中国壁蜂族十新种记述(蜜蜂总科,切叶蜂科,壁蜂族)

记述壁蜂族Osmiini 4属10新种:方角壁蜂Osmia(s.str.)quadricornuta sp.nov.,拟红壁蜂Osmia(s. str.)rufinoides sp.nov.,延边壁蜂Osmia(s.str.)yanbianense sp.nov.,陕西壁蜂Osmia(Helicosmia)shaanxiense sp.nov.,吉林壁蜂Osmia(Melanosmia)jilinense sp.nov.,新疆栉壁蜂Stenosmta xinjiangense sp. nov,脊臀裂爪蜂Chelostoma(s.str.)carinocaudata sp.nov.,长舌裂爪蜂Chelostoma(Ceriaheriades)longilabraris sp.nov.,红角拟孔蜂Hoplitis(Alcidemea)rufoatennails sp. nov.,波氏拟孔蜂Hoplitis(Megalosmia)popovi sp. nov..模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of the barrier reef ecosystems at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, and other parts of the Caribbean Sea, with descriptions of twenty-seven new species and revision of Heterodrilus, Thalassodrilides and Smithsonidrilus

Fifty-nine species of Tubifieidae are recorded from Belize on the Caribbean side of Central America. Twenty-five are new to science: Ainudrilus geminus sp.n., Heronidrilus gravidus sp.n., Heterodrilus flexuosus sp.n., H. ranus sp.n., H. modestus sp.n., Coralliodrilus rugosus sp.n., C. randyi sp.n., Phallodrilus compactus sp. n., P. singularis sp.n., P. vicinus sp.n., P. nasutus sp.n., P. bipartitus sp.n., Inanidrilus reginae sp.n., Olavius finitimus sp.n., O. vacuus sp.n., O. (Olavius) pravus sp.n., Bathydrilus vetustus sp.n., B. egenus sp.n., Thalassodrilides bruneti sp.n., Limnodriloides anxius sp.n., L. major sp.n., L. sacculus sp.n., L. adversus sp.n., Smithsonidrilus appositus sp.n., S. involutus sp.n. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Heterodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, Thalassodrilides Brinkhurst & Baker, 1979, and Marcusaedrilus Righi & Kanner, 1979, are paraphyletic taxa as previously defined. They are therefore revised to include also apomorphic species earlier attributed to separate genera; in so doing, Marcusaedrilus becomes a junior synonym of Smithsonidrilus Brinkhurst, 1966. Smithsonidrilus pauper sp.n. (Peru), and S. multiglandularis sp.n. (Florida and Puerto Rico) are also described, and Limnodriloides claviger Erséus, 1982 is regarded as a synonym of L. pierantonii (Hrabě, 1971).     

中国切叶蜂属十四新种记述(蜜蜂总科,切叶蜂科)

记述切叶蜂科切叶蜂属Megachile Latreille 7亚属14新种:Megachile(Eutricharaea )laminopeds sp.nov.,Megachile ( Amegachile ) alboplumula sp. nov. , Megachile ( Xanthosaurus ) plumatus sp. nov., Megachile ( Xanthosaurus) hei sp. nov., Megachile (Xanthosaurus) silvapis sp. nov., Megachile (Pseudomegachile) eurycephala sp. nov.,Megachile ( Pseudomegachile ) nigropectoralis sp. nov.,Megachile (Pseudomegachile) sphenapis sp. nov., Megachile (Callomegachile) gigas sp. nov. , Megachile ( Callomegachile ) rhyssalus sp. nov. , Megachile ( Lagella ) hubeiensis sp. nov,Megachile ( Lagella ) trizonata sp. nov. , Megachile ( Chelostomoda ) nigroapicalis sp. nov. , Megachile ( Chelostomoda ) crabipedes sp.nov..采自云南、海南、湖北、四川、贵州等地. 模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

НАУТИЛОИДЕИ НИЖНЕГО ОРДОВИКА ИЗ РАЙОНА ЦЗОЦЗЫШАНВ ИКЗЧЖАОМЗНЬ ВНУТРЕННЕГО МОНГОЛИИ

Polydesmia zuezshanensis Chang (sp.nov.)(CD74)Polydesmia yilehetoensis Chang (sp.nov.)(CD74)Polydesmia sp.A (CD74)Polydesmia sp.B (CD73A)Polydesmia sp.C (CD73B)Ordosoceras sphaeroiforme Chang (gen.et sp.nov.),(CD74A)Ordosoceras quasilineatum Chang (gen.et sp.nov.)(CD74B)Ordosoceras sp.(CD74B)Ormoceras sp.A (CD74)Ormoceras sp.B (CD74D)Ormoceras(?) sp.(CD74C)Endoceras sp.(CD74)Cameroceras sp.(CD74)Vaginoceras undulatum Chang (sp,nov.)(CD74D)Vaginoceras sp.(CD74D)Polygrammoceras sp.(CD74D)Polygrammoceras(?) sp.(CD74D)Michelinoceras sp.A (CD74D)     

Gnathostomulida from Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand

Of 54 species of Gnathostomulida known to date, only six have been reported from the Pacific Ocean. This paper describes 18 species of Gnathostomulida from the Pacific islands of Fiji. Tonga and northern New Zealand. Of these, three are species previously described from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Haplognathia ruberrima (Sterrer 1966), or the northwestern Atlantic: Haplognathia rosacea (Sterrer 1970) and Pterognathia ctenifera (Sterrer 1970). Fifteen species are new to science, including three that represent two new genera: Cosmognathia arcus gen. et sp.n., Cosmognathia bastillae sp.n., Pterognathia crocodilus sp.n., Pterognathia vilii sp.n., Agnathiella sp., Tenuignathia vitiensis sp.n., Ratugnathia mukuluvae gen . et sp.n., Gnathostomula salotae sp.n., Gnathostomula raji sp.n., Gnathostomula maorica sp.n., Austrognathia singatokae sp.n., Austrognathia nannulifera sp.n., Austrognathia novaezelandiae sp.n., Austrognatharia homunculus sp.n., and Austrognatharia pecten sp.n.     

The Nematode Fauna in the Sulphide-Rich Brine Seep and Adjacent Bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. I Chromadorida

Sixteen nematode species of the order Chromadorida are described from the East Flower Garden at 72 m depth in the north-western Gulf of Mexico. The material is from sandy bottom samples influenced or beyond the influence of a sulphide-rich brine seep. Fifteen species are new to science: Acantholaimus quadridentatus sp.n., Prochromadorella papillata sp.n., Austranema mexicanum sp.n., Rhips anoxybiotica sp.n., Filitonchoides thiobioticus gen. et sp.n., Paracyatholaimus spinulaosus sp.n., Marylynnia punctata sp.n., Marylynnia johanseni sp.n., Acanthopharyngoides bidentatus sp.n., Desmodora (Croconema)punctata sp.n., Desmodora (Desmodora) curvispiculum sp.n., Desmodora (Pseudochromadora) bulbosa sp.n., Chromaspirinia longisetosa sp.n., Prochaetosoma brighti sp.n. and Ixonema powelli sp.n. A specimen of Bathyepsilonema is also described and is probably new to science, but the available material only includes a female.     

中国列蛾属分类研究及二十三新种记述(鳞翅目,列蛾科)

报道了中国列蛾属Autosticha 33种昆虫,其中有23新种和中国3新纪录种.新种包括:连斑列蛾A.conjugiopuncla sp.nov.,茨坪列蛾A.cipingensis sp.nov.,小喜列蛾A.microphilodema sp.nov.,多斑列蛾A.maculosa sp.nov.,勐仑列蛾A.menglunica sp.nov.,粗鳞列蛾A.squarrosa sp.nov.,南昌列蛾A.nanchangensis sp.nov.,淡黄列蛾A.flavida sp.nov.,二瓣列蛾A.valvifida sp.nov.,复瓣列蛾A.complexivalvula sp.nov.,迷列蛾A.fallaciosa sp.nov.,直斑列蛾A.rectipunctata sp.nov.,齿瓣列蛾A.valvidentata sp.nov.,天目山列蛾A.tianmushana sp.nov.,异域列蛾A.heteramalla sp.nov.,沈氏列蛾A.shenaesp.nov,五峰列蛾A.wufengensis sp.nov.,奇异列蛾A.mirabilis sp.nov.,弓瓣列蛾A.arcivalvaris sp.nov.,刺列蛾A.oxyacantha sp.nov.,棒列蛾A.bacilliformis.sp.nov.,赤水列蛾A.chishuiensis sp. nov.和涉县列蛾A.shexianicasp.nov..中国新纪录种有:和列蛾A.modicella(Christoph,1882),粗点列蛾A.pachysticta(Meyrick,1936)和截列蛾A.truncicola Ueda,1997.此外,还报道了1个新组合--喜列蛾A.philodema(Meyrick,1938),comb.nov..文中提供了新种的外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在南开大学生物系.     

