西藏佩枯错距今13000—45000年间的介形类及环境变迁

西藏西南部佩估错的三级价地剖面产有壳体数量较大的介形类运动群,但属种相对单调,计有５属１４种,分别为Ｌｅｕｃｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｍｉｅａｂｉｌｉｓ,Ｌ．ｄｏｒｓｏｔｕｂｅｒｏｓａ,Ｌ．ｓｕｂｓｃｕｌｐｔａ,Ｌ．ｓｐ．１,Ｌ．ｓｐ．２,Ｌｅｕｃｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｌｌａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｌ．ｃｆ,ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｌ．ｂｉｅｃｈｉｎａｔａ,Ｌ．ｔｒｉｎｄｏａ,Ｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｘｉｚａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．     

爬岩鳅属鱼类一新种（鲤形目：平鳍鳅科）

本文记述了采自贵州三都县的平鳍鳅科鱼类１新种,由于其在侧线鳞数目,背鳍起点和肛门的相对位置等特征都处于近缘种四川爬岩鳅Ｂｅａｕｆｏｒｔｉａ ｓｚｅｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ和贵州爬岩鳅Ｂ;ｋｗｅｉｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ之间,故命名为中间爬岩鳅,新种Ｂｅａｕｆｏｒｔｉａ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ Ｔａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ。     

杉木与主要阔叶造林树种叶凋落物的混合分解

杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ）与主要阔叶造林树种叶凋落物混合分解实验是用网袋法进行的。目的是检验“杉木叶凋落物与阔叶凋落物混合分解时,杉木叶凋落物的分解速率和养分释放都可得到加强”这样一个假设。结果发现,杉木与火力楠（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａ ｍａｃｃｌｕｒｅｉ ｖａｒ．ｓｕｂａｌａｎｅａ）、桤木（Ａｌｎｕｓ ｃｒｅｍａｓｔｏｇｙｎｅ）叶凋落物混合分解时分解速率有较强的促进作用,而     

湿螨属四新种记述及中华湿螨再记述：（蜱螨亚纲：湿螨科）

本文记述湿螨属水螨四种新种：郭氏湿螨Ｈｙｇｒｏｂａｔｅｓ ｇｏｕｓｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,贵州湿螨Ｈ．ｇｕｉａｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,墨缘湿螨Ｈ．ａｔｒｏｖｉｒｅｎｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和兴义湿螨Ｈ．ｘｉｎｙｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．文中扼述了它们与近似种的区别。另外。还对中华湿螨Ｈ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｕｃｈｉｄｅ Ｉｍａｍｕｒａ作了再描述。     

蒽对3种海洋微藻致毒效应的研究

新月菱形藻（Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａ ｃｌｏｓｔｅｒｉｕｍ）、绿光等鞭金藻８７０１（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ ８７１０）和亚心形扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓ ｓｕｂｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）３种海洋微藻用不同深度的蒽胁迫７２ｈ,分别测定３种藻的生长速率、光合色素含量、净光合速率及呼吸速率的变化。结果表明：３种藻对蒽的敏感性由高到低依次为：新月菱形藻、金藻８７０１和亚心形扁藻;３种微呼吸作用受抑制     

威Yao属一新种及阔Yao属在我国的发现：（昆虫纲：弹尾目）

描述了采自上海地区的威Ｙａｏ属一新种Ｗｉｌｌｅｍｉａｓｈａｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,产报道中国新纪录种厚角阔Ｙａｏ ＯｎｃｏｐｏｄｕｒａｃｒａｓｓｉｃｏｒｎｉｓＳｈｏｅｂｏｔｈａｍ１９１１,新种模式标本存放于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所标本馆。     

中国低额溞属二新种和二新纪录（甲壳纲：双甲目：溞科）

本文描述了中国枝角类科低额属的两个新种：黑龙江低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈｅｉｏｎｇｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和北安低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及两个中国新记录种．     

鹤冈盆地石头河子组孢子花粉

本文是对鹤冈盆地中生代主要含煤地层石头河子组孢粉化石的首次报道与研究,共记述孢子花粉２６属４６种,经描述１２属２０种。文中从所发现的海金沙科孢子Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ１１种,Ｃｏｎ－ｃａｖｉｓｓｉｍｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ１种,Ｐｉｌｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ１种,凤尾蕨科孢子Ｐｔｅｒｉｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ１种,石松科孢子Ｌｙｃｏｐｏｄｉ－ｕｍｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ１种,蚌壳蕨科孢子Ｃｉｂｏｔｉｕｍｓｐｏｒａ１种,桫椤科孢子Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ２种以及相当数量的松柏目双囊花粉,植物亲缘关系不明的特征性花粉Ｊｉａｏｈｅｐｏｌｌｉｓ１种等,论证了石头河子组地质时代应属早白垩世晚贝里阿斯期－巴列姆期。石头河子组地质时代长期被归为侏罗纪,这一孢粉组合的研究,无疑对正确确定这一含煤地层的时代有着较重要的意义。     

贵州凯里地区早、中寒武世凯里组的Peronopsis

根据胸针球接子（Ｐｅｒｏｎｏｐｓｉｓ）从早寒武世晚期至中寒武世晚期地质、地理的分布规律和演化趋向，将我国早期中寒武世地层与世界其它地区的同期地层进行了对比；此外，还建立了２新种：Ｐｅｒｏｎｏｐｓｉｓｔａｉｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，Ｐｅｒｏｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｅｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

新疆北部侏罗、白垩纪非海相腹足类

记述新疆准噶尔盆地和吐鲁番盆地侏罗、白垩纪非海相腹足类１０属１５种，其中６新种、１未定种。根据这些腹足类的地层分布特点将它们划分为３个组合，自下而上为１）Ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｓｓａｎｇｏｎｇｈｅｅｎｓｉｓ组合，时代为早侏罗世；２）Ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｓｑｉｋｅｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａｍｐｌｏｖａｌｖａｔａｓｕｔｕｒａｌｉｓ组合，时代为中侏罗世；３）Ｃｉｎｃｉｎｎａｔｕｒｇｅｎｓｉｓ组合，时代为早白垩世。对这些腹足类生活习性的分析，这两个盆地在早侏罗世气候温暖湿润，草木繁茂，大部分地区为平静、滞流的湖泊、沼泽；中侏罗世盆地相对下陷，水域扩大加深；中侏罗世末期至晚侏罗世早期，盆地抬升，水域范围明显缩小；至早白垩世，盆地又扩大加深。     

Sensitivity of the relative-rate test to taxonomic sampling

Relative-rate tests may be used to compare substitution rates between more than two sequences, which yields two main questions: What influence does the number of sequences have on relative-rate tests and what is the influence of the sampling strategy as characterized by the phylogenetic relationships between sequences? Using both simulations and analysis of real data from murids (APRT and LCAT nuclear genes), we show that comparing large numbers of species significantly improves the power of the test. This effect is stronger if species are more distantly related. On the other hand, it appears to be less rewarding to increase outgroup sampling than to use the single nearest outgroup sequence. Rates may be compared between paraphyletic ingroups and using paraphyletic outgroups, but unbalanced taxonomic sampling can bias the test. We present a simple phylogenetic weighting scheme which takes taxonomic sampling into account and significantly improves the relative- rate test in cases of unbalanced sampling. The answers are thus: (1) large taxonomic sampling of compared groups improves relative-rate tests, (2) sampling many outgroups does not bring significant improvement, (3) the only constraint on sampling strategy is that the outgroup be valid, and (4) results are more accurate when phylogenetic relationships between the investigated sequences are taken into account. Given current limitations of the maximum-likelihood and nonparametric approaches, the relative-rate test generalized to any number of species with phylogenetic weighting appears to be the most general test available to compare rates between lineages.      

Molecular clocks and the incompleteness of the fossil record

Molecular clocks can be evaluated by comparing absolute rates of evolution and by performing relative-rate tests. Typically, calculations of absolute rates are based on earliest observed occurrences in the fossil record. Relative-rate tests, on the other hand, merely require an unambiguous outgroup. A major disadvantage of relative-rate tests is their insensitivity to concomitant and equal rate changes in all lineages. Apparent differences in absolute rates, in turn, may be artifacts that are attributable to an incomplete fossil record.Recently developed methods in quantitative biostratigraphy recognize the incompleteness of the fossil record and allow us to place confidence intervals on the endpoints of taxon ranges. These methods are applicable to taxa whose fossil records are of markedly different quality. When we extend these methods and integrate molecular and paleontologic data, we can test the null hypothesis that seemingly disparate rates of molecular evolution are in fact equal under the simplifying assumption that fossils are randomly and independently distributed over their temporal ranges and that fossils can be accurately placed in a phylogenetic context. We can also estimate the range of ticking rates, if any, that are compatible with known fossil data. Ultimately, more accurate rate estimates for widely divergent taxa should allow for more meaningful comparisons of evolutionary rates.DNA hybridization data for monotremes and marsupials suggest a 17-fold difference for 14 different rate calculations with a mean value of approximately 1% divergence per million years. Variation among marsupials is sevenfold. However, when we apply appropriate statistical tests and make additional allowances for fossils of uncertain taxonomic assignment, etc., all 14 rates are compatible with a molecular clock ticking at approximately 0.4% divergence per million years. In addition, this analysis brings relative- and absolute-rate tests into accord.     

巨孢囊霉目丛枝菌根真菌的分类研究进展

巨孢囊霉目(Gigasporales)真菌因其形态特征显著而被认为是较易归类和鉴定的一类丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)。近十余年来随着研究技术的进步,基于无性孢子形态特征而建立的AMF分类、鉴定方法得以不断补充和完善,也使得巨孢囊霉目真菌的系统分类一直处于不断变化和更新的状态。文中主要介绍了该目真菌基于形态特征的鉴定方法上的最新变化以及最新的分类系统,着重归纳已报道科、属、种分类特征,旨在为开展我国AMF资源调查、丰富其多样性提供便利。     

氧化酶和尿素酶试验对HP感染的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨氧化酶和尿素酶对幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的检出率和鉴别诊断。方法 采用氧化酶和尿素酶和涂片对1738例胃病患者进行HP检测。结果 1738例中氧化酶试验、尿素酶试验试验阳性检出率分别为47．41％、89．99％,阳性预测值为89．76％,阴性预测值为95．3％;尿毒酶试验的敏感性为99．72％,特异性为96．02％,阳性预浊值为95．36％,阴性预测值为9．76％,两者相比较各个参数间均无明显差（P＞0．05）。结论 氧化酶试验和尿毒酶试验一样对检测HP快速有效,两者联合应用可提供对HP感染诊断和鉴别诊断的准确性。     

EDTA纸片法和三维试验检测阴沟肠杆菌AmpC酶的比较

目的比较EDTA纸片法及头孢西丁三维试验检测阴沟肠杆菌AmpC酶的符合程度。方法收集近几年阴沟肠杆菌株97株临床菌株,应用EDTA纸片法和三维试验分别检测97株阴沟肠杆菌的AmpC酶,并进行比较。结果 97株受检菌中,75株EDTA纸片法和三维试验均阴性,20株两种方法均阳性,2株菌EDTA纸片法阴性,而三维试验阳性。两种检测方法阳性符合率为90.9%,阴性符合率为100%,总符合率为97.9%。结论 ED-TA纸片法检测阴沟肠杆菌与三维试验的符合率高,且操作简便,较适合于临床实验室应用。     

Increased regeneration rate in peripheral nerve axons following double lesions: Enhancement of the conditioning lesion phenomenon

The rate of regeneration of rat sciatic nerve sensory axons was measured using the pinch-reflex test method, and confirmed by studying the transport of labelled protein into the regenerating axons. For nerves receiving a single test crush lesion the rate was 4.02 ± 0.03 (SE) mm/day. For nerves with a conditioning lesion made at the knee seven days prior to the test lesion at the hip the rate was 5.73 ± 0.06 mm/day, and for nerves where both conditioning and test lesions were made at the same site (hip or knee) but separated by seven days, the rate was 6.76 ± 0.04 mm/day, a 68% increase over the normal rate, showing that pre-degeneration of the nerve distal to the site of the test lesion increases the rate of regeneration. It is concluded that the rate of axon regeneration can be influenced by the environment through which the regenerating axons grow.     

尿蛋白定性与定量检测结果的差异性和相关性分析

目的：探讨尿液干化学法及免疫透射比浊法检测尿白蛋白结果的差异性及相关性。方法：对514例住院患者随机尿标本进行尿液干化学法及免疫透射比浊法尿蛋白的检测。结果：尿液干化学法阳性率为82．1％,免疫透射比浊法阳性率为72．8％。两种方法检测结果均为阴性标本的符合率为98．9％,为（±）的标本二者符合率为69．7％,为㈩的标本二者符合率为75．6％,为（＋＋）的标本二者符合率为67．2％,为（卅）标本中二者符合率为42．5％,为（＋＋H）标本二者的符合率为37．5％。两种方法的检测结果有显著性差异（P〈O．05）;UmAlb／Ucr、NAG、和NAG／Ucr与UmAlb具有显著相关（P〈0．05）,且UmAlb／Ucr与UmAlb的相关性最高。两种方法所得等级结果比较,＋＋～卅之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,-～±、±～＋、＋～＋＋、＋＋＋～＋＋＋＋之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：尿蛋白定性与定量检测结果存在显著性差异,而UmAlb／Ucr与UmAlb相关性较高。在泌尿系统疾病的诊断中,检测尿中UmAlb比尿常规更有意义。     

尿蛋白定性与定量检测结果的差异性和相关性分析

目的:探讨尿液干化学法及免疫透射比浊法检测尿白蛋白结果的差异性及相关性。方法:对514例住院患者随机尿标本进行尿液干化学法及免疫透射比浊法尿蛋白的检测。结果:尿液干化学法阳性率为82.1%,免疫透射比浊法阳性率为72.8%。两种方法检测结果均为阴性标本的符合率为98.9%,为(±)的标本二者符合率为69.7%,为(+)的标本二者符合率为75.6%,为(++)的标本二者符合率为67.2%,为(+++)标本中二者符合率为42.5%,为(++++)标本二者的符合率为37.5%。两种方法的检测结果有显著性差异(P0.05);UmAlb/Ucr、NAG、和NAG/Ucr与UmAlb具有显著相关(P0.05),且UmAlb/Ucr与UmAlb的相关性最高。两种方法所得等级结果比较,++~+++之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),-~±、±~+、+~++、+++~++++之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尿蛋白定性与定量检测结果存在显著性差异,而UmAlb/Ucr与UmAlb相关性较高。在泌尿系统疾病的诊断中,检测尿中UmAlb比尿常规更有意义。     

Beacon公司微囊藻毒素检测试剂盒的性能评价

对一种进口微囊藻毒素ELISA试剂盒进行应用性能评价。用该试剂盒进行精密度实验,标准品添加回收实验,交叉反应实验以及样品检测比较实验。试剂盒的分析内检测精密度较高,分析间检测精密度偏低,加标回收率在73.5-97.8%之间,试剂盒抗体与MC-LR的交叉反应率很高,但与MC-RR、MC-LW、MC-LF等微囊藻毒素异构体交叉反应率偏低,在水样的测定中,试剂盒检测结果与本实验室方法检测结果基本一致。该试剂盒基本能够满足对水体中MC-LR的定性和定量检测要求。     

老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折行双极人工股骨头置换治疗的疗效分析

目的：探讨双极人工股骨头置换在高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折中的疗效。方法：125例患者随机分为两组,观察组采用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗,对照组采用动力髋螺钉内固定术,比较两Harris疗效和手术时间、失血量、下地时间、再手术率和并发症等。结果：观察组手术时间大于对照组,失血量和下地时间小于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组优良率82．54％,对照组优良率66．13％,两组优良率差异有统计学意义（Riditz=11．574,P=0．000）;对照组共发生并发症15例（24．19％）,再手术率6．45％,观察组出现并发症3例（4．76％）,无再手术患者,两组并发症发生率和再手术率有统计学意义（Fisher P〈0．05）。结论：对老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折行双极人工股骨头置换治疗疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。