increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were observed in all subjects at the both time of testing after CRF injection. The net increments in the areas under the concentration curve (areas in the CRF experiment minus those in the saline control experiment) were not statistically different for both ACTH (mean +/- SEM: 41.0 +/- 10.6 pg/ml h in the morning: 51.1 +/- 8.9 pg/ml h in the evening) and cortisol (mean +/- SEM: 28.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/dl h in the morning; 36.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/dl h in the evening). Also no significant difference was observed in net increment, peak level and the ratio of peak level to the basal level of ACTH and cortisol after CRF injection. There were no appreciable changes in plasma concentrations of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone or prolactin, although slight but statistically significant rises in plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were observed. These results suggest that there is no significant difference in responsiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis to CRF in the morning (900 h) and early evening (1700 h), and thus the time of day will not necessarily have to be considered when CRF is used between these times in a clinical test to evaluate pituitary ACTH reserve.  相似文献   

16.
These studies test the hypothesis that pregnancy alters the feedback effects of cortisol on stimulated ACTH secretion. Ewes were sham-operated (Sham), or adrenalectomized (ADX) at approximately 108 days gestation and replaced with aldosterone (3 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) and with cortisol at either of two doses (ADX + 0.6 and ADX + 1 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)); ewes were studied during pregnancy and postpartum. Mean cortisol levels produced in ADX ewes were similar to normal pregnant ewes (ADX+1) or nonpregnant ewes (ADX+0.6), respectively. Plasma ACTH concentrations in response to infusion of nitroprusside were significantly increased in the pregnant ADX+0.6 ewes (1,159 +/- 258 pg/ml) relative to pregnant Sham ewes (461 +/- 117 pg/ml) or the ADX+1 ewes (442 +/- 215 pg/ml) or the same ewes postpartum (151 +/- 69 pg/ml). Plasma ACTH concentrations were not significantly different among the groups postpartum. Increasing plasma cortisol to 20-30 ng/ml for 24 h before hypotension produced similar inhibition of ACTH in all groups. Pregnancy appears to decrease the effectiveness of low concentrations of cortisol to inhibit ACTH responses to hypotension.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between central and peripheral concentrations of proopiocortin-related peptides in different periods of life. One hundred and eighty-nine plasma samples from normal subjects (18-87 years) obtained in basal conditions, and 20 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained by lumbar puncture from healthy volunteers (18-75 years) were studied. beta Lipotropin (beta LPH), beta endorphin (beta EP) and ACTH were measured by specific RIA after silicic acid plasma extraction and gel chromatography (beta LPH and beta EP). No sex differences were found in the patterns of the three peptides either in the plasma or in CSF. In the plasma samples, both beta LPH and beta EP concentrations showed a pattern throughout life which was expressed by a paraboloid function with the lowest values found in young and old subjects and with peaks at 51.3 and 48.2 years, respectively. On the contrary, ACTH values failed to be represented by a significant linear or curvilinear regression and presented only a slight decrease in subjects over 75 years of age. CSF levels of beta LPH were significantly lower in 45-76 year old subjects (18.8 +/- 12.6 fmol/ml, M +/- SD) than in 18-44 year old subjects (34.5 +/- 15.8; p less than 0.05), as were those of beta EP (elderly: 41.2 +/- 19.7; young: 94.2 +/- 36.7; p less than 0.05), which showed a significantly linear inverse correlation with age (r = 0.6062, p less than 0.01). These CSF samples did not show any ACTH variations connected with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

18.
Plasma immunoreactive (IR)-7B2 was measured in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), using a specific radioimmunoassay. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) concentration of plasma IR-7B2 in CRF patients under hemodialysis (502 +/- 36 pg/ml, n = 27) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (men, 52.9 +/- 1.7 pg/ml (n = 179); women, 55.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (n = 198]. Significant correlations between plasma levels of IR-7B2 and those of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin were evident in non-dialyzed CRF patients. In the analyses of pooled plasma and urine obtained from normal subjects on gel permeation chromatography, a major peak of IR-7B2 was observed at an apparent molecular weight of 20,000 in the plasma, and at a position of a smaller molecular weight in the urine. These results suggest that 7B2 is degraded mainly in the kidney and that measurement of plasma 7B2 may serve as an appropriate tool for assessing renal function.  相似文献   

19.
Discrete areas of freshly obtained adult bovine brain were assayed for their content of immunoreactive β-lipotropin (β-LPH), ACTH and β-endorphin. Highest concentrations (pg/100ug protein) of β-LPH were present in hypothalamus (517 ± 81), hippocampus (218 ± 60), central grey rostral mesencephalic level, pons, striatum, and spinal cord (163–258). Lesser concentrations (49–138) were present in other parts of the limbic system, brain stem, cortex and thalamus. Immunoreactive ACTH concentrations were highest in hypothalamus (1702 ± 487) and hippocampus (210 ± 40), with markedly lesser concentrations (5–24) being present in all the other aforementioned areas. Immunoreactive β-endorphin concentrations in hypothalamus were 1990 ± 510, in hippocampus 280 ± 50.  相似文献   

20.
An antiserum to βh-lipotropin (LPH) which does not cross react with βh-endorphin has been obtained utilizing two different methods of affinity chromatography. This was employed in studies of three normal human subjects in whom the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and fractional rate of disappearance (Kd) of ACTH and βh-LPH were determined following bolus simultaneous injection of 270 μg highly purified βh-LPH and 230 μg of synthetic human ACTH. A biphasic disappearance curve was noted for both hormones. βh-LPH: MCR-0.571, 0.519, and 0.461 L/minute; Vd-30.7, 27.7, 25.0 liters, representing 49, 46 and 35% of body weight; Kd-0.0186, 0.0187, 0.0185 min?1. ACTH: MCR-0.274, 0.266, and 0.332 L/minute; Vd-6.5, 6.5, 14.5 liters, representing 10.4, 10.8 and 20.4% of body weight; Kd-0.0418, 0.0409, 0.0229 min?1. The observed larger MCR of βh-LPH can account for previous observations of basal plasma ACTH/LPH ratios greater than unity, even though these peptides are present in the pituitary in equimolar concentrations.  相似文献   

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