中国东北晚侏罗世虻类化石(昆虫纲:双翅目)

本文论述了辽宁西部上侏罗统虻类６个科的化石,包括１新科,１０个新属和１５个新种。其中Ｐａｌａｅｐａｎｇｏｎｉｕｓ ｅｕｐｔｅｒｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｅｌｐａｎｇｏｎｉｕｓ ｐｌｅｔｕｓ ｇｅｎ,ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ａｌｌｏｍｙｉａ ｒｕｄｅｒａｌｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．均属于虻科（Ｔａｂａｎｉｄａｅ）;Ｏｒｓｏｂｒａｃｈｙｃｅｒｏｎ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ     

丽盲蝽属(丽盲蝽亚属)中国种类修订(半翅目:盲蝽科:盲蝽亚科)(英文)

对丽盲蝽属 (丽盲蝽亚属 )Lygocoris (subg .Lygocoris)的中国种类作了修订。文中共包括 19个种 ,其中有 12新种 ,1个中国新纪录种 ,并包括 1项新等级的认定。即暗胝丽盲蝽L .(L .)calligersp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山九老洞 ) ,程氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)chengisp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山大乘寺 ) ,晕斑丽盲蝽L .(L .)diffusomaculatussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃榆中兴隆山 ) ,淡色丽盲蝽L .(L .)dilutussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃夏河县合作 ) ,锈褐丽盲蝽L .(L .) ferrugineussp .nov .(正模 :云南哀牢山 ) ,褐盾丽盲蝽L .(L .) fuscoscutel latus (Reuter ,190 6 )stat .nov .[由L .(L .)striicornisvar.fuscoscutellatus升为种级阶元 ],广西丽盲蝽L .(L .) guangxiensissp .nov .(正模 :广西龙胜 ) ,东亚丽盲蝽L .(L .)idoneus(Linnavuori,196 3) (中国新纪录种 ) ,完脊丽盲蝽L .(L .)integricarinatussp .nov .(甘肃榆中麻家寺 ) ,林氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)linnavuoriisp .nov .(云南哀牢山簸箕坝 ) ,长翅丽盲蝽L .(L .)longipennis (Reuter ,190 6 ) ,斑盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)maculis cutellatussp .nov .(四川理县刷经寺 ) ,原丽盲蝽L .(L .) pabulinus (Linnaeus ,176 1) ,红盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)rufiscutellatussp .nov .(甘     

Metazoan parasites of Sebastes capensis from two localities in northern Chile as tools for stock identification

Examination of 290 red rockfish Sebastes capensis from two fishing grounds in northern Chile (Coquimbo 71°30' W; 30°0' S and Antofagasta 70°40' W; 23°30' S) revealed 8770 metazoan parasites, belonging to 18 taxa: Udonella caligorum (Udonellidae); Interniloculus chilensis , Paramicrocotyle sp. and Neobenedenia melleni (Monogenea); larval Gnathia sp., Cirolana sp. and Rocinela sp. (Isopoda); Helicometrina nimia , Diphtherostomum sp., Lecithochirium sp. and Pseudopecoelus sp. (Digenea); Ascarophis sebastodis , Anisakis sp. and larval Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda); Caligus cheilodactylus , Lepeophtheirus chilensis and Trifur tortuosus (Copepoda); larval Corynosoma australe (Acanthocephala). Ten species were found only in Coquimbo and three were found only in Antofagasta, species common to both localities were Pseudopecoelus sp., C. australe , Anisakis sp. and A. sebastodis . Evidence, based on qualitative differences between the parasite faunas of the red rockfish, suggests the existence of two discrete stocks.     

Glycosphingolipids as a possible signature of microbial communities in activated sludge and the potential contribution of fungi to wastewater treatment under cold conditions

Seven strains of fungi were isolated from activated sludge and identified as Mucor sp., Geotrichum sp., Trichosporon sp., Candida sp., and Trichoderma sp. by 28S rDNA D2 region sequences analysis. The structures of the main ceramide monosaccharides (CMSs) from these fungi were identified as glucosylceramide (GlcCer) consisting of ceramide moieties of 9-methyl-octadeca-sphingadienine (9-Me d18:2), with 2-hydroxyhexadecanoate (h16:0) (Mucor sp. and Geotrichum sp.), 2-hydroxyoctadecanoate (h18:0) (Trichosporon sp. and Candida sp.), and 2-hydroxyoctadecenoate (h18:1) (Trichoderma sp.). Seasonal changes in glycosphingolipids in activated sludge suggest the possibility that microbial flora in activated sludge changes with the seasons, and that fungi adaptable to low temperatures dominate in the cold period, resulting in the maintenance of stable effluent quality. Mucor sp., Geotrichum sp., and Candida sp. satisfactorily reduced the BOD of synthetic sewage at 10 degrees C. These results indicate that fungi in activated sludge can contribute to wastewater treatment in cold conditions.     

Physiological basis of the selective advantage of a Spirillum sp. in a carbon-limited environment

A Spirillum sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. possessing crossing substrate saturation curves for L-lactate were isolated from fresh water by chemostat enrichment. Their Ks and mumax values for L-lactate were: Spirillum sp., 23 micrometer and 0.35 h-1, respectively; Pseudomonas sp., 91 micrometer and 0.64 h-1, respectively. Under L-lactate limitation, pseudomonas sp. outgrew Spirillum s. at dilution rates (D) above 0.29 h-1, but the converse occurred at lower D values. The advantage of Spirillum sp. increased with decreasing D until, at D = 0.05 h-1 (i.e. L-lactate concentration of approximately 1 micrometer), Pseudomonas sp. was eliminated from the culture essentially as a non-growing population. In Spirillum sp. the Km for L-lactate transport (5.8 micrometer) was threefold lower than in Pseudomonas sp. (20 micrometer); Spirillum sp. also possessed a higher Vmax for the transport of this substrate. The surface to volume ratio was higher in Spirillum sp. and increased more markedly than in Pseudomonas sp. in response to decreasing D. Thus, a more efficient scavenging capacity contributes to the advantage of Spirillum sp. at low concentrations of the carbon source. Although most of the enzymes of L-lactate catabolism were more active in Pseudomonas sp., NADH oxidase activity was about twice as high in Spirillum sp.; and, unlike Pseudomonas sp., the cytochrome c content of this bacterium increased markedly with decreasing D. A more active and/or more efficient respiratory chain may therefore also play a role in the advantage of Spirillum sp. The other factors which appear to be involved include a lower energy of maintenance of Spirillum sp. [0.016 g L-lactate (g cell dry wt)-1 h-1 compared with 0.066 in Pseudomonas sp.] and a lower minimal growth rate.     

Hydrolysis of Selected Organophosphorus Insecticides by Two Bacteria Isolated from Flooded Soil

Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 hydrolysed both diethyl (parathion and diazinon) and dimethyl (methyl parathion and fenitrothion) phosphorothioates while Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 29353 hydrolysed only diethyl (parathion and diazinon) phosphorothioates. Glucose inhibited the hydrolysis of parathion by Pseudomonas sp., but not by Flavobacterium sp. Evidently, the Flavobacterium hydrolase differs from that of Pseudomonas sp. The Pseudomonas sp. converted 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of glucose and to nitrite in its absence; 4-nitrophenol was not metabolized by the Flavobacterium sp.     

鲢对藻类摄食效应的室内模拟研究

为研究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)对藻类的摄食作用, 采用小环藻(Cyclotella)、小球藻(Chlorella)、微囊藻(Microcystis)和东湖原水开展了小规格鱼种的养殖试验, 对鲢摄食和排泄物进行了研究。结果显示: 在3 种纯培养藻种投喂下鲢存活率从高到低依次是小环藻组 小球藻组 微囊藻组;相应地, 鲢对藻的平均摄食率排序也是小环藻组 小球藻组 微囊藻组。在显微镜下观察粪便发现大部分小环藻为空壳, 一部分小球藻外部形态结构不完整, 外部形态完整的小球藻则色泽暗淡、内部结构紊乱, 微囊藻没有明显变化;3 种藻类细胞的受损率分别为20.04%、7.13%和1.97%。叶绿素荧光活性显示, 粪便中小环藻基本失去光合活性, 小球藻活性极显著降低(P0.01), 微囊藻活性明显降低(P0.05), 东湖原水处理组光合活性较对照极显著降低(P0.01)。对东湖水饲喂试验组排泄物的检测发现, 浮鞘丝藻Planktolyngya、鱼腥藻Anabeana(有破损)、假鱼腥藻Pseudoanabaena 和颤藻Oscillatoria 细胞受损严重;空星藻Coelastrum 和盘星藻Pediastrum 细胞部分破损;针杆藻Synedra、小环藻、桥弯藻Cymbella 和舟形藻Navicula 多为空壳。鱼粪中平裂藻Merismopedia、微囊藻、浮鞘丝藻、鱼腥藻、颤藻、卵囊藻Oocystis、栅藻Scenedesmus 和衣藻Chlamydomonas 在重新培养后恢复了生长。本研究显示硅藻尤其是小环藻、针杆藻和舟形藻对鲢摄食最敏感;栅藻、卵囊藻和平裂藻对摄食压力不敏感。研究表明鲢捕食对藻类群落结构有明显的改变效应, 利用鲢的滤食进行藻类群落调节和水华防控具有可行性。       

吐鲁番-哈密盆地晚二叠世早期植物群

记述了吐鲁番－哈密盆地晚二叠世早期植物化石１９属２９种（包括６新种，２相似种和１０未定种），这是一个以种子蕨类为主的安加拉型植物群。文中对这一植物群的性质和地质时代作了比较详细的讨论和对比。     

Multiple antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from pristine freshwater

A freshwater enterobacterial population (N = 111) was studied for antimicrobial and mercury resistance patterns, and for its possible association with biotic and abiotic factors in that environment. Conventional biochemical tests identified Klebsiella sp, Morganella sp, Serratia sp, Escherichia sp, Enterobacter sp, Edwarsiella sp, Proteus sp, Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, and Kluyvera sp. There was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates and bacterial genera, but resistance patterns varied among water samples and between seasons. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was common (61%). The percentage of bacteria resistant to at least one antimicrobial differed between the rainy (100%) and dry seasons (89%). Resistance to beta-lactams and chloramphenicol was the most frequent and resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin was less frequent. The main water variables examined (abiotic factors pH and temperature; biotic factor chlorophyll a concentration) did not influence antimicrobial resistance. Significant impact on freshwater enterobacteria, as evidenced by antimicrobial-multiple resistance and by the presence of bla(TEM) gene, may point to the fact that it has an important role in horizontal spread of resistance.     

Revision of the 'nudidrosophila' and 'ateledrosophila' species groups of Hawaiian Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of twenty-two new species

Abstract.  The 'nudidrosophila' and 'ateledrosophila' species groups, formerly described as genera, are a relatively small and understudied part of the enormous Hawaiian Drosophila radiation. Only nine species were described previously. Here we revise the two groups, provide a key to males and females, and describe fully all species. The 'ateledrosophila' group now contains three species, D. diamphidia Hardy, D. papala sp.n. , and D. preapicula Hardy. The 28 species of the 'nudidrosophila' group are separated into five subgroups: 'hirtitibia' ( D. hirtitibia Hardy, D. konaensis sp.n. , D. mawaena sp.n. , and D. papaalai sp.n. ); 'kahania' ( D. kahania sp.n. and D. longipalpus sp.n. ); 'nudidrosophila' ( D. aenicta Hardy, D. amita Hardy, D. canavalia sp.n. , D. eximia Hardy, D. gemmula Hardy, D. kualapa sp.n. , D. lepidobregma Hardy, D. mahui sp.n. , D. malele sp.n. , D. panoanoa sp.n. , and D. poonia sp.n. ); 'okala' ( D. akoko sp.n. , D. kuhao sp.n. , D. makawao sp.n. , D. okala sp.n. , and D. panina sp.n. ); and 'velata' ( D. halapepe sp.n. , D. kauaiensis sp.n. , D. lauoho sp.n. , D. milolii sp.n. , D. pohaka sp.n. , and D. velata Hardy).     

Diseases and parasites in wolves of the Riding Mountain National Park region, Manitoba, Canada

We examined wolf (Canis lupus) blood and fecal samples from the Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP) region of Manitoba, Canada. In 601 fecal samples collected during two study periods in RMNP and the Duck Mountain Provincial Park and Forest (DMPPF) we found gastrointestinal helminth eggs from Alaria sp. (15.5%), Capillaria sp. (1.0%), taeniid tapeworms (30.8%), Toxascaris sp. (1.7%), Toxocara sp. (0.2%), Trichuris sp. (2.2%), and Moniezia sp. (0.5%). In addition, we found Demodex sp. (0.2%) and the protozoal cysts/oocysts of Sarcocystis sp. (37.3%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.2%), coccidia (Isospora sp. or Eimeria sp.) (1.7%), and Giardia sp. (29.5%). No fecal shedding of canine parvovirus (CPV, n=387) was detected. All 18 blood samples collected in RMNP showed CPV exposure and eight of 18 blood samples indicated canine distemper virus (CDV) exposure. One wolf died from CDV. Our results are consistent with previous findings on pathogens affecting wolves and with high Giardia sp. prevalence in wolves inhabiting agricultural regions.     

Hyphomycetes on the Vochysiaceae from the Brazilian cerrado

New hyphomycetes are described in association with leaves of native plants of the family Vochysiaceae, as part of studies of cerrado fungi. Six new species are described belonging to genera Alternaria (A. qualeae sp. nov.), Janetia (J. salvertiae sp. nov.), Passalora (P. qualeae sp. nov.) and Periconiella (P. longispora sp. nov., P. qualeae-grandiflorae sp. nov. and P. campo-grandensis sp. nov.). A key to the species of Periconiella on Qualea is provided